LC3A Antibody

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - High autophagosome concentration is consumed during early immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated under osteogenic conditions (see Materials and methods) and assayed for changes in LC3I and LC3II during a 72-hour window. Cells were differentiated under standard conditions (top) or with addition of 5 uM rapamycin (middle) or 5 nM bafilomycin (bottom) for the first 3 hours of differentiation to modulate autophagy. Immunoblots were performed for LC3 at the indicated time points to assess autophagosome degradation via relative changes in LC3II (lower band; 17 kDa). Studies were repeated three times with similar trends seen consistently. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//stemcellres.com/content/5/6/140), licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Analysis in PFA fixed NIH/3T3 cells using anti-LC3A antibody. Image from verified customer review.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Staining in mouse meniscus and cartilage. Image from verified customer review.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Autophagy mobilized during differentiation of immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (ihMSCs). Cultured ihMSCs were stimulated to undergo osteogenesis to form osteoblasts for 30 days at 21% and 4% oxygen. LC3I and LC3II levels were assessed via immunoblot every 10 days and normalized to beta-actin to derive average LC3II band densities. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//stemcellres.com/content/5/6/140), licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows Analysis in human cell lysates.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows analysis of heart tissue lysates from mice which were subjected or not to 48 hours of starvation. The signal was developed using ECL method and this LC3 antibody was found to detect both forms of LC3, i.e. LC3A and LC3B. As expected, the levels of LC3B form were higher in the heart tissue lysates from starved mice.

Western Blot: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Detection of HRP conjugated autophagic LC3 in mouse ES cell lysate. The atg5-/- lane (ES cells, cultured to form embryonic bodies, that are deficient in conversion of LC3-1 to LC3-11) demonstrates the specificity of NB 100-2331, as there is no detection of LC3-11. Photo courtesy of Dr. Beth Levine, UT Southwestern Medical Center.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - This LC3A antibody Image shows an analysis in HeLa cells using anti-LC3 antibody (red). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Left panel shows untreated HeLa cells. Right panel shows HeLa cells that were treated with 50 uM CQ overnight. Cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-LC3A antibody at 5 ug/mL overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Rapamycin increases autophagy in brains of PDAPP mice. Representative epifluorescent (c200x) image of hippocampal CA1 in control- and rapamycin-fed transgenic PDAPP mice stained with an anti-LC3 antibody. An increase in LC3-immunoreactive puncta was observed in CA1 projections of transgenic PDAPP mice following rapamycin administration. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009979) licensed under a CC-BY licence.

Immunohistochemistry: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Analysis in mouse renal tissue. Image from verifed customer review.

Simple Western: LC3A Antibody [NB100-2331] - Image shows a specific band for LC3 in 0.5 mg/mL of Neuro2A lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt, Am, Ca, Fi, Pl, Ze, Bv
• Applications: WB, Simple Western, ChIP, ELISA, Flow, IB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr, IHC-P, IP, SB, IHC-WhMt
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml

LC3A Antibody Summary

• Immunogen: This LC3A Antibody was prepared from a synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of the human LC3 protein sequence (between residues 25-121). [Uniprot: Q9H492].
• Localization: LC3-I is cytoplasmic. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes.
• Marker: Autophagosome Marker
• Specificity: This LC3A Antibody detects both LC3A and LC3B.
• Predicted Species: Bovine (100%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: MAP1LC3A
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot
  • Simple Western 1:50
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • ELISA
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Immunoblotting
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence 1:100-1:300
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:200-1:400
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:200-1:400
  • Immunoprecipitation 20 ug / 500 ug of lysate
  • Southern Blot
  • Immunohistochemistry Whole-Mount
• Application Notes: Western blot bands are seen at ~19 kDa, representing LC3-I, and ~17 kDa, representing LC3-II. The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. In ICC, cytoplasmic staining was observed in HeLa cells. Use in immunocytochemistry (PMID: 21545732). and Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin (PMID: 26571030). reported in scientific literature. Use in Flow cytometry reported in scientific literature ( PMID: 24419333).. Use in ELISA reported in scientific literature (PMID: 20930550).. Use in Immunohistochemistry-Whole mount reported in scientific literature (PMID: 31783118).. Use in Southern blot reported in scientific literature (PMID: 21262964).. Use in immunoblotting reported in scientific literature (PMID: 28253371).. In Simple Western only 10 - 15 uL of the recommended dilution is used per data point. Use in Chromatin Immunoprecipitation reported in scientific literature (PMID:33035707).
• Control:

  Mouse Brain Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal)
  Human Brain Whole Tissue Lysate (Adult Whole Normal)
  Neuro2a Whole Cell Lysate
  Neuro2a Chloroquine Treated / Untreated Cell Lysate
  HeLa Chloroquine Treated / Untreated Cell Lysate

Reactivity Notes

Use in Rat reported in scientific literature (PMID:33678798). Use in Amphibian reported in scientific literature (PMID:29777142).

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Aliquot and store at -20C or -80C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.02% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1.0 mg/ml
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Alternate Names for LC3A Antibody

• Apg8
• APG8a
• Apg8p3
• ATG8E
• Autophagy-related protein LC3 A
• Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier LC3 A
• LC3
• LC3A
• MAP1 light chain 3-like protein 1
• MAP1A/1B light chain 3 A
• MAP1A/MAP1B LC3 A
• MAP1A/MAP1B light chain 3 A
• MAP1ALC3
• MAP1BLC3
• MAP1LC3A
• Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha
• microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3
• microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A
• MLP3A

Background

Human Microtubule-associated Protein 1A/1B Light Chain 3A (MAP1LC3A), also called LC3A for short, is a 121 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretic molecular weight of ~14 kDa. LC3A belongs to the LC3 subfamily of Autophagy-related 8 (Atg8) proteins, which also includes LC3B and LC3C (1). The process of autophagy is the bulk degradation of proteins and organelles. Whether these three proteins have distinct roles in autophagy remains unclear, but they do have unique subcellular expression (2). Specifically, LC3A shows perinuclear and nuclear localization (2). The Atg8 family members share a similar structure of two amino-terminal alpha-helices and a ubiquitin-like core but are unique in aa sequence (1). LC3 utilizes a ubiquitin-like conjugation system to covalently bind to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), also called lipidation, which is mediated by a series of steps (1, 3). Briefly, unprocessed, cytosolic LC3 (pro-LC3) is cleaved by the cysteine protease Atg4 to expose a c-terminal glycine (Gly) residue (LC3-I); the Gly is activated by E1-like enzyme Atg7, transferred to E2-like enzyme Atg3, and an E3-like complex facilitates the conjugation of LC3 with PE (LC3-II), incorporating it into the phagophore membrane during autophagosome formation (1, 3). The recruitment of LC3 to the phagophore is thought to mediate membrane elongation and closure (1, 3). Additionally, LC3 plays a role in recruiting cargo (protein aggregates, pathogens, and organelles) to autophagosomes and delivery for lysosomal degradation (1).

The process of autophagy is associated with a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, neuromuscular, tumorigenesis, and viral and bacterial infections (4). LC3 is a useful marker of autophagy in both healthy and diseased cells (4). Interestingly, LC3A has two variants (v1 and v2) which differ in N-terminal sequence due to the varying transcriptional start sites (5). One particular study found that LC3Av1, but not v2 or LC3B, was silenced in various cancer cell lines due to aberrant DNA methylation and re-expression of LC3Av1 in LC3Av1-silenced cells inhibited tumor growth, where overall findings suggest a possible tumor-suppressive role (5).

Alternative names for LC3A include Apg8, APG8a, ATG8E, Autophagy-related protein LC3 A, Autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier LC3 A, MAP1A/1B light chain 3 A, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3, and MLP3A.

References

1. Shpilka, T., Weidberg, H., Pietrokovski, S., & Elazar, Z. (2011). Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family. Genome biology. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-7-226

2. Koukourakis, M. I., Kalamida, D., Giatromanolaki, A., Zois, C. E., Sivridis, E., Pouliliou, S., Mitrakas, A., Gatter, K. C., & Harris, A. L. (2015). Autophagosome Proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C Have Distinct Subcellular Distribution Kinetics and Expression in Cancer Cell Lines. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137675

3. Weidberg, H., Shvets, E., & Elazar, Z. (2011). Biogenesis and cargo selectivity of autophagosomes. Annual review of biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-052709-094552

4. Tanida, I., Ueno, T., & Kominami, E. (2004). LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009

5. Schaaf, M. B., Keulers, T. G., Vooijs, M. A., & Rouschop, K. M. (2016). LC3/GABARAP family proteins: autophagy-(un)related functions. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201600698R

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331)(264)

