Androgen R/NR3C4 [p Ser213, p Ser210] Antibody (156C135.2)

Western Blot: Androgen R/NR3C4 [p Ser213, p Ser210] Antibody (156C135.2) [NB100-56603] - Analysis using Azide Free version of NB100-56603. LNCaP cells (passage number 38) were serum-starved for 2 days. After serum starvation, cells were (A) left untreated, (B) treated with 100 ng/ml IGF-1 for 4h, or (C) incubated with 20 um LY294002 for 30 mi

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Pm
• Applications: WB, IHC, IHC-P
• Clone: 156C135.2
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml

Androgen R/NR3C4 [p Ser213, p Ser210] Antibody (156C135.2) Summary

• Immunogen: This antibody was developed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 207-221 (GRAREAS*GAPTSSKD) of human androgen receptor, containing the serine 213 phosphorylation site: GenBank Accession No. A39248. Note: S* refers to phosphorylated serine in the peptide sequence.
• Modification: p Ser213, p Ser210
• Specificity: In IGF-1 stimulated LNCaP cells (passage number 38), a ~110 kDa band was observed. Please see Lin et al. 2003 for additional details. The serine phosphorylation site recognized by this antibody has been alternatively referred to Ser213 (Lee and Chang, 2003) and Ser210 (Lin et al, 2003). Variations in denotation can arise from how the sequence is counted in various GenBank accession numbers. The site is denoted as Ser213 in GenBank Accession No. A39248, which was used to design the immunogen.
• Isotype: IgG1 Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: AR
• Purity: Protein G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot 1 - 4 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:20 - 1:1000
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:10 - 1:500
• Application Notes: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin reported in literature (Lin et al, 2007).

Reactivity Notes

New World Monkey. Predicted cross-reactivity with Chimpanzee, Dog, Mouse, Pig and Rat. Mouse reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 21464326).

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein G purified

Alternate Names for Androgen R/NR3C4 [p Ser213, p Ser210] Antibody (156C135.2)

• AIS
• Androgen R
• androgen receptor
• AndrogenR
• AR
• DHTR
• DHTRTFM
• Dihydrotestosterone receptorHYSP1
• HUMARA
• NR3C4
• NR3C4KD
• Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4
• SBMA
• SMAX1
• SMAX1SBMA
• spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

Background

The androgen receptor (AR) is an approx. 110 kDa androgen-dependent transcription factor that is a member of the steroid/nuclear receptor gene superfamily. The AR signaling pathway plays a key role in development and function of male reproductive organs, including the prostate and epididymis. AR also plays a role in nonreproductive organs, such as muscle, hair follicles, and brain. Abnormalities in the AR signaling pathway have been linked to a number of diseases, including prostate cancer, Kennedy's disease and male infertility. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating AR activity through phosphorylation of AR at Ser213/210 and Ser791/790. Growth factors or cytokines may induce phosphorylation of AR through the PI3K/Akt pathway. IGF-1 activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT pathway in LNCap at high passage number and increases phosphorylation of of AR at Ser213/210 (see western blot) and Ser791/790 (Lin et al. 2003). The western blot results also show that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002 prior to incubation with IGF-1 suppressed AR phosphorylation at Ser213/210. Activation of the PI3K/AKt pathway is thought to have a survival role in prostate cancer by protecting cells from apoptosis.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Androgen R/NR3C4 Antibody (NB100-56603)(12)

Publications using NB100-56603

• Zellweger T, Sturm S, Rey S et al. Estrogen receptor B expression and androgen receptor phosphorylation correlate with a poor clinical outcome in hormone-naive prostate cancer and are elevated in castration-resistant disease. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013 May 21 [PMID: 23580588]
• Chen S, Gulla S, Cai C, Balk SP. Androgen receptor serine 81 phosphorylation mediates chromatin binding and transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 2012 Mar 9 [PMID: 22275373] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  Product cited: Androgen Receptor Ser213/210 (IMG-561). 1. WB: Human prostate cancer cells (LNCap) treated with nocodazole (NOCO) and CDK1 inhibitors (CGP74514A or RO-3306), Fig 1B.
• Kasina S, Macoska JA. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis promotes ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Apr 4 [PMID: 22245379]
• Varisli L, Gonen-Korkmaz C, Syed HM et al. Androgen regulated HN1 leads proteosomal degradation of androgen receptor (AR) and negatively influences AR mediated transactivation in prostate cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Mar 5 [PMID: 22155408] (WB)
• Cai H, Smith DA, Memarzadeh S et al. Differential transformation capacity of Src family kinases during the initiation of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Apr 19 [PMID: 21464326] (IHC-P, Mouse)
  
  Details:
  Product cited: Androgen Receptor Ser213/210 (IMG-561). IHC (paraffin): Mouse urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGSM) tissue, Fig 2.
• Paliouras M, Diamandis EP. An AKT activity threshold regulates androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PSA expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Biol Chem. 2008 Jun [PMID: 18627304] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  Product cited: Androgen Receptor Ser213/210 (IMG-561). WB: Human prostate [PC3(AR)] cancer cell line, Fig 6.
• Palazzolo I, Burnett BG, Young JE et al. Akt blocks ligand binding and protects against expanded polyglutamine androgen receptor toxicity. Hum Mol Genet. 2007 Jul 1 [PMID: 17470458] (WB)
  
  Details:
  WB: Cos cells transfected or mock-transfected with AR sequences: Fig B-D.
• Bhuiyan MM, Li Y, Banerjee S et al. Down-regulation of androgen receptor by 3,3'-diindolylmethane contributes to inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both hormone-sensitive LNCaP and insensitive C4-2B prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 15 [PMID: 17047070]
• Lin SL, Chang D, Ying SY. Hyaluronan stimulates transformation of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2007 Feb [PMID: 16864594] (IHC-P)
  
  Details:
  Products cited: 1. Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarray (IMH-303): IHC (paraffin), Figs 2D, 4B and 6. The Androgen Receptor (Ser213/210) mAb (IMG-561) is used in Fig 6 2. Androgen Receptor (Ser213/210) mAb (IMG-561): IHC (paraffin), Fig 6. This antibody is u
• Kirkegaard T, Edwards J, Tovey S et al. Observer variation in immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression, time for a change? Histopathology. 2006 Jun [PMID: 16722926]
• Agapova OA, Malone PE, Hernandez MR. A neuroactive steroid 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol regulates androgen receptor level in astrocytes. J Neurochem. 2006 Jul [PMID: 16638015] (WB)
  
  Details:
  WB: Fig 5A (primary cultures of human optic nerve head astrocytes treated with various agents). Astrocytes were immunoprecipitated with an antibody recognizing total androgen receptor, followed by western blot with IMG-561 to detect phosphorylated androge
• Lin HK, Hu YC, Yang L et al. Suppression versus induction of androgen receptor functions by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in prostate cancer LNCaP cells with different passage numbers. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 19 [PMID: 14555644]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AR
• Entrez:
  • 367(Human)
• Uniprot:
  • P10275()