LC3A Antibody - BSA Free

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - High autophagosome concentration is consumed during early immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated under osteogenic conditions (see Materials and methods) and assayed for changes in LC3I and LC3II during a 72-hour window. Cells were differentiated under standard conditions (top) or with addition of 5 uM rapamycin (middle) or 5 nM bafilomycin (bottom) for the first 3 hours of differentiation to modulate autophagy. Immunoblots were performed for LC3 at the indicated time points to assess autophagosome degradation via relative changes in LC3II (lower band; 17 kDa). Studies were repeated three times with similar trends seen consistently. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//stemcellres.com/content/5/6/140), licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Analysis in PFA fixed NIH/3T3 cells using anti-LC3A antibody. Image from verified customer review.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Staining in mouse meniscus and cartilage. Image from verified customer review.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Autophagy mobilized during differentiation of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (ihMSCs). Cultured ihMSCs were stimulated to undergo osteogenesis to form osteoblasts for 30 days at 21% and 4% oxygen. LC3I and LC3II levels were assessed via immunoblot every 10 days and normalized to beta-actin to derive average LC3II band densities. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//stemcellres.com/content/5/6/140), licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows Analysis in human cell lysates.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows analysis of heart tissue lysates from mice which were subjected or not to 48 hours of starvation. The signal was developed using ECL method and this LC3 antibody was found to detect both forms of LC3, i.e. LC3A and LC3B. As expected, the levels of LC3B form were higher in the heart tissue lysates from starved mice.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Detection of HRP conjugated autophagic LC3 in mouse ES cell lysate. The atg5-/- lane (ES cells, cultured to form embryonic bodies, that are deficient in conversion of LC3-1 to LC3-11) demonstrates the specificity of NB 100-2331, as there is no detection of LC3-11. Photo courtesy of Dr. Beth Levine, UT Southwestern Medical Center.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows an analysis in HeLa cells using anti-LC3 antibody (red). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Left panel shows untreated HeLa cells. Right panel shows HeLa cells that were treated with 50 uM CQ overnight. Cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-LC3A antibody at 5 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Rapamycin increases autophagy in brains of PDAPP mice. Representative epifluorescent (c200x) image of hippocampal CA1 in control- and rapamycin-fed transgenic PDAPP mice stained with an anti-LC3 antibody. An increase in LC3-immunoreactive puncta was observed in CA1 projections of transgenic PDAPP mice following rapamycin administration. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009979) licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Analysis in mouse renal tissue. Image from verifed customer review.

Simple Western: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Image shows a specific band for LC3 in 0.5 mg/mL of Neuro2A lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt, Am, Ca, Fi, Pl, Ze, Bv
• Applications: WB, Simple Western, ChIP, ELISA, Flow, IB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, IP, SB, IHC-WhMt
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Format: BSA Free
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml

LC3A Antibody - BSA Free Summary

• Immunogen: This LC3A Antibody was prepared from a synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of the human LC3 protein sequence (between residues 25-121). [Uniprot: Q9H492].
• Localization: LC3-I is cytoplasmic. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes.
• Marker: Autophagosome Marker
• Specificity: This LC3A Antibody detects both LC3A and LC3B.
• Predicted Species: Bovine (100%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: MAP1LC3A
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • ELISA
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Immunoblotting
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence 1:100-1:300
  • Immunohistochemistry Whole-Mount
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:200-1:400
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:200-1:400
  • Immunoprecipitation 20 ug / 500 ug of lysate
  • Simple Western 1:50
  • Southern Blot
  • Western Blot 2.0 ug/ml
• Application Notes: Western blot bands are seen at ~19 kDa, representing LC3-I, and ~17 kDa, representing LC3-II. The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. In ICC, cytoplasmic staining was observed in HeLa cells. Use in immunocytochemistry (PMID: 21545732). and Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin (PMID: 26571030). reported in scientific literature. Use in Flow cytometry reported in scientific literature ( PMID: 24419333).. Use in ELISA reported in scientific literature (PMID: 20930550).. Use in Immunohistochemistry-Whole mount reported in scientific literature (PMID: 31783118).. Use in Southern blot reported in scientific literature (PMID: 21262964).. Use in immunoblotting reported in scientific literature (PMID: 28253371).. In Simple Western only 10 - 15 uL of the recommended dilution is used per data point. Use in Chromatin Immunoprecipitation reported in scientific literature (PMID:33035707).
• Control:

  Mouse Brain Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal)
  Human Brain Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal)
  Neuro2a Whole Cell Lysate
  Neuro2a Chloroquine Treated / Untreated Cell Lysate
  HeLa Chloroquine Treated / Untreated Cell Lysate

Reactivity Notes

Use in Rat reported in scientific literature (PMID:33678798). Use in Amphibian reported in scientific literature (PMID:29777142).

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Aliquot and store at -20C or -80C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.02% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Alternate Names for LC3A Antibody - BSA Free

• Apg8
• APG8a
• Apg8p3
• ATG8E
• Autophagy-related protein LC3 A
• Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier LC3 A
• LC3
• LC3A
• MAP1 light chain 3-like protein 1
• MAP1A/1B light chain 3 A
• MAP1A/MAP1B LC3 A
• MAP1A/MAP1B light chain 3 A
• MAP1ALC3
• MAP1BLC3
• MAP1LC3A
• Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha
• microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3
• microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A
• MLP3A

Background

Human Microtubule-associated Protein 1A/1B Light Chain 3A (MAP1LC3A), also called LC3A for short, is a 121 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretic molecular weight of ~14 kDa. LC3A belongs to the LC3 subfamily of Autophagy-related 8 (Atg8) proteins, which also includes LC3B and LC3C (1). The process of autophagy is the bulk degradation of proteins and organelles. Whether these three proteins have distinct roles in autophagy remains unclear, but they do have unique subcellular expression (2). Specifically, LC3A shows perinuclear and nuclear localization (2). The Atg8 family members share a similar structure of two amino-terminal alpha-helices and a ubiquitin-like core but are unique in aa sequence (1). LC3 utilizes a ubiquitin-like conjugation system to covalently bind to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), also called lipidation, which is mediated by a series of steps (1, 3). Briefly, unprocessed, cytosolic LC3 (pro-LC3) is cleaved by the cysteine protease Atg4 to expose a c-terminal glycine (Gly) residue (LC3-I); the Gly is activated by E1-like enzyme Atg7, transferred to E2-like enzyme Atg3, and an E3-like complex facilitates the conjugation of LC3 with PE (LC3-II), incorporating it into the phagophore membrane during autophagosome formation (1, 3). The recruitment of LC3 to the phagophore is thought to mediate membrane elongation and closure (1, 3). Additionally, LC3 plays a role in recruiting cargo (protein aggregates, pathogens, and organelles) to autophagosomes and delivery for lysosomal degradation (1).

The process of autophagy is associated with a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, neuromuscular, tumorigenesis, and viral and bacterial infections (4). LC3 is a useful marker of autophagy in both healthy and diseased cells (4). Interestingly, LC3A has two variants (v1 and v2) which differ in N-terminal sequence due to the varying transcriptional start sites (5). One particular study found that LC3Av1, but not v2 or LC3B, was silenced in various cancer cell lines due to aberrant DNA methylation and re-expression of LC3Av1 in LC3Av1-silenced cells inhibited tumor growth, where overall findings suggest a possible tumor-suppressive role (5).

Alternative names for LC3A include Apg8, APG8a, ATG8E, Autophagy-related protein LC3 A, Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier LC3 A, MAP1A/1B light chain 3 A, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3, and MLP3A.

References

1. Shpilka, T., Weidberg, H., Pietrokovski, S., & Elazar, Z. (2011). Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family. Genome biology. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-7-226

2. Koukourakis, M. I., Kalamida, D., Giatromanolaki, A., Zois, C. E., Sivridis, E., Pouliliou, S., Mitrakas, A., Gatter, K. C., & Harris, A. L. (2015). Autophagosome Proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C Have Distinct Subcellular Distribution Kinetics and Expression in Cancer Cell Lines. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137675

3. Weidberg, H., Shvets, E., & Elazar, Z. (2011). Biogenesis and cargo selectivity of autophagosomes. Annual review of biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-052709-094552

