STING/TMEM173 Antibody [Janelia Fluor® 549]

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Ca, Pm, RM, Bv
• Applications: WB, Flow, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Janelia Fluor 549

STING/TMEM173 Antibody [Janelia Fluor® 549] Summary

• Immunogen: Partial synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of human STING/TMEM173 (between amino acids 310-360) [UniProt Q86WV6]
• Predicted Species: Bovine (94%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: TMEM173
• Purity: Peptide affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
• Application Notes: Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
• Theoretical MW: 42 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Reactivity Notes

Opossum, Zebrafish (83%), Xenopus (72%), Rat (88%).

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C in the dark.
• Buffer: 50mM Sodium Borate
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Purity: Peptide affinity purified

Notes

Sold under license from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus.

Alternate Names for STING/TMEM173 Antibody [Janelia Fluor® 549]

• endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator
• Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator
• ERIS
• FLJ38577
• hMITA
• hSTING
• Mediator of IRF3 activation
• MITA
• mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation
• MPYS
• NET23
• N-terminal methionine-proline-tyrosine-serine plasma membrane tetraspanner
• SAVI
• Stimulator of interferon genes protein
• stimulator of interferon protein
• STING
• STING-beta
• TMEM173
• transmembrane protein 173

Background

STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is encoded by the TMEM173 gene and is an adaptor molecule involved in the activation of innate immune responses to PAMPS (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPS (damage-associated molecular patterns). STING specifically recognizes cytosolic DNA products derived from pathogens (e.g., cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, Listeria monocytogenes) or dead cells (1, 2). In the STING pathway, dsDNA derived from pathogens or damaged cells serves as a substrate for the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from ATP and GTP (3, 4). Under steady-state conditions STING (theoretical molecular weight 42 kDa), a protein localizes to the ER membrane. Upon activation by dsDNA derived second messenger (cGAMP), STING translocates to the Golgi apparatus as a homodimer. Once STING has trafficked to the perinuclear region, it activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-?B leading to the production of cytokines (e.g., type I interferon) (2, 4). Mutations in the TMEM173 gene affecting STING expression are associated with the development of the auto-inflammatory disease SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy) (2). A novel SAVI dominant mutation in the TMEM173 human gene (V155M) leads to increased localization of STING to the Golgi and perinuclear region, indicative of an activated state (1). Hallmarks of SAVI, a rare inflammatory disease, include severe vasculitis in extremities and lung inflammation (7).

References

1. Patel, S., & Jin, L. (2019). TMEM173 variants and potential importance to human biology and disease. Genes and Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-018-0029-9

2. Jounai, N., Kobiyama, K., Takeshita, F., & Ishii, K. J. (2013). Recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns related to nucleic acids during inflammation and vaccination. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00168

3. Xiao, T. S., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2013). The cGAS-STING Pathway for DNA Sensing. Molecular Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.004

4. Kato, K., Omura, H., Ishitani, R., & Nureki, O. (2017). Cyclic GMP-AMP as an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA. Annual Review of Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044813

5. Crowl, J. T., Gray, E. E., Pestal, K., Volkman, H. E., & Stetson, D. B. (2017). Intracellular Nucleic Acid Detection in Autoimmunity. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052331

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TMEM173