Publications using NB100-2331

• Kang HK, Sarsenova M, Kim DH et al. Establishing a 3D In Vitro Hepatic Model Mimicking Physiologically Relevant to In Vivo State Cells May 20 2021 [PMID: 34065411] (WB, Human)
• Sayed WM, Elzainy A Impact of platelet-rich plasma versus selenium in ameliorating induced toxicity in rat testis: histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular study Cell and tissue research Apr 1 2021 [PMID: 33791879] (WB, Rat)
• Kim J, Kim SH, Kang H et al. TFEB-GDF15 axis protects against obesity and insulin resistance as a lysosomal stress response Nature metabolism Mar 1 2021 [PMID: 33758420]
• Huang Y, Liu HT, Yuan Y et al. Exercise Preconditioning Increases Beclin1 and Induces Autophagy to Promote Early Myocardial Protection via Intermittent Myocardial Ischemia-Hypoxia International heart journal Mar 30 2021 [PMID: 33678798] (WB, Rat)
• Manganelli V, Capozzi A, Recalchi S et al. The Role of Cardiolipin as a Scaffold Mitochondrial Phospholipid in Autophagosome Formation: In Vitro Evidence Biomolecules Feb 5 2021 [PMID: 33562550] (WB, Human)
• Ordog K, Horvath O, Eros K, et al. Mitochondrial protective effects of PARP-inhibition in hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling and in stressed cardiomyocytes Life sciences Jan 6 2021 [PMID: 33421523] (WB, Rat)
• Pargianas M, Kosmas I, Papageorgiou K et al. Follicle inhibition at the primordial stage without increasing apoptosis, with a combination of everolimus, verapamil Mol Biol Rep Oct 20 2020 [PMID: 33079326]
• Zhuang L, Ly R, Rosl F, Niebler M p53 Is Regulated in a Biphasic Manner in Hypoxic Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16)-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells International journal of molecular sciences Dec 15 2020 [PMID: 33333786] (WB, Human)
• Moon Y, Kim I, Chang S et al. Sigma-1 receptor regulates mitophagy in dopaminergic neurons and contributes to dopaminergic protection Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech Oct 26 2020 [PMID: 33035707] (ChIP, WB, Human, Mouse)
• Fucci C, Resnati M, Riva E et al. The Interaction of the Tumor Suppressor FAM46C with p62 and FNDC3 Proteins Integrates Protein and Secretory Homeostasis Cell Rep Sep 22 2020 [PMID: 32966780]
• Manganelli V, Matarrese P, Antonioli M et al. Raft-like lipid microdomains drive autophagy initiation via AMBRA1-ERLIN1 molecular association within MAMs Autophagy Oct 23 2020 [PMID: 33034545] (WB, Human)
• Dong W, Luo Y, Zhang G et al. Carbon Nanospheres Exert Antitumor Effects Associated with Downregulation of 4E-BP1 Expression on Prostate Cancer Int J Nanomedicine Aug 5 2020 [PMID: 32848387] (WB, Human)
• Nettesheim A, Dixon A, Shim MS et al. Autophagy in the Aging and Experimental Ocular Hypertensive Mouse Model Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. Aug 3 2020 [PMID: 32797200] (WB, Mouse)
• Zhang R, Varela M, Forn-CunI G et al. Deficiency in the autophagy modulator Dram1 exacerbates pyroptotic cell death of Mycobacteria-infected macrophages Cell Death Dis Apr 24 2020 [PMID: 32332700] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Humphrey SA. DNA damage and oxidative stress induced-p53 activity in astrocytes causes growth arrest. 2012 University of Western Ontario.
• Fedele A, Proud C Chloroquine and bafilomycin A mimic lysosomal storage disorders and impair mTORC1 signalling. Biosci Rep. 2020 Apr 30 [PMID: 32285908] (WB, Human)
• Li W, Dai Y, Shi B et Al. LRPPRC sustains Yap-P27-mediated cell ploidy and P62-HDAC6-mediated autophagy maturation and suppresses genome instability and hepatocellular carcinomas Oncogene Mar 16 2020 [PMID: 32203162] (Mouse)
• Szekerczes T, Gogl A, Illyes I et Al. Autophagy, Mitophagy and MicroRNA Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C and Autoimmune Hepatitis Pathol. Oncol. Res. Mar 2 2020 [PMID: 32124227] (IHC-P, Human)
• Cai K Altered expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins during exercise preconditioning indicate the involvement of autophagy in cardioprotection against exercise-induced myocardial injury J Physiol Sci Feb 17 2020 [PMID: 32066368] (IHC, Rat)
• Pomilio C, Gorojod R M et al. Microglial autophagy is impaired by prolonged exposure to beta-amyloid peptides: evidence from experimental models and Alzheimer's disease patients. Geroscience Jan 4 2020 [PMID: 31975051] (ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Lindahl M, Chalazonitis A, Palm E et al. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor-deficiency leads to degeneration of enteric neurons and altered brain dopamine neuronal function in mice Neurobiol Dis. Nov 26 2019 [PMID: 31783118] (IHC-WhMt, Mouse)
• Sarnyai F, SzekerczEs T, Csala M et al. BGP-15 Protects Mitochondria in Acute, Acetaminophen Overdose Induced Liver Injury Pathol. Oncol. Res. Nov 8 2019 [PMID: 31705481] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Bryant J, Batis N, Franke AC et al. Repurposed quinacrine synergizes with cisplatin, reducing the effective dose required for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Oncotarget Aug 27 2019 [PMID: 31497252] (WB, Human)
• Ding Y, Dvornikov AV, Ma X et al. Haploinsufficiency of mechanistic target of rapamycin ameliorates bag3 cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish Dis Model Mech Sep 6 2019 [PMID: 31492659] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Yong T, Zhang X, Bie N et al. Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy Nat Commun Aug 23 2019 [PMID: 31444335] (WB, Human)
• Gregosa A, Vinuesa A, Todero MF et al. Periodic dietary restriction ameliorates amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in PDAPP-J20 mice: Potential implication of glial autophagy Neurobiol. Dis. Jul 24 2019 [PMID: 31351172] (ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Liou YF, Chen PN, Chu SC et al. Thymoquinone suppresses the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and reduces cell stemness Environ. Toxicol. Jul 12 2019 [PMID: 31298468]
• Di Pardo A, Pepe G, Castaldo S et al. Stimulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) Is Beneficial in a Huntington's Disease Pre-clinical Model Front Mol Neurosci Apr 24 2019 [PMID: 31068790] (WB, Mouse)
• Morelli, MB;Amantini, C;Tomassoni, D;Nabissi, M;Arcella, A;Santoni, G; Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 Channels in Glioblastoma: Role in Patient's Survival Cancers (Basel) Apr 12 2019 [PMID: 31013784] (WB, Human)
• Zhang R, Varela M, Vallentgoed W et al. The selective autophagy receptors Optineurin and p62 are both required for zebrafish host resistance to mycobacterial infection PLoS Pathog. 2019 Feb 27 [PMID: 30818338] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Hoffmann AC, Minakaki G, Menges S et al. Extracellular aggregated alpha synuclein primarily triggers lysosomal dysfunction in neural cells prevented by trehalose. Sci Rep Jan 24 2019 [PMID: 30679445] (WB, Human)
• Minakaki G, Canneva F, Chevessier F et al. Treadmill exercise intervention improves gait and postural control in alpha-synuclein mouse models without inducing cerebral autophagy. Behav. Brain Res. Dec 29 2018 [PMID: 30599154] (WB, Mouse)
• Hollins SL, Brock L, Barreto R et al. A Rodent Model of Anxiety: The Effect of Perinatal Immune Challenges on Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Integrity. Neuroimmunomodulation. Nov 9 2018 [PMID: 30415249] (IHC, Rat)
• Hanemaaijer E, Panahi M, Swaddiwudhipong N et al. Autophagy-lysosomal defect in human CADASIL vascular smooth muscle cells. European Journal of Cell Biology. Oct 1 2018 [PMID: 30392756] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Ozturk DG, kocak M, Akcay A et al. MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress. Autophagy. Oct 5 2018 [PMID: 30290719] (WB, Human)
• Hirt J, Porter K, Dixon A et al. Contribution of autophagy to ocular hypertension and neurodegeneration in the DBA/2J spontaneous glaucoma mouse model. Cell Death Discovery Jul 17 2018 [PMID: 30210817] (WB, Mouse)
• Schaffner I, Minakaki G, Khan MA et al. FoxO Function Is Essential for Maintenance of Autophagic Flux and Neuronal Morphogenesis in Adult Neurogenesis. Neuron Sep 19 2018 [PMID: 30197237] (WB, Mouse)
• Maier L, Kallenberger S, Jechow K et al. Unraveling mitotic protein networks by 3D multiplexed epitope drug screening bioRxiv [PMID: 30104419] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Battista RA, Resnati M, Facchi C et al. Autophagy mediates epithelial cancer chemoresistance by reducing p62/SQSTM1 accumulation PLoS ONE Aug 1 2018 [PMID: 30067838] (WB, Human)
• Kustermann M, Manta L, Paone C et al. Loss of the novel Vcp (valosin containing protein) interactor Washc4 interferes with autophagy-mediated proteostasis in striated muscle and leads to myopathy in vivo. Autophagy Aug 16 2018 [PMID: 30010465] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Lu JM, Dong WM, He HC et al. Autophagy induced by overexpression of DCTPP1 promotes tumor progression and predicts poor clinical outcome in prostate cancer Int. J. Biol. Macromol. Jun 3 2018 [PMID: 29874556] (Human)
• Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Kahana A. Autophagy in Zebrafish Extraocular Muscle Regeneration Methods Mol. Biol. May 24 2018 [PMID: 29797006] (Zebrafish)
• Chmielewska M, Dedukh D, Haczkiewicz K et al. The programmed DNA elimination and formation of micronuclei in germ line cells of the natural hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus Sci Rep [PMID: 29777142] (ICC/IF, Amphibian)
  
  Details:
  Pelophylax kl. esculentus (common water frog), Pelophylax lessonae (pool frog), Pelophylax ridibundus (marsh frog)
• Jiang R, Smailovic U, Haytural H et al. Decorin is an early CSF biomarker of Alzheimer’s A beta amyloidosis Research Square Mar 2 2021 (WB, Mouse)
• Lu J, Zhong C, Shu F, et al. HnRNP-L regulated circCSPP1/miR-520h/EGR1 axis modulates autophagy and promotes progression in prostate cancer Research Square Jan 19 2021 (WB)
• Chmielewska M, Dedukh D, Haczkiewicz K et al. The programmed DNA elimination and formation of micronuclei in germ line cells of the natural hybridogenetic water frog Pelophylax esculentus Sci Rep [PMID: 29777142] (ICC/IF, Amphibian)
  
  Details:
  Pelophylax kl. esculentus (common water frog), Pelophylax lessonae (pool frog), Pelophylax ridibundus (marsh frog)
• Lim H, Lim YM, Kim KH et al. A novel autophagy enhancer as a therapeutic agent against metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Nat Commun Apr 12 2018 [PMID: 29650965] (WB, Human)
• Pernas L, Bean C et al. Mitochondria Restrict Growth of the Intracellular Parasite Toxoplasma gondii by Limiting Its Uptake of Fatty Acids. Cell Metab Mar 4 2018 [PMID: 29617646] (WB, Mouse)
• Anunobi R, Boone BA, Cheh N et al. Extracellular DNA promotes colorectal tumor cell survival after cytotoxic chemotherapy. J. Surg. Res. Jun 1 2018 [PMID: 29605400] (WB, ICC/IF)
• Fusco C, Mandriani B, Di Rienzo M et al. TRIM50 regulates Beclin 1 proautophagic activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018 Jun [PMID: 29604308]
• Jeong AL, Ka HI, Han S et al. Oncoprotein CIP2A promotes the disassembly of primary cilia and inhibits glycolytic metabolism. EMBO Rep. Feb 28 2018 [PMID: 29491003] (WB)
• Piacentini M, Baiocchini A, Del Nonno F, Melino G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity is modulated by transglutaminase type 2. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Feb 15 [PMID: 29449533] (WB, Mouse)
• Inomata Y, Nagasaka S, Miyate K, Goto Y. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is an enhancer of small heat shock protein turnover via activation of autophagy in the heart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2018 Feb 19 [PMID: 29409895] (WB, Mouse)
• Festa BP, Chen Z, Berquez M et al. Impaired autophagy bridges lysosomal storage disease and epithelial dysfunction in the kidney Nat Commun 2018 Jan 11 [PMID: 29323117] (WB, Zebrafish)
• NAger M, SallAn MC, Visa A et al. Inhibition of WNT-CTNNB1 signaling upregulates SQSTM1 and sensitizes glioblastoma cells to autophagy blockers Autophagy. 2018 Feb 20 [PMID: 29313411] (WB, Human)
• Watanabe S, Komine O, Endo F et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of Cystatin C ameliorates disease in SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. J. Neurochem. 2017 Dec 28 [PMID: 29282717] (WB, Mouse)
• Palucci I, Matic I, Falasca L et al. Transglutaminase type 2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Intern. Med. 2017 Dec 04 [PMID: 29205566] (Mouse)
• Minakaki G, Menges S, Kittel A et al. Autophagy inhibition promotes SNCA/alpha-synuclein release and transfer via extracellular vesicles with a hybrid autophagosome-exosome-like phenotype. Autophagy 2017 Dec 04 [PMID: 29198173] (WB, Mouse)
• Jiang MY, Han ZD, Li W et al. Mitochondrion-associated protein peroxiredoxin 3 promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia through autophagy suppression and pyroptosis activation Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 06 [PMID: 29113303] (WB, Human)
• Desseille C, Deforges S, Biondi O et al. Specific Physical Exercise Improves Energetic Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Amyotrophic-Lateral-Sclerosis Mice. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2017 Oct 20 [PMID: 29104532] (WB, Mouse)
• Theofilas P, Ehrenberg AJ, Nguy A et al. Probing the correlation of neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and cell death markers across the Alzheimer's disease Braak stages: a quantitative study in humans. Neurobiol. Aging. 2017 Sep 20 [PMID: 29031088] (ICC/IF, IHC, Human)
• Kaverina N, Borovjagin AV, Kadagidze Z et al. Astrocytes promote progression of breast cancer metastases to the brain via a KISS1-mediated autophagy. Autophagy. 2017 Oct 05 [PMID: 28981380] (ICC/IF)
• Agarwal AK, Tunison K, Dalal JS et al. Metabolic, Reproductive, and Neurologic Abnormalities in Agpat1-Null Mice Endocrinology. 2017 Oct 31 [PMID: 28973305] (WB, Mouse)
• Solanas G, Peixoto FO, Perdiguero E et al. Aged Stem Cells Reprogram Their Daily Rhythmic Functions to Adapt to Stress Cell 2017 Aug 10 [PMID: 28802040] (Mouse)
• Benitez BA, Sands MS. Primary fibroblasts from CSPalpha mutation carriers recapitulate hallmarks of the adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Sci Rep 2017 Jul 24 [PMID: 28740222] (WB, Human)
• McLendon P M, Davis G et al. An Unbiased High-Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Effectors That Impact on Cardiomyocyte Aggregate Levels. Circ Res Jan 9 2017 [PMID: 28655832] (WB, Rat)
• Nazim UM, Moon JH, Lee YJ et al. PPARy activation by troglitazone enhances human lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via autophagy flux. Oncotarget Apr 18 2017 [PMID: 28460464] (WB, Human)
• Massimini M, Palmieri C et al. 17-AAG and Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Mitophagy in Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Vet Pathol Jan 5 2017 [PMID: 28438108] (ICC/IF, WB, Canine)
• Fu Qiang, Chen Kang, Zhu Qian et al. Beta-catenin promotes intracellular bacterial killing via suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-triggered macrophage autophagy. The Journal of International Medical Research 2017 Apr [PMID: 28415949] (WB, Mouse)
• Bae SY, Byun S, Bae SH et al. TPT1 (tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1) negatively regulates autophagy through the BECN1 interactome and an MTORC1-mediated pathway. Autophagy. Feb 15 2017 [PMID: 28409693] (WB, Mouse)
• Yue F, Li W, Zou J et al. Spermidine prolongs lifespan and prevents liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by activating MAP1S-mediated autophagy. Cancer Res. Apr 6 2017 [PMID: 28386016] (WB, Human)
• Lopez A, Lee SE, Wojta K et al. A152T tau allele causes neurodegeneration that can be ameliorated in a zebrafish model by autophagy induction. Brain. Feb 9 2017 [PMID: 28334843] (WB, Fish)
• Mattoscio D, Casadio C, Miccolo C et al. Autophagy regulates UBC9 levels during viral-mediated tumorigenesis. PLoS Pathog. Mar 1 2017 [PMID: 28253371] (IB, Human)
• Garcia-Prat L, Munoz-Canoves P, Martinez-Vicente M. Monitoring Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells. Methods Mol. Biol. Mar 1 2017 [PMID: 28247355] (Mouse)
• Schulze U, Vollenbroker B, Kuhnl A et al. Cellular vacuolization caused by overexpression of the PIKfyve-binding deficient Vac14(L156R) is rescued by starvation and inhibition of vacuolar-ATPase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2017 Feb 16 [PMID: 28216340] (ICC/IF)
• Suzuki J, Nakajima W, Suzuki H et al. Chaperone-mediated autophagy promotes lung cancer cell survival through selective stabilization of the pro-survival protein, MCL1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Dec 7 2016 [PMID: 27939888] (WB, Human)
• Nuschke A, Rodrigues M, Wells AW et al. Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are glycolytic and thus glucose is a limiting factor of in vitro models of MSC starvation Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016 Nov 30 [PMID: 27906055] (WB, Mouse)
• Lu Y, Liu XF, Liu TR et al. Celecoxib exerts antitumor effects in HL-60 acute leukemia cells and inhibits autophagy by affecting lysosome function. Biomed. Pharmacother. Nov 21 2016 [PMID: 27884749] (Human)
• Lee S-, Kang J-, Kim S- et al. Afzelin ameliorates Dgalactosamine and lipopolysaccharideinduced fulminant hepatic failure by modulating mitochondrial quality control and dynamics. British Journal of Pharmacology. Nov 15 2016 [PMID: 27861739] (WB, Mouse, Plant)
• Shingu T, Ho AL, Yuan L et al. Qki deficiency maintains stemness of glioma stem cells in suboptimal environment by downregulating endolysosomal degradation. Nat. Genet. Nov 14 2016 [PMID: 27841882] (WB, Mouse)
• Jiang C, Jin S, Jiang Z, Wang J. Inhibitory effects of silibinin on proliferation and lung metastasis of human high metastasis cell line of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma via autophagy induction. Onco Targets Ther. Nov 8 2016 [PMID: 27822066] (Mouse)
• Zhang D, Pan J, Xiang X et al. Protein Kinase Cdelta Suppresses Autophagy to Induce Kidney Cell Apoptosis in Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. Oct 31 2016 [PMID: 27799485]
• Song X, Xie Y, Kang R et al. FANCD2 protects against bone marrow injury from ferroptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Nov 18 2016 [PMID: 27773819]
• Liu P, Jin H, Guo Z et al. Silver nanoparticles outperform gold nanoparticles in radiosensitizing U251 cells in vitro and in an intracranial mouse model of glioma. Int J Nanomedicine. Oct 19 2016 [PMID: 27757033] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Benvenuto M, Mattera R, Masuelli L et al. Gossypol induces apoptosis and autophagy in head and neck carcinoma cell lines and inhibits the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells in BALB/c mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr Sep 27 2016 [PMID: 27670669]
• Morell C, Bort A, Vara-Ciruelos D et al. Up-Regulated Expression of LAMP2 and Autophagy Activity during Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells PLoS ONE Sep 15 2016 [PMID: 27627761] (WB, Human)
• Yamada E, Okada S, Bastie CC et al. Fyn phosphorylates AMPK to inhibit AMPK activity and AMP-dependent activation of autophagy. Oncotarget Sep 8 2016 [PMID: 27626315]
• Mo Zt, Li Wn, Zhai Yr, Gong Qh. Icariin Attenuates OGD/R-Induced Autophagy via Bcl-2-Dependent Cross Talk between Apoptosis and Autophagy in PC12 Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Jul 25 2016 [PMID: 27610184] (WB)
• Caccamo A, Ferreira E, Branca C, Oddo S p62 improves AD-like pathology by increasing autophagy. Mol. Psychiatry 2016 Aug 30 [PMID: 27573878]
• Saini NK, Baena A, Ng TW et al. Suppression of autophagy and antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS47. Nat Microbiol. Aug 26 2016 [PMID: 27562263] (WB, Mouse)
• Tan KP, Ho MY, Cho HC et al. Fucosylation of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 by FUT1 correlates with lysosomal positioning and autophagic flux of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis. Aug 26 2016 [PMID: 27560716] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Sun X, Sun L, Zhao Y et al. MAVS maintains mitochondrial homeostasis via autophagy. Cell Discov. Aug 23 2016 [PMID: 27551434] (IP, WB, Human)
• Sabha N, Volpatti JR, Gonorazky H et al. PIK3C2B inhibition improves function and prolongs survival in myotubular myopathy animal models. J. Clin. Invest. Sep 1 2016 [PMID: 27548528] (WB, Mouse)
• Hong JM, Kim SJ, Lee SM. Role of necroptosis in autophagy signaling during hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Aug 10 2016 [PMID: 27521978] (WB)
• Jiuju Du, Wencheng Zhu, Li Yang et al. Reduction of polyethylenimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles induced autophagy and cytotoxicity by lactosylation. Oxford Academics 2016 Jun 12 [PMID: 27482464] (WB, Mouse)
• Granato M, Zompetta C, Vescarelli E et al. HCV derived from sera of HCV-infected patients induces pro-fibrotic effects in human primary fibroblasts by activating GLI2. Sci Rep. Aug 1 2016 [PMID: 27476557] (WB, Human)
• Wu HM, Wang J, Zhang B et al. CpG-ODN promotes phagocytosis and autophagy through JNK/P38 signal pathway in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated macrophage. Life Sci. Jul 27 2016 [PMID: 27476088] (WB, Mouse)
• Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Louie KW et al. Autophagy Regulates Cytoplasmic Remodeling During Cell Reprogramming in a Zebrafish Model of Muscle Regeneration. Autophagy. Jul 28 2016 [PMID: 27467399] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Suzuki K, Yamaguchi A, Yamanaka S et al. Accumulated a-synuclein affects the progression of GM2 gangliosidoses Exp. Neurol. 2016 Jul 21 [PMID: 27453479]
• Lee HY, Kim J, Quan W et al. Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells increases susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes and experimental colitis. Autophagy Jun 23 2016 [PMID: 27337687] (WB)
• Erbil S, Oral O, Mitou G et al. RACK1 is an Interaction Partner of ATG5 and a Novel Regulator of Autophagy. J. Biol. Chem. Jun 20 2016 [PMID: 27325703] (WB)
• Hossini AM, Quast AS, Plotz M et al. PI3k/AkT Signaling Pathway Is Essential for Survival of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS ONE. May 4 2016 [PMID: 27138223] (WB, Human)
• Piras A, Collin L, Gruninger F et al. Autophagic and lysosomal defects in human tauopathies: analysis of post-mortem brain from patients with familial Alzheimer disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016 Mar 02 [PMID: 26936765] (WB)
• Pema M, Drusian L, Chiaravalli M et al. mTORC1-mediated inhibition of polycystin-1 expression drives renal cyst formation in tuberous sclerosis complex. Nat Commun 2016 Mar 02 [PMID: 26931735] (WB)
• Jacob F, Yonis AY, Cuello F et al. Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Mediated Decline in Contractile Force in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue. PLoS One 2016 Feb 03 [PMID: 26840448] (WB)
• Buhler A, Kustermann M, Bummer T et al. Atrogin-1 Deficiency Leads to Myopathy and Heart Failure in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2016 Jan 30 [PMID: 26840306] (WB)
• Li W, Zou J, Yue F et al. Defects in MAP1S-mediated autophagy cause reduction in mouse lifespans especially when fibronectin is overexpressed. Aging Cell. 2016 Jan 10 [PMID: 26750654] (WB, Mouse)
• Garcia-Prat L, Martinez-Vicente M, Perdiguero E et al. Autophagy maintains stemness by preventing senescence. Nature. 2016 Jan 07 [PMID: 26738589] (WB, ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Altuntas S, Rossin F, Marsella C et al. The transglutaminase type 2 and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 interplay in autophagy regulation. Oncotarget 2015 Dec 29 [PMID: 26702927] (WB)
• Duarte-Silva S, Silva-Fernandes A, Neves-Carvalho A et al. Combined therapy with m-TOR-dependent and -independent autophagy inducers causes neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Machado-Joseph disease. Neuroscience. 2015 Nov 19 [PMID: 26601773] (WB, Mouse)
• Song K, Hu W, Yue F et al. Transforming Growth Factor TGFbeta Increases Levels of Microtubule-Associated Protein MAP1S and Autophagy Flux in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. PLoS ONE. 2015 Nov 17 [PMID: 26571030] (IHC-P, Human)
• Muhammad E, Levitas A, Singh SR et al. PLEKHM2 mutation leads to abnormal localization of lysosomes, impaired autophagy flux and associates with recessive dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction. Hum Mol Genet 2015 Dec 20 [PMID: 26464484] (Human)
• Xiong R, Zhou W, Siegel D et al. A Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor Activates Compensatory Heat Shock Protein Responses and Autophagy and Alleviates Mutant A53T alpha-Synuclein Toxicity. Mol Pharmacol 2015 Dec [PMID: 26405178] (Human)
• Grossi V, Lucarelli G, Forte G et al. Loss of STK11 expression is an early event in prostate carcinogenesis and predicts therapeutic response to targeted therapy against MAPK/p38. Autophagy 2015 Sep 21 [PMID: 26391455] (WB, Human)
• Daniels CMLP, Paffenroth E, Austin EV, Glebov K. Lithium Decreases Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in a Mouse Model of Alexander Disease. PloS one 2015 Sep 17 [PMID: 26378915] (WB, Mouse)
• Chen Q, Yue F, Li W et al. Potassium Bisperoxo (1,10-phenanthroline) Oxovanadate (bpV(phen)) Induces Apoptosis and Pyroptosis and Disrupts the P62-HDAC6 Interaction to Suppress the Acetylated Microtubule-dependent Degradation of Autophagosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 2015 Sep 11 [PMID: 26363065] (WB, Human, Mouse)
• Zhen Y, Li W. Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant mice with the VPS33A(D251E) mutation. Autophagy. 2015 Aug 11 [PMID: 26259518] (WB, Mouse)
• Pomilio C, Pavia P, Gorojod RM et al. Glial alterations from early to late stages in a model of alzheimer's disease: Evidence of autophagy involvement in Abeta internalization. Hippocampus. 2015 Aug 01 [PMID: 26235241] (IHC, Mouse)
• Irimia JM, Tagliabracci VS, Meyer CM et al. Muscle glycogen remodeling and glycogen phosphate metabolism following exhaustive exercise of wild type and laforin knockout mice. J. Biol. Chem. 2015 Jul 27 [PMID: 26216881] (WB, Mouse)
• Kabak YB, Sozmen M, Yarim M et al. Immunohistochemical detection of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cerebellums of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jul 16 [PMID: 26179070] (IHC-P, Canine)
• Gorojod RM, Alaimo A, Porte Alcon S et al. The autophagic- lysosomal pathway determines the fate of glial cells under manganese- induced oxidative stress conditions Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2015 Jul 07 [PMID: 26163003] (IHC-Fr, Rat)
• Chia-Wei Lin, Ming-Shiou Jan, Jung-Hua Steven Kuo. Exploring MicroRNA Expression Profiles Related to the mTOR Signaling Pathway in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Treated with Polyethylenimine. Mol Pharm. 2015 Aug 3 [PMID: 26158199]
• Nabissi M, Morelli MB, Amantini C et al. Cannabidiol stimulates Aml-1a-dependent glial differentiation and inhibits glioma stem-like cells proliferation by inducing autophagy in a TRPV2-dependent manner. Int. J. Cancer. 2015 Apr 22 [PMID: 25903924] (WB, Human)
• Wang T, Martin S, Papadopulos A et al. Control of autophagosome axonal retrograde flux by presynaptic activity unveiled using botulinum neurotoxin type a J. Neurosci. 2015 Apr 15 [PMID: 25878289] (WB, ICC/IF, Rat)
• Ulasov IV, Shah N, Kaverina NV et al. Tamoxifen improves cytopathic effect of oncolytic adenovirus in primary glioblastoma cells mediated through autophagy Oncotarget 2015 Feb 28 [PMID: 25738357] (WB, Human)
• Wei Y, An Z, Zou Z et al. The stress-responsive kinases MAPKAPK2/MAPKAPK3 activate starvation-induced autophagy through Beclin 1 phosphorylation Elife. 2015 Feb 19 [PMID: 25693418] (WB, Human)
• Zou J, Li W, Misra A et al. Viral Restriction Factor Tetherin Prevents Leucine-rich Pentatricopeptide Repeat Containing Protein (LRPPRC) from Association with Beclin 1 and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Enhances Autophagy and Mitophagy J. Biol. Chem. 2015 Jan 28 [PMID: 25631043] (WB, Human)
• Nuschke A, Rodrigues M, Stolz DB et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells consume accumulated autophagosomes early in differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014 Dec 17 [PMID: 25523618] (WB, Human)
• Wilson WN, Baumgarner BL, Watanabe WO et al. Effects of resveratrol on growth and skeletal muscle physiology of juvenile southern flounder. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2014 Dec 16 [PMID: 25522711] (WB, Fish)
• Varga M, Fodor E, Vellai T. Autophagy in zebrafish. Methods. 2014 Dec 09 [PMID: 25498006] (WB, Zebrafish)
• Cicchini M, Chakrabarti R, Kongara S et al. Autophagy regulator BECN1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis driven by WNT1 activation and following parity. Autophagy 2014 Oct 30 [PMID: 25483966] (IHC)
• Gan M, Moussaud S, Jiang P, Mclean Pj. Extracellular ATP induces intracellular alpha-synuclein accumulation via P2X1 receptor-mediated lysosomal dysfunction Neurobiology of Aging et al. 2014 Nov 05 [PMID: 25480524] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  LC3/MAP1LC3A antibody used for WB on lysates of S1S2 cells (derived from founder H4/Tetoff cells) and differentiated Lund human mesencephalic/Luhmes cells treated or not with 3 mM ATP or 200 nM bafilomycin A1 for 48 hours (Fig. 6B and Fig. 6E).
• Carlisi D, Lauricella M, D'Anneo A et al. The synergistic effect of SAHA and Parthenolide in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells J. Cell. Physiol. 2014 Nov 05 [PMID: 25370819] (WB, Human)
  