4. Tanida, I., Ueno, T., & Kominami, E. (2004). LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009

5. Schaaf, M. B., Keulers, T. G., Vooijs, M. A., & Rouschop, K. M. (2016). LC3/GABARAP family proteins: autophagy-(un)related functions. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201600698R

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331)(278)

Publications using NB100-2331

• Record M, Attia M, Carayon K et al. Targeting the liver X receptor with dendrogenin A differentiates tumour cells to secrete immunogenic exosome-enriched vesicles Journal of extracellular vesicles [PMID: 35411723] (ICC/IF, Human, Mouse)
• Zhang R, Varela M, Forn-CunI G et al. Deficiency in the autophagy modulator Dram1 exacerbates pyroptotic cell death of Mycobacteria-infected macrophages Cell Death Dis Apr 24 2020 [PMID: 32332700] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Fedele A, Proud C Chloroquine and bafilomycin A mimic lysosomal storage disorders and impair mTORC1 signalling. Biosci Rep. 2020 Apr 30 [PMID: 32285908] (WB, Human)
• Li W, Dai Y, Shi B et Al. LRPPRC sustains Yap-P27-mediated cell ploidy and P62-HDAC6-mediated autophagy maturation and suppresses genome instability and hepatocellular carcinomas Oncogene Mar 16 2020 [PMID: 32203162] (Mouse)
• Szekerczes T, Gogl A, Illyes I et Al. Autophagy, Mitophagy and MicroRNA Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C and Autoimmune Hepatitis Pathol. Oncol. Res. Mar 2 2020 [PMID: 32124227] (IHC-P, Human)
• Cai K Altered expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins during exercise preconditioning indicate the involvement of autophagy in cardioprotection against exercise-induced myocardial injury J Physiol Sci Feb 17 2020 [PMID: 32066368] (IHC, Rat)
• Lindahl M, Chalazonitis A, Palm E et al. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor-deficiency leads to degeneration of enteric neurons and altered brain dopamine neuronal function in mice Neurobiol Dis. Nov 26 2019 [PMID: 31783118] (IHC-WhMt, Mouse)
• Sarnyai F, SzekerczEs T, Csala M et al. BGP-15 Protects Mitochondria in Acute, Acetaminophen Overdose Induced Liver Injury Pathol. Oncol. Res. Nov 8 2019 [PMID: 31705481] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Bryant J, Batis N, Franke AC et al. Repurposed quinacrine synergizes with cisplatin, reducing the effective dose required for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Oncotarget Aug 27 2019 [PMID: 31497252] (WB, Human)
• Ding Y, Dvornikov AV, Ma X et al. Haploinsufficiency of mechanistic target of rapamycin ameliorates bag3 cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish Dis Model Mech Sep 6 2019 [PMID: 31492659] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Yong T, Zhang X, Bie N et al. Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy Nat Commun Aug 23 2019 [PMID: 31444335] (WB, Human)
• Gregosa A, Vinuesa A, Todero MF et al. Periodic dietary restriction ameliorates amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in PDAPP-J20 mice: Potential implication of glial autophagy Neurobiol. Dis. Jul 24 2019 [PMID: 31351172] (ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Liou YF, Chen PN, Chu SC et al. Thymoquinone suppresses the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and reduces cell stemness Environ. Toxicol. Jul 12 2019 [PMID: 31298468]
• Di Pardo A, Pepe G, Castaldo S et al. Stimulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) Is Beneficial in a Huntington's Disease Pre-clinical Model Front Mol Neurosci Apr 24 2019 [PMID: 31068790] (WB, Mouse)
• Morelli, MB;Amantini, C;Tomassoni, D;Nabissi, M;Arcella, A;Santoni, G; Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 Channels in Glioblastoma: Role in Patient's Survival Cancers (Basel) Apr 12 2019 [PMID: 31013784] (WB, Human)
• Zhang R, Varela M, Vallentgoed W et al. The selective autophagy receptors Optineurin and p62 are both required for zebrafish host resistance to mycobacterial infection PLoS Pathog. 2019 Feb 27 [PMID: 30818338] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Hoffmann AC, Minakaki G, Menges S et al. Extracellular aggregated alpha synuclein primarily triggers lysosomal dysfunction in neural cells prevented by trehalose. Sci Rep Jan 24 2019 [PMID: 30679445] (WB, Human)
• Minakaki G, Canneva F, Chevessier F et al. Treadmill exercise intervention improves gait and postural control in alpha-synuclein mouse models without inducing cerebral autophagy. Behav. Brain Res. Dec 29 2018 [PMID: 30599154] (WB, Mouse)
• Hollins SL, Brock L, Barreto R et al. A Rodent Model of Anxiety: The Effect of Perinatal Immune Challenges on Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Integrity. Neuroimmunomodulation. Nov 9 2018 [PMID: 30415249] (IHC, Rat)
• Hanemaaijer E, Panahi M, Swaddiwudhipong N et al. Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells. European Journal of Cell Biology. Oct 1 2018 [PMID: 30392756] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Ozturk DG, kocak M, Akcay A et al. MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress. Autophagy. Oct 5 2018 [PMID: 30290719] (WB, Human)
• Hirt J, Porter K, Dixon A et al. Contribution of autophagy to ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in the DBA/2J spontaneous glaucoma mouse model. Cell Death Discovery Jul 17 2018 [PMID: 30210817] (WB, Mouse)
• Schaffner I, Minakaki G, Khan MA et al. FoxO Function Is Essential for Maintenance of Autophagic Flux and Neuronal Morphogenesis in Adult Neurogenesis. Neuron Sep 19 2018 [PMID: 30197237] (WB, Mouse)
• Maier L, Kallenberger S, Jechow K et al. Unraveling mitotic protein networks by 3D multiplexed epitope drug screening bioRxiv [PMID: 30104419] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Battista RA, Resnati M, Facchi C et al. Autophagy mediates epithelial cancer chemoresistance by reducing p62/SQSTM1 accumulation PLoS ONE Aug 1 2018 [PMID: 30067838] (WB, Human)
• Kustermann M, Manta L, Paone C et al. Loss of the novel Vcp (valosin containing protein) interactor Washc4 interferes with autophagy-mediated proteostasis in striated muscle and leads to myopathy in vivo. Autophagy Aug 16 2018 [PMID: 30010465] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Lu JM, Dong WM, He HC et al. Autophagy induced by overexpression of DCTPP1 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Jun 3 2018 [PMID: 29874556] (Human)
• Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Kahana A. Autophagy in Zebrafish Extraocular Muscle Regeneration Methods Mol. Biol. May 24 2018 [PMID: 29797006] (Zebrafish)
• Chmielewska M, Dedukh D, Haczkiewicz K et al. The programmed DNA elimination and formation of micronuclei in germ line cells of the natural hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus Sci Rep [PMID: 29777142] (ICC/IF, Amphibian)
  
  Details:
  Pelophylax kl. esculentus (common water frog), Pelophylax lessonae (pool frog), Pelophylax ridibundus (marsh frog)
• Lim H, Lim YM, Kim KH et al. A novel autophagy enhancer as a therapeutic agent against metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Nat Commun Apr 12 2018 [PMID: 29650965] (WB, Human)
• Anunobi R, Boone BA, Cheh N et al. Extracellular DNA promotes colorectal tumor cell survival after cytotoxic chemotherapy. J. Surg. Res. Jun 1 2018 [PMID: 29605400] (WB, ICC/IF)
• Fusco C, Mandriani B, Di Rienzo M et al. TRIM50 regulates Beclin 1 proautophagic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018 Jun [PMID: 29604308]
• Jeong AL, Ka HI, Han S et al. Oncoprotein CIP2A promotes the disassembly of primary cilia and inhibits glycolytic metabolism. EMBO Rep. Feb 28 2018 [PMID: 29491003] (WB)
• Karanasios E, Ktistakis NT. Studying Autophagy: List of Useful Antibodies Produced via a Community Effort. Autophagy at the Cell, Tissue and Organismal Level. 2016 Apr 24
• Gawande DY, S Narasimhan KK, Bhatt JM et al. Glutamate delta 1 receptor regulates autophagy mechanisms and affects excitatory synapse maturation in the somatosensory cortex Pharmacological research Mar 15 2022 [PMID: 35304260] (WB, Mouse)
• Abdelrahman RS, El-Tanbouly GS Protocatechuic acid protects against thioacetamide-induced chronic liver injury and encephalopathy in mice via modulating mTOR, p53 and the IL-6/ IL-17/ IL-23 immunoinflammatory pathway Toxicology and applied pharmacology Feb 22 2022 [PMID: 35202709] (Flow, Mouse)
• yin R, Wang H, Li C et al. Induction of apoptosis and autosis in cardiomyocytes by the combination of homocysteine and copper via NOX-mediated p62 expression Cell death discovery Feb 21 2022 [PMID: 35190552]
• Xu Z, Fu T, Guo Q et al. Disuse-associated loss of the protease LONP1 in muscle impairs mitochondrial function and causes reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength Nature communications Feb 16 2022 [PMID: 35173176] (WB, Mouse)
• Lee H, Kwon YJ, Jin H et al. Anticancer activity and metabolic profile alterations by ortho-topolin riboside in in vitro and in vivo models of non-small cell lung cancer FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Feb 1 2022 [PMID: 35066937]
• Asare PF, Tran HB, Hurtado PR et al. Inhibition of LC3-associated phagocytosis in COPD and in response to cigarette smoke Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease Dec 2 2021 [PMID: 34852704] (IHC-P, ICC/IF, Mouse, Human)
• Lu J, Zhong C, Luo J Et al. HnRNP-L-regulated circCSPP1/miR-520h/EGR1 axis modulates autophagy and promotes progression in prostate cancer Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids Dec 1 2021 [PMID: 34760337] (WB, Human)
• Nurmi K, Niemi K, Kareinen I Et al. Native and oxidised lipoproteins negatively regulate the serum amyloid A-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages Clinical & translational immunology Aug 3 2021 [PMID: 34377468] (WB, Human)
• Li Lp, Zhong J, Li Mh Et Al. Disruption of MAP7D1 Gene Function Increases the Risk of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure BioMed research international Jul 15 2021 [PMID: 34327238] (WB)
• Bowles Kr, Silva Mc, Whitney K Et Al. ELAVL4, splicing, and glutamatergic dysfunction precede neuron loss in MAPT mutation cerebral organoids Cell Jul 21 2021 [PMID: 34314701] (WB)
• Amaya C, Cameron Cjf, Devarkar Sc Et Al. Nodal modulator (NOMO) is required to sustain endoplasmic reticulum morphology The Journal of biological chemistry Jul 3 2021 [PMID: 34224731] (WB)
• Cachon-Gonzalez Mb, Wang S, Cox Tm Expression of Ripk1 and DAM genes correlates with severity and progression of Krabbe disease Human molecular genetics Jun 25 2021 [PMID: 34172992] (IHC)
• Sayed WM, Elzainy A Impact of platelet-rich plasma versus selenium in ameliorating induced toxicity in rat testis: histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular study Cell and tissue research Apr 1 2021 [PMID: 33791879] (WB, Rat)
• Kang HK, Sarsenova M, Kim DH et al. Establishing a 3D In Vitro Hepatic Model Mimicking Physiologically Relevant to In Vivo State Cells May 20 2021 [PMID: 34065411] (WB, Human)
• Jiang R, Smailovic U, Haytural H et al. Decorin is an early CSF biomarker of Alzheimer’s A beta amyloidosis Research Square Mar 2 2021 (WB, Mouse)
• Kim J, Kim SH, Kang H et al. TFEB-GDF15 axis protects against obesity and insulin resistance as a lysosomal stress response Nature metabolism Mar 1 2021 [PMID: 33758420]
• Huang Y, Liu HT, Yuan Y et al. Exercise Preconditioning Increases Beclin1 and Induces Autophagy to Promote Early Myocardial Protection via Intermittent Myocardial Ischemia-Hypoxia International heart journal Mar 30 2021 [PMID: 33678798] (WB, Rat)
• Manganelli V, Capozzi A, Recalchi S et al. The Role of Cardiolipin as a Scaffold Mitochondrial Phospholipid in Autophagosome Formation: In Vitro Evidence Biomolecules Feb 5 2021 [PMID: 33562550] (WB, Human)
• Ordog K, Horvath O, Eros K, et al. Mitochondrial protective effects of PARP-inhibition in hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling and in stressed cardiomyocytes Life sciences Jan 6 2021 [PMID: 33421523] (WB, Rat)
• Zhuang L, Ly R, Rosl F, Niebler M p53 Is Regulated in a Biphasic Manner in Hypoxic Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16)-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells International journal of molecular sciences Dec 15 2020 [PMID: 33333786] (WB, Human)
• Pargianas M, Kosmas I, Papageorgiou K et al. Follicle inhibition at the primordial stage without increasing apoptosis, with a combination of everolimus, verapamil Mol Biol Rep Oct 20 2020 [PMID: 33079326]
• Moon Y, Kim I, Chang S et al. Sigma-1 receptor regulates mitophagy in dopaminergic neurons and contributes to dopaminergic protection Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech Oct 26 2020 [PMID: 33035707] (ChIP, WB, Human, Mouse)
• Manganelli V, Matarrese P, Antonioli M et al. Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs Autophagy Oct 23 2020 [PMID: 33034545] (WB, Human)
• Fucci C, Resnati M, Riva E et al. The Interaction of the Tumor Suppressor FAM46C with p62 and FNDC3 Proteins Integrates Protein and Secretory Homeostasis Cell Rep Sep 22 2020 [PMID: 32966780]
• Dong W, Luo Y, Zhang G et al. Carbon Nanospheres Exert Antitumor Effects Associated with Downregulation of 4E-BP1 Expression on Prostate Cancer Int J Nanomedicine Aug 5 2020 [PMID: 32848387] (WB, Human)
• Nettesheim A, Dixon A, Shim MS et al. Autophagy in the Aging and Experimental Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Aug 3 2020 [PMID: 32797200] (WB, Mouse)
• Pomilio C, Gorojod R M et al. Microglial autophagy is impaired by prolonged exposure to beta-amyloid peptides: evidence from experimental models and Alzheimer's disease patients. Geroscience Jan 4 2020 [PMID: 31975051] (ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Chmielewska M, Dedukh D, Haczkiewicz K et al. The programmed DNA elimination and formation of micronuclei in germ line cells of the natural hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus Sci Rep [PMID: 29777142] (ICC/IF, Amphibian)
  
  Details:
  Pelophylax kl. esculentus (common water frog), Pelophylax lessonae (pool frog), Pelophylax ridibundus (marsh frog)
• Pernas L, Bean C et al. Mitochondria Restrict Growth of the Intracellular Parasite Toxoplasma gondii by Limiting Its Uptake of Fatty Acids. Cell Metab Mar 4 2018 [PMID: 29617646] (WB, Mouse)
• Lu J, Zhong C, Shu F, et al. HnRNP-L regulated circCSPP1/miR-520h/EGR1 axis modulates autophagy and promotes progression in prostate cancer Research Square Jan 19 2021 (WB)
• Piacentini M, Baiocchini A, Del Nonno F, Melino G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity is modulated by transglutaminase type 2. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Feb 15 [PMID: 29449533] (WB, Mouse)
• Inomata Y, Nagasaka S, Miyate K, Goto Y. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an enhancer of small heat shock protein turnover via activation of autophagy in the heart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2018 Feb 19 [PMID: 29409895] (WB, Mouse)
• Festa BP, Chen Z, Berquez M et al. Impaired autophagy bridges lysosomal storage disease and epithelial dysfunction in the kidney Nat Commun 2018 Jan 11 [PMID: 29323117] (WB, Zebrafish)
• NAger M, SallAn MC, Visa A et al. Inhibition of WNT-CTNNB1 signaling upregulates SQSTM1 and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to autophagy blockers Autophagy. 2018 Feb 20 [PMID: 29313411] (WB, Human)
• Watanabe S, Komine O, Endo F et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of Cystatin C ameliorates disease in SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. J. Neurochem. 2017 Dec 28 [PMID: 29282717] (WB, Mouse)
• Palucci I, Matic I, Falasca L et al. Transglutaminase type 2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Intern. Med. 2017 Dec 04 [PMID: 29205566] (Mouse)
• Minakaki G, Menges S, Kittel A et al. Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype. Autophagy 2017 Dec 04 [PMID: 29198173] (WB, Mouse)
• Jiang MY, Han ZD, Li W et al. Mitochondrion-associated protein peroxiredoxin 3 promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia through autophagy suppression and pyroptosis activation Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 06 [PMID: 29113303] (WB, Human)
• Desseille C, Deforges S, Biondi O et al. Specific Physical Exercise Improves Energetic Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Amyotrophic-Lateral-Sclerosis Mice. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2017 Oct 20 [PMID: 29104532] (WB, Mouse)
• Theofilas P, Ehrenberg AJ, Nguy A et al. Probing the correlation of neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and cell death markers across the Alzheimer's disease Braak stages: a quantitative study in humans. Neurobiol. Aging. 2017 Sep 20 [PMID: 29031088] (ICC/IF, IHC, Human)
• Kaverina N, Borovjagin AV, Kadagidze Z et al. Astrocytes promote progression of breast cancer metastases to the brain via a KISS1-mediated autophagy. Autophagy. 2017 Oct 05 [PMID: 28981380] (ICC/IF)
• Agarwal AK, Tunison K, Dalal JS et al. Metabolic, Reproductive, and Neurologic Abnormalities in Agpat1-Null Mice Endocrinology. 2017 Oct 31 [PMID: 28973305] (WB, Mouse)
• Solanas G, Peixoto FO, Perdiguero E et al. Aged Stem Cells Reprogram Their Daily Rhythmic Functions to Adapt to Stress Cell 2017 Aug 10 [PMID: 28802040] (Mouse)
• Benitez BA, Sands MS. Primary fibroblasts from CSPalpha mutation carriers recapitulate hallmarks of the adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Sci Rep 2017 Jul 24 [PMID: 28740222] (WB, Human)
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  Details:
  LC3/MAP1LC3A antibody used for WB on lysates of S1S2 cells (derived from founder H4/Tetoff cells) and differentiated Lund human mesencephalic/Luhmes cells treated or not with 3 mM ATP or 200 nM bafilomycin A1 for 48 hours (Fig. 6B and Fig. 6E).
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  Details:
  LC3 antibody used for WB on MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells treated or not with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, an histone deacetylase inhibitor), sesquiterpene lactone Parthenolide (Pn) and bafilomycin A1 (BafA1, a powerful inhibitor of the autophagic flux). WB data is shown in Figure 3b.
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  Details:
  LC3 antibody used for WB in hearts from mice injected with PBS, miR-Co or miR-144 (Figure 2b).
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Reviews for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331) (22)

Average Rating: 4.3

(Based on 22 reviews)

We have 22 reviews tested in 5 species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Human and Mouse, Other.

reviewed by: Lucia Lisi Immunocytochemistry Human 05/21/2021

Summary

• Application: Immunocytochemistry
• Sample Tested: Human microglia cell lysate,Human microglia
• Species: Human
• Lot: AK

reviewed by: Lucia Lisi Western Blot Rat 05/21/2021

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: MICROGLIA
• Species: Rat
• Lot: AK

reviewed by: Eric Wang Western Blot Human 06/09/2020

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: THP-1 cell lysate
• Species: Human
• Lot: AB-3

Comments

• Comments: The antibody works great to detect the LC3 from THP-1 cell lysates

reviewed by: Marie Lassont Western Blot Mouse 01/29/2019

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: lysed cell lines, Sample Amount: 20 ug
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: A6-NB100-2331

reviewed by: Liyong Zhang Western Blot Human and Mouse 11/25/2017

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells
• Species: Human and Mouse
• Lot: AC-1

reviewed by: Du Jiuju Western Blot Mouse 08/07/2017

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: H6-NB100-2331

reviewed by: Verified Customer Western Blot Mouse 10/06/2015

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse Neuro2A, Mouse Cortical Neurons whole cell lysate
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: R-4

reviewed by: Ilya Ulasov Western Blot Human 01/12/2015

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: human glioblastoma
• Species: Human

reviewed by: cynthia morimoto Western Blot Mouse 12/12/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: See PMID 22892563
• Species: Mouse

reviewed by: Bindi Patel Immunofluorescence Mouse 11/25/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunofluorescence
• Sample Tested: NIH3T3, HeLa, HEK293T, N2a neuroblastoma, Q7 striatal, Sy5Y neuroblastoma
• Species: Mouse

reviewed by: Verified Customer Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 10/04/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
• Lot: S-1

reviewed by: Verified Customer Western Blot Human 06/30/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: human tumor cells
• Species: Human
• Lot: q-1

reviewed by: Fabio Di Domenico Western Blot Human 06/20/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Species: Human

reviewed by: Verified Customer Western Blot Human 04/02/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Species: Human
• Lot: S-2

reviewed by: Verified Customer Immunohistochemistry Mouse 08/13/2012

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry
• Sample Tested: Renal tissue (paraffin block)
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: N

reviewed by: Jay Kao Western Blot Human 12/28/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human

reviewed by: Ming-Tsang Chiao Western Blot Human 11/21/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human

reviewed by: Ming-Shiou Jan Western Blot Human 11/21/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human

reviewed by: Che-Hsu Lee Western Blot Mouse 10/24/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse
• Species: Mouse

reviewed by: Verified Customer Western Blot Mouse 07/08/2010

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: 3T3-L1 adipocyte, Sample Amount: 30ug
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: H2

reviewed by: System Admin Western Blot Other 11/05/2009

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: lysed cell lines, Sample Amount: 20 ug
• Species: Other
• Lot: J

reviewed by: System Admin Western Blot Human 02/18/2009

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human cancer cells, Sample Amount: 80ug
• Species: Human
• Lot: SS

FAQs for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331). (Showing 1 - 3 of 3 FAQs).

1. May we ask if it is possible to perform IF to stain LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors?
   • Yes, it is possible to perform IF stain for LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors! You will have to use two different primary antibodies and in order to avoid any potential background/cross reactivity issues, I would suggest that you employ conjugated primary antibodies for the testing. 1. Our LC3I antibody (NBP1-78964) has been designed to specifically detect the cytosolic form of the LC3 protein which is actually LC3 I (Note: LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes). 2. There is not even a single antibody to our knowledge that would exclusively detect the LC3 II form, and you would have to detect LC3II/ autophagic membranes form with an antibody which detects LC3 I/LC3II together. Therefore you may opt second antibody from one of the followings: LC3 Antibody (NB100-2220), LC3 Antibody (NB100-2331), LC3 Antibody (NBP1-19167). All of these mentioned catalog #s come with different options for their conjugated forms and you may select appropriate conjugated forms for performing the IF staining using our explained criteria.
2. I am interested in detecting the LC3 protein in the sea anemone Aiptasia. I have used your LC3 antibody (NB100-2331) and got a band in my Western blot at around 15 kD, which seems reasonable. However I would like to know how likely it is that your antibody binds to the LC3 protein of Aiptasia? Unfortunately I could not find the protein sequence against which the LC3 antibody was raised to and am hoping you could help me. The protein sequence for the Aiptasia LC3 is: MGDNNVLSYKPFKQRKSFVSRRDEVAGIRAKFPSKVPVIVERYHKERDLPLLDKTKFLVPQELTMSQFVTIIRNRMSLSS TQAFYLIVNNKSLASMSMTMAELYREEKDEDGFLYMVYASQEMFGCNS
   • In comparing the sequences of the human LC3 and Aiptasia proteins, and it seems as though there is very low homology. There is only 62% sequence similarity, and we generally don't recommend antibodies for novel species unless they have at least 85%. There is a chance that it will work, but we cannot guarantee it.
3. Do you have any data or reason to believe the your LC3 antibody (NB100-2331) has a higher affinity to LC3-II than to LC3-I?
   • No, we do not have any data or reason to believe that NB100-2331 has a higher affinity to LC3-II than to LC3-I. This antibody was raised using a synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of the human LC3 protein sequence (between residues 25-121) as an immunogen and is expected to detect both LC3-I as well as LC3-II, and their signal will depend upon their respective amounts being present in your samples at the time of detection.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: MAP1LC3A