Toll-like Receptors (TLRs)The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of innate immune receptors which includes Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs). The TLRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to activate innate immunity and inflammatory cascades, functioning as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens. TLR signaling activation is initiated in a MyD88 dependent mechanism by the Toll/IL-receptor (TIR) domain which associates with the adaptor molecule, MyD88, or through a MyD88 independent mechanism through the activation of TRIF and TRAF3. |
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