  Details:
  LC3 antibody used for WB on MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells treated or not with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, an histone deacetylase inhibitor), sesquiterpene lactone Parthenolide (Pn) and bafilomycin A1 (BafA1, a powerful inhibitor of the autophagic flux). WB data is shown in Figure 3b.
• Rohailla S, Clarizia N, Sourour M et al. Acute, Delayed and Chronic Remote Ischemic Conditioning Is Associated with Downregulation of mTOR and Enhanced Autophagy Signaling. PLoS OnE. 2014 Oct 28 [PMID: 25347774] (WB, Mouse)
• Lim YM, Lim H, Hur KY et al. Systemic autophagy insufficiency compromises adaptation to metabolic stress and facilitates progression from obesity to diabetes. Nat Commun. 2014 Sep 26 [PMID: 25255859]
• Oliverio S, Corazzari M, Sestito C et al. The spermidine analogue GC7 (N1-guanyl-1,7-diamineoheptane) induces autophagy through a mechanism not involving the hypusination of eIF5A. Amino Acids. 2014 Sep 14 [PMID: 25218134]
• Xiong R, Siegel D, Ross D. Quinone-induced protein handling changes: Implications for major protein handling systems in quinone-mediated toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2014 Aug 22 [PMID: 25151970] (WB, ICC/IF, Rat)
• Guglielmotto M, Monteleone D, Piras A et al. Abeta1-42 monomers or oligomers have different effects on autophagy and apoptosis. Autophagy 2014 Oct 1 [PMID: 25136804] (WB)
• Duarte-Silva S, Neves-Carvalho A, Soares-Cunha C et al. Lithium Chloride Therapy Fails to Improve Motor Function in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Machado-Joseph Disease. Cerebellum. 2014 Aug 12 [PMID: 25112410] (WB, Mouse)
• Cai-McRae X, Zhong H, Karantza V. Sequestosome 1/p62 facilitates HER2-induced mammary tumorigenesis through multiple signaling pathways. Oncogene. 2014 Aug 04 [PMID: 25088198]
• Lin CW, Jan MS, Kuo JH. Autophagy-related gene expression analysis of wild-type and atg5 gene knockout mouse embryonic fibroblast cells treated with polyethylenimine. Mol Pharm. 2014 Sep 2 [PMID: 25075440]
• Li J, Rohailla S, Gelber N et al. MicroRNA-144 is a circulating effector of remote ischemic preconditioning. Basic Res. Cardiol. 2014 Sep 01 [PMID: 25060662] (WB, Mouse)
  
  Details:
  LC3 antibody used for WB in hearts from mice injected with PBS, miR-Co or miR-144 (Figure 2b).
• Barmada SJ, Serio A, Arjun A et al. Autophagy induction enhances TDP43 turnover and survival in neuronal ALS models. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2014 Jun 29 [PMID: 24974230] (ICC/IF, Rat)
• Heijnen Harry F, van Wijk Richard, Pereboom Tamara C et al. Ribosomal protein mutations induce autophagy through S6 kinase inhibition of the insulin pathway. PLoS Genet. 2014 May 29 [PMID: 24875531] (WB)
• Perluigi M, Pupo G, Tramutola A et al. Neuropathological role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in Down syndrome brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2014 Apr 13 [PMID: 24735980] (WB, Human)
• Zou J, Yue F, Li W et al. Autophagy Inhibitor LRPPRC Suppresses Mitophagy through Interaction with Mitophagy Initiator Parkin. PLoS ONE 2014 Apr 11 [PMID: 24722279] (WB, Human)
• Schonewolf CA, Mehta M, Schiff D et al. Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine sensitizes HT-29 colorectal cancer cells to concurrent chemoradiation. World J Gastrointest Oncol 3/15/2014 [PMID: 24653797] (WB, Human)
• Zhang L, Chen X, Sharma P et al. HACE1-dependent protein degradation provides cardiac protection in response to haemodynamic stress. Nat Commun 3/11/2014 [PMID: 24614889] (WB, Mouse)
• Lozy F, Cai-McRae X, Teplova I et al. ERBB2 overexpression suppresses stress-induced autophagy and renders ERBB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis independent of monoallelic Becn1 loss. Autophagy 2014 Apr [PMID: 24492513] (WB)
• Clarke AJ, Ellinghaus U, Cortini A et al. Autophagy is activated in systemic lupus erythematosus and required for plasmablast development. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2014 Jan 13 [PMID: 24419333] (FLOW, Mouse)
• Korkmaz G, Tekirdag KA, Ozturk DG et al. MIR376A Is a Regulator of Starvation-Induced Autophagy. PLoS One 2013 Dec 16 [PMID: 24358205] (WB, Human)
• Yuzefovych LV, Ledoux SP, Wilson GL, Rachek LI. Mitochondrial DNA Damage via Augmented Oxidative Stress Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy: Crosstalk, Links and Signaling. PLoS One 2013 Dec 13 [PMID: 24349491] (WB, Rat)
• Sanjurjo L, Amezaga N, Vilaplana C et al. The Scavenger Protein Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophages (AIM) Potentiates the Antimicrobial Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Enhancing Autophagy. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 4 [PMID: 24223991] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• D'Anneo A, Carlisi D, Lauricella M et al. Parthenolide generates reactive oxygen species and autophagy in MDA-MB231 cells. A soluble parthenolide analogue inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2013 Oct 31 [PMID: 24176849] (WB, Human)
• Hollomon MG, Gordon N, Santiago-O Farrill JM et al. Knockdown of autophagy-related protein 5, ATG5, decreases oxidative stress and has an opposing effect on camptothecin-induced cytotoxicity in osteosarcoma cells. BMC Cancer. 2013 Oct 26 [PMID: 24160177] (WB, Mouse)
• Seront E, Boidot R, Bouzin C et al. Tumour hypoxia determines the potential of combining mTOR and autophagy inhibitors to treat mammary tumours. Br J Cancer. 2013 Nov 12 [PMID: 24157830] (WB, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, Human, Mouse)
• Wang J, Yang K, Zhou L et al. MicroRNA-155 Promotes Autophagy to Eliminate Intracellular Mycobacteria by Targeting Rheb. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Oct [PMID: 24130493] (ICC/IF, WB, Mouse)
• Lin F, Zhu J, Tonnesen MG et al. Fibronectin Peptides that Bind PDGF-BB Enhance Survival of Cells and Tissue under Stress. J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Oct 14 [PMID: 24126844] (ELISA, WB, Mouse)
• Zhao J, Li Z, Wang M et al. Manipulation of autophagy by HCMV infection is involved in mTOR and influences the replication of virus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2013 Nov [PMID: 24108761] (WB, Human)
• Kim K W, Paul P et al. Enhanced autophagy blocks angiogenesis via degradation of gastrin-releasing peptide in neuroblastoma cells. Autophagy Jan 10 2013 [PMID: 24108003] (WB, Human)
• Budina-Kolomets Anna, Balaburski Gregor M, Bondar Anastasia et al. Comparison of the activity of three different HSP70 inhibitors on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy inhibition, and HSP90 inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Feb 01 [PMID: 24100579] (Human)
• Devereaux K, Dall'armi C, Alcazar-Roman A et al. Regulation of Mammalian Autophagy by Class II and III PI 3-Kinases through PI3P Synthesis. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 3 [PMID: 24098492] (WB, Mouse)
• Lee IH, Yun J, Finkel T. The emerging links between sirtuins and autophagy. Methods Mol Biol 2013 [PMID: 24014412]
• Cufi S, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C et al. The anti-malarial chloroquine overcomes Primary resistance and restores sensitivity to Trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. Sci Rep. 2013 Aug 22 [PMID: 23965851] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• Budina-Kolomets A, Hontz RD, Pimkina J, Murphy ME A conserved domain in exon 2 coding for the human and murine ARF tumor suppressor protein is required for autophagy induction. Autophagy 2013 Oct [PMID: 23939042] (WB)
• Eaves-Pyles T, Patel J, Arigi E et al. Immunomodulatory and Antibacterial Effects of Cystatin 9 against Francisella tularensis. Mol Med. 2013 Aug 28 [PMID: 23922243] (ICC/IF, WB, Human)
• Zou J, Yue F, Jiang X et al. Mitochondrion-associated protein LRPPRC suppresses the initiation of basal levels of autophagy via enhancing Bcl-2 stability. Biochem J 2013 Jul 3 [PMID: 23822101] (WB, Human)
• Wang W, Kang J, Li H et al. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat cortex by p62/ZIP through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway after transient focal cerebral ischaemia. Brain Inj 2013 [PMID: 23782269] (WB, Rat)
• Chen JJ, Long ZJ, Xu DF et al. Inhibition of autophagy augments the anticancer activity of a -mangostin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Taylor Francis. 2014 Mar [PMID: 23734655] (WB, Human)
• Xiong R, Siegel D, Ross D. The activation sequence of cellular protein handling systems after proteasomal inhibition in dopaminergic cells. Chem Biol Interact 2013 May 14 [PMID: 23684743] (WB, Rat)
• Palmio J, Evila A, Chapon f et al. Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure: occurrence in various populations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013 Apr 19 [PMID: 23606733]
• Di Domenico F, Coccia R, Cocciolo A et al. Impairment of proteostasis network in Down syndrome prior to the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: Redox proteomics analysis of Human brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013 Apr 17 [PMID: 23603808] (WB, Human)
• Chen MC, Chen CH, Liu YN et al. TW01001, a novel piperazinedione compound, induces mitotic arrest and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Cancer Lett 2013 Apr 6 [PMID: 23567646] (WB, Human)
• Martin S, Harper CB, May LM et al. Inhibition of PIKfyve by YM-201636 Dysregulates Autophagy and Leads to Apoptosis-Independent Neuronal Cell Death PLoS One 2013 [PMID: 23544129] (WB, Mouse)
• Rowe I, Chiaravalli M, Mannella V et al. Defective glucose metabolism in polycystic kidney disease identifies a new therapeutic strategy Nat Med 2013 Apr [PMID: 23524344] (WB, Mouse)
• Drerup CM, Nechiporuk AV. JNK-Interacting Protein 3 Mediates the Retrograde Transport of Activated c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase and Lysosomes. PLoS Genet 2013 Feb [PMID: 23468645] (WB, IHC, ICC/IF, Zebrafish)
• Chiou SK, Hoa N, Ge L, Jadus MR. Nutrient Availability Alters the Effect of Autophagy on Sulindac Sulfide-Induced Colon Cancer Cell Apoptosis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2012 [PMID: 23431290] (WB, Human)
• Xie X, White EP, Mehnert JM. Coordinate Autophagy and mTOR Pathway Inhibition Enhances Cell Death in Melanoma. PLoS One 2013 [PMID: 23383069] (WB, Human)
• Teplova I, Lozy F, Price S et al. ATG proteins mediate efferocytosis and suppress inflammation in mammary involution. Autophagy 2013 Apr 1 [PMID: 23380905] (IHC, Mouse)
• Shoji-Kawata S, Sumpter R, Leveno M et al. Identification of a candidate therapeutic autophagy-inducing peptide. Nature 2013 Feb 14 [PMID: 23364696] (WB, Human)
• Choi BY, Jang BG, Kim JH et al. Copper/zinc chelation by clioquinol reduces spinal cord white matter damage and behavioral deficits in a murine MOG-induced multiple sclerosis model. Neurobiol Dis 2013 Jan 26 [PMID: 23360710] (IHC-Fr, ICC/IF, WB, Mouse)
• Jiang TF, Zhang YJ, Zhou HY et al. Curcumin Ameliorates the Neurodegenerative Pathology in A53T alpha-synuclein Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease Through the Downregulation of mTOR/p70S6K Signaling and the Recovery of Macroautophagy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013 Jan 17 [PMID: 23325107] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• Balaburski GM, Leu JI, Beeharry N et al. A Modified HSP70 Inhibitor Shows Broad Activity as an Anticancer Agent. Mol Cancer Res 2013 Mar [PMID: 23303345] (WB, Human)
• Momma K, Noguchi S, Malicdan MC et al. Rimmed vacuoles in becker muscular dystrophy have similar features with inclusion myopathies PLoS One 2012 [PMID: 23251671] (IHC, ICC/IF, Human)
• Jena P, Mohanty S, Mohanty T et al. Azurophil granule proteins constitute the major mycobactericidal proteins in human neutrophils and enhance the killing of mycobacteria in macrophages PLoS One 2012 [PMID: 23251364] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Martinet W, Schrijvers DM, Timmermans JP et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of macroautophagy: recommendations and limitations. Autophagy 2013 Mar [PMID: 23242143] (Mouse)
• Sulzmaier FJ, Li Z, Nakashige ML et al. AD65, GAD67, and GABAT Immunostaining in Human Brain and Apparent GAD65 Loss in Alzheimer's Disease PLoS One 2012 [PMID: 23144724] (WB, Human)
• Nakagawa S, Nishihara K, Inui KI, Masuda S. Involvement of autophagy in the pharmacological effects of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in acute kidney injury Eur J Pharmacol 2012 Sep 26 [PMID: 23022334] (WB, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF, Rat)
• Lin CW, Jan MS, Kuo JH et al. Protective role of autophagy in branched polyethylenimine (25K)- and poly(L-lysine) (30-70K)-induced cell death. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2012 Dec 18 [PMID: 23000135]
• Cyrino LT, Araujo AP, Joazeiro PP et al. In vivo and in vitro Leishmania amazonensis infection induces autophagy in macrophages Tissue Cell 2012 Aug 30 [PMID: 22939777] (WB, ICC/IF, Mouse)
• He C, Sumpter R Jr, Levine B. Exercise induces autophagy in peripheral tissues and in the brain Autophagy. 2012 Oct [PMID: 22892563] (WB, Mouse)
• Joselin AP, Hewitt SJ, Callaghan SM et al. ROS-dependent regulation of Parkin and DJ-1 localization during oxidative stress in neurons Hum Mol Genet 2012 Aug 23 [PMID: 22872702] (ICC/IF, Mouse)
• Ramos FJ, Chen SC, Garelick MG et al. Rapamycin Reverses Elevated mTORC1 Signaling in Lamin A/C-Deficient Mice, Rescues Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Function, and Extends Surviva Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jul 25 [PMID: 22837538]
• Garcia-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Tseng MT et al. E2F-1 lacking the transcriptional activity domain induces autophagy Cancer Biol Ther 2012 Sep 1 [PMID: 22825328]
• Erwin DP, Nydam SD, Call DR. Vibrio parahaemolyticus ExsE is requisite for initial adhesion and subsequent type III secretion system 1-dependent autophagy in HeLa cells Microbiology 2012 Sep [PMID: 22767546] (WB, Human)
• Grkovic S, O'Reilly VC, Han S et al. IGFBP-3 binds GRP78, stimulates autophagy and promotes the survival of breast cancer cells exposed to adverse microenvironments Oncogene 2012 Jul 2 [PMID: 22751133] (WB, Human)
• Eijiro Yamada, Claire C Bastie, Hiroshi Koga, Yichen Wang, Ana Maria Cuervo, Jeffrey E Pessin. Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fiber-Type-Specific Macroautophagy and Muscle Wasting Are Regulated by a Fyn/STAT3/Vps34 Signaling Pathway. Cell Reports, 10.1016/j.celrep.03.014. 2012 [PMID: 22745922] (WB, Mouse)
• Claerhout S, Dutta B, Bossuyt W et al. Abortive Autophagy Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cell Death in Cancer Cells PLoS One 2012 [PMID: 22745748] (WB, Human)
• Garcia AG, Wilson RM, Heo J et al. Interferon-gamma ablation exacerbates myocardial hypertrophy in diastolic heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012 Sep [PMID: 22730392] (WB, Mouse)
• Schaeffer V, Lavenir I, Ozcelik S et al. Stimulation of autophagy reduces neurodegeneration in a mouse model of human tauopathy Brain 2012 Jun 10 [PMID: 22689910] (WB, ICC/IF)
• Klucken J, Poehler AM, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D et al. Alpha-synuclein aggregation involves a bafilomycin A 1-sensitive autophagy pathway Autophagy 2012 May 1 [PMID: 22647715]
• Aoyagi T, Kusakari Y, Xiao CY et al. Cardiac mTOR protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012 Jul [PMID: 22561297] (WB, Mouse)
• Li L, Zhu YQ, Jiang L, Peng W. Increased autophagic activity in senescent human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J. 2012 Apr 6. [PMID: 22551517] (WB, Human)
• Liang X, De Vera ME, Buchser WJ et al. Inhibiting Systemic Autophagy during Interleukin 2 Immunotherapy Promotes Long-term Tumor Regression Cancer Res 2012 Jun 1 [PMID: 22472122] (IHC-Fr, ICC/IF, WB, Mouse)
• Vangestel C, Van de Wiele C, Mees G et al. Single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging of the early time course of therapy-induced cell death using technetium 99m tricarbonyl His-annexin A5 in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. Mol Imaging 2012 Apr [PMID: 22469241]
• Choi KE, Hall CL, Sun JM et al. A novel stroke therapy of pharmacologically induced hypothermia after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. FASEB J 2012 Jul [PMID: 22459147] (WB, Mouse)
• Zheng F, Yang WJ, Sun KJ, Wan XM, Man N, Wen LP. Hoechst 33342-induced autophagy protected HeLa cells from caspase-independent cell death with the participation of ROS. Free Radic Res. 2012 Mar 20. [PMID: 22375792] (WB, Human)
• Martinet W, Verheye S, De Meyer I, Timmermans JP, Schrijvers DM, Van Brussel I, Bult H, De Meyer GR. Everolimus triggers cytokine release by macrophages: rationale for stents eluting everolimus and a glucocorticoid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol;32(5):1228-35. 2012 May. [PMID: 22345170] (WB, Mouse)
• Schwartz RE, Trehan K, Andrus L, Sheahan TP, Ploss A, Duncan SA, Rice CM, Bhatia SN. Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A;109(7):2544-8. 2012 Feb 14. [PMID: 22215441]
• Cufi S, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C et al. Autophagy positively regulates the CD44(+) CD24(-/low) breast cancer stem-like phenotype. Cell Cycle 2011 Nov 15 [PMID: 22127234] (Human)
• Zhang X, Yuan Q, Tang W et al. Substrate-Favored Lysosomal and Proteasomal Pathways Participate in the Normal Balance Control of Insulin Precursor Maturation and Disposal in [beta]-Cells. PLoS ONE 20116(11). [PMID: 22102916]
• Ohmi K, Zhao H-Z, Neufeld EF. Defects in the medial entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus in the mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B. PLoS ONE 20116(11). [PMID: 22096577]
• Zois CE, Giatromanolaki A, Sivridis E et al. Autophagic flux in normal mouse tissues: focus on endogenous LC3A processing. Autophagy 2011 Nov [PMID: 21997374]
• D'Agostino C, Nogalska A, Cacciottolo M, Engel WK, Askanas V. Abnormalities of NBR1, a novel autophagy-associated protein, in muscle fibers of sporadic inclusion-body myositis. Acta Neuropathol;122(5):627-36. 2011 Nov. [PMID: 21935636] (IP, Human)
• Kuo T-C, Chen C-T, Baron D et al. Midbody accumulation through evasion of autophagy contributes to cellular reprogramming and tumorigenicity. Nat Cell Biol;13(10):1214-23. 2011 Sep 11. [PMID: 21909099]
• Yuan M, Huang Z, Wei D et al. Identification of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus ac93 as a core gene and its requirement for intranuclear microvesicle formation and nuclear egress of nucleocapsids. J Virol 2011 Nov [PMID: 21880748]
• Lichtenberg M, Mansilla A, Zecchini VR et al. The Parkinson’s disease protein LRRK2 impairs proteasome substrate clearance without affecting proteasome catalytic activity. Cell Death Dis. 2011 [PMID: 21866175]
• Tomaras GD, Binley JM, Gray ES et al. Polyclonal B cell responses to conserved neutralization epitopes in a subset of HIV-1-infected individuals. J Virol 2011 Nov [PMID: 21849452] (ICC/IF)
• Dortet L, Mostowy S, Louaka AS et al. Recruitment of the Major Vault Protein by InlK: A Listeria monocytogenes Strategy to Avoid Autophagy. PLoS Pathog;7(8):e1002168. 2011 Aug. [PMID: 21829365]
• Meng Q, Cai D. Defective hypothalamic autophagy directs the central pathogenesis of obesity via the IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta)/NF-kappaB pathway. J Biol Chem. Sep. 2011 [PMID: 21784844]
• Mostowy S, Sancho-Shimizu V, Hamon M et al. p62 and NDP52 target Intracytosolic Shigella and Listeria to different autophagy pathways. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jun 6. [PMID: 21646350]
• Shahnazari S, Namolovan A, Mogridge J et al. Bacterial toxins can inhibit host cell autophagy through cAMP generation. Autophagy 2011 Sep [PMID: 21606683]
• Rodriguez-Rocha H, Gomez-Gutierrez JG, Garcia-Garcia A et al. Adenoviruses induce autophagy to promote virus replication and oncolysis. Virology 2011 Jul 20 [PMID: 21575980] (IP)
• Fazio EN, Dimattia GE, Chadi SA et al. Stanniocalcin 2 alters PERK signaling and reduces cellular injury during cerulein induced pancreatitis in mice. BMC Cell Biol;12:17. 2011 May 5. [PMID: 21545732]
• Jiang S, Li Y, Zhu YH, Wu XQ, Tang J, Li Z, Feng GK, Deng R, Li DD, Luo RZ, Zhang MF, Qin W, Wang X, Jia WH, Zhu XF. Intensive expression of UNC-51-like kinase 1 is a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci;102(8):1568-75. 2011 Aug. [PMID: 21518141] (WB, Human)
• Rossin F, D'Eletto M, Macdonald D, Farrace MG, Piacentini M. TG2 transamidating activity acts as a reostat controlling the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy. Amino Acids;42(5):1793-802. 2012 May. [PMID: 21479826] (WB, Mouse)
• Jorge CD, Ventura R, Maycock C et al. Assessment of the efficacy of solutes from extremophiles on protein aggregation in cell models of Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. Neurochem Res 2011 Jun [PMID: 21416120] (WB, Human)
• von Haefen C, Sifringer M, Menk M, Spies CD. Ethanol enhances susceptibility to apoptotic cell death via down-regulation of autophagy-related proteins. Alcohol Clin Exp Res;35(8):1381-91. 2011 Aug. [PMID: 21410490] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• Uddin MN, Nishio N, Ito S, Suzuki H, Isobe K. Autophagic activity in thymus and liver during aging. Age (Dordr);34(1):75-85. 2012 Feb. [PMID: 21387084] (IHC, Mouse)
• Tang Y-C, Williams BR, Siegel JJ, Amon A. Identification of Aneuploidy-Selective Antiproliferation Compounds. Cell;144(4):499-512. 2011 Feb 18. [PMID: 21315436]
• Dammer EB, Na CH, Xu P et al. Polyubiquitin linkage profiles in three models of proteolytic stress suggest the etiology of Alzheimer disease J Biol Chem 2011 Mar [PMID: 21278249] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Xie R, Nguyen S, McKeehan K et al. Microtubule-associated protein 1S (MAP1S) bridges autophagic components with microtubules and mitochondria to affect autophagosomal biogenesis and degradation. J Biol Chem 2011 Mar 25 [PMID: 21262964] (WB,IP)
• Hsu HS, Huang PI, Chang YL et al. Cucurbitacin I inhibits tumorigenic ability and enhances radiochemosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer-derived CD133-positive cells. Cancer. Jul. 2011 [PMID: 21225866] (WB, Human)
• Mostowy S, Bonazzi M, Hamon MA et al. Entrapment of intracytosolic bacteria by septin cage-like structures. Cell Host Microbe 2010 Nov 18 [PMID: 21075354]
• Huang J, Birmingham CL, Shahnazari S et al. Antibacterial autophagy occurs at PI(3)P-enriched domains of the endoplasmic reticulum and requires Rab1 GTPase Autophagy 2011 Jan [PMID: 20980813] (WB, Human)
• Fujimoto K, Ford EL, Tran H et al. Loss of Nix in Pdx1-deficient mice prevents apoptotic and necrotic beta cell death and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2010 Nov [PMID: 20978346] (WB, Mouse)
• Yoon S, Woo SU, Kang JH et al. STAT3 transcriptional factor activated by reactive oxygen species induces IL6 in starvation-induced autophagy of cancer cells. Autophagy 2010 Nov [PMID: 20930550] (ELISA, Human)
• Karanasios E, Ktistakis NT. Studying Autophagy: List of Useful Antibodies Produced via a Community Effort. Autophagy at the Cell, Tissue and Organismal Level. 2016 Apr 24
• Li X, Lu Y, Pan T, Fan Z. Roles of autophagy in cetuximab-mediated cancer therapy against EGFR. Autophagy 2010 Nov [PMID: 20864811] (WB, Human)
• Homer Craig R, Richmond Amy L, Rebert Nancy A et al. ATG16L1 and NOD2 interact in an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pathway implicated in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2010 [PMID: 20637199] (WB, Human)
• Fukaya T, Takagi H, Sato Y et al. Crucial roles of B7-H1 and B7-DC expressed on mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells in the generation of antigen-specific CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the establishment of oral tolerance. Blood 2010 Sep 30 [PMID: 20574047] (WB, Mouse)
• He C, Klionsky DJ. Analyzing autophagy in zebrafish. Autophagy 2010 Jul [PMID: 20495344] (WB)
• Zhou X, Wang L, Hasegawa H et al. Deletion of PIK3C3/Vps34 in sensory neurons causes rapid neurodegeneration by disrupting the endosomal but not the autophagic pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A;107(20):9424-9. 2010 May 18. [PMID: 20439739] (WB, Mouse)
• Spilman P, Podlutskaya N, Hart MJ, Debnath J, Gorostiza O, Bredesen D, Richardson A, Strong R, Galvan V. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin abolishes cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-beta levels in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One;5(4):e9979. 2010 Apr 1. [PMID: 20376313]
• Pankow JF. Organic particulate material levels in the atmosphere: conditions favoring sensitivity to varying relative humidity and temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010 Apr 13 [PMID: 20368456]
• Li X, Wang CE, Huang S et al. Inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system leads to preferential accumulation of toxic N-terminal mutant huntingtin fragments. Hum Mol Genet 2010 Jun 15 [PMID: 20354076] (WB)
• Barth S, Glick D, Macleod KF. Autophagy: assays and artifacts. J Pathol;221(2):117-24. 2010 Jun. [PMID: 20225337]
• Kuo HP, Lee DF, Chen CT et al. ARD1 stabilization of TSC2 suppresses tumorigenesis through the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Signal 2010 [PMID: 20145209]
• D'Eletto M, Farrace MG, Falasca L et al. Transglutaminase 2 is involved in autophagosome maturation. Autophagy 2009 Nov [PMID: 19955852] (WB, Mouse)
• Zwerger M, Kolb T, Richter K et al. Induction of a massive endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space expansion by expression of lamin B receptor mutants and the related sterol reductases TM7SF2 and DHCR7. Mol Biol Cell 2010 Jan 15 [PMID: 19940018] (WB, Human)
• Bensaad K, Cheung EC, Vousden KH. Modulation of intracellular ROS levels by TIGAR controls autophagy. EMBO J 2009 Oct 7 [PMID: 19713938] (Human)
• Fujimoto K, Hanson PT, Tran H et al. Autophagy Regulates Pancreatic Beta Cell Death in Response to Pdx1 Deficiency and Nutrient Deprivation. J Biol Chem;284(40):27664-27673. 2009 [PMID: 19654319]
• Pujol C, Klein KA, Romanov GA et al. Yersinia pestis Can Reside in Autophagosomes Avoid Xenophagy in Murine Macrophages by Preventing Vacuole Acidification. Infect Immun;77(6):2251-2261. 2009 [PMID: 19289509]
• He C, Bartholomew CR, Zhou W et al. Assaying autophagic activity in transgenic GFP-Lc3 and GFP-Gabarap zebrafish embryos. Autophagy 2009 May [PMID: 19221467] (WB)
• Swanson MS, Byrne BG, Dubuisson JF. Kinetic analysis of autophagosome formation and turnover in primary mouse macrophages. Methods Enzymol 2009 [PMID: 19200894] (Mouse)
• Lee IH, Finkel T. Regulation of Autophagy by the p300 Acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem;284(10):6322-6328. 2009 [PMID: 19124466]
• Nie X, Nishitani C, Yamazoe M et al. Pulmonary surfactant protein D binds MD-2 through the carbohydrate recognition domain. Biochemistry 2008 Dec 2 [PMID: 18991397] (Human)
• Swerdlow S, McColl K, Rong Y, Lam M, Gupta A, Distelhorst CW. Apoptosis inhibition by Bcl-2 gives way to autophagy in glucocorticoid-treated lymphocytes. Autophagy;4(5):612-20. 2008 Jul 1. [PMID: 18362516]
• Lee IH, Cao L, Mostoslavsky R, Lombard DB, Liu J, Bruns NE, Tsokos M, Alt FW, Finkel T. A role for the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 in the regulation of autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A;105(9):3374-9. 2008 Mar 4. [PMID: 18296641]
• Mercer CA, Kaliappan A, Dennis PB et al. Macroautophagy-dependent, intralysosomal cleavage of a betaine homocysteine methyltransferase fusion protein requires stable multimerization. Autophagy 2008 Feb [PMID: 18059170] (WB, Human)
• Zhang L, Yu J, Pan H, Hu P, Hao Y, Cai W, Zhu H, Yu AD, Xie X, Ma D, Yuan J. Small molecule regulators of autophagy identified by an image-based high-throughput screen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A;104(48):19023-8. 2007 Nov 27. [PMID: 18024584]
• Kuo HP, Lee DF, Chen CT et al. ARD1 stabilization of TSC2 suppresses tumorigenesis through the mTOR signaling pathway. Sci Signal;3(108):ra9. 2010 Feb 9. [PMID: 2014520]

Reviews for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331) (22)

Average Rating: 4.3

(Based on 22 reviews)

We have 22 reviews tested in 5 species: Human, Mouse, Rat, Human and Mouse, Other.

reviewed by: Verified Customer ICC Human 05/21/2021

Summary

• Application: Immunocytochemistry
• Sample Tested: Human microglia,Human microglia cell lysate
• Species: Human
• Lot: AK

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Rat 05/21/2021

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: MICROGLIA
• Species: Rat
• Lot: AK

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 06/09/2020

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: THP-1 cell lysate
• Species: Human
• Lot: AB-3

Comments

• Comments: The antibody works great to detect the LC3 from THP-1 cell lysates

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Mouse 01/29/2019

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: lysed cell lines, Sample Amount: 20 ug
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: A6-NB100-2331

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human and Mouse 11/25/2017

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells
• Species: Human and Mouse
• Lot: AC-1

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Mouse 08/07/2017

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: H6-NB100-2331

reviewed by: jennifer guadagno WB Mouse 10/06/2015

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse Neuro2A, Mouse Cortical Neurons whole cell lysate
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: R-4

Blocking

• Blocking Details: 10% non-fat dry milk in TBS-T (0.05% Tween) for 1hr at room temperature

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: 1:1000

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Goat-anti rabbit HRP
• Secondary Concentration: 1:5000 in 3% milk in TBS-T (0.05%)

Details

• Detection Notes: Clarity ECL, Biorad Chemidoc imager, exposed for 1 min, Neg control= untreated cells, Pos Control= rapamycin

Comments

• Comments: This antibody works very well. Very strong clear signal.

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 01/12/2015

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: human glioblastoma
• Species: Human

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Li-Cor blockin bufffer

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: 2 ug/ml, overnight, room temperature, TBST buffer

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: anti-IgG secondary antibodies, Conjugation: IRDye® 800CW
• Secondary Manufacturer Cat#: Li-Cor
• Secondary Concentration: per vendor recomendations

Details

• Detection Notes: Odyssey Li-Cor

Comments

• Comments: Please site our paper:Tamoxifen improves cytopathic effect of oncolytic adenovirus in primary glioblastoma cells mediated through autophagy." just accepted for Oncotarget.

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Mouse 12/12/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: See PMID 22892563
• Species: Mouse

Blocking

• Blocking Details: See PMID 22892563

Details

• Detection Notes: See PMID 22892563

Comments

• Comments: Published in PMID: 22892563

reviewed by: Verified Customer IF Mouse 11/25/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunofluorescence
• Sample Tested: NIH3T3, HeLa, HEK293T, N2a neuroblastoma, Q7 striatal, Sy5Y neuroblastoma
• Species: Mouse

Blocking

• Blocking Details: 1% BSA + 1%milk

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: 1:100 for IF

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Cy5 conjuagated anti-rabbit
• Secondary Concentration: 1:500

Details

• Detection Notes: Images taken by Zeiss Axiovert microscope
• Fixation Details: PFA Fixed, 0.1% Tween20 permeabilized, PBS, 1hr primary incubation at RT
• Wash Description: PBS 3x washes, 2 mins each

reviewed by: Merissa Olmer IHC-P 10/04/2014

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
• Lot: S-1
• Comments: These tissue samples were fixed with zinc buffered formalin.

reviewed by: Ilya Ulasov WB Human 06/30/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: human tumor cells
• Species: Human
• Lot: q-1

Blocking

• Blocking Details: #917-40000, LI-COR

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: in agreement with vendor recommendation

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: goat-anti-rabbit
• Secondary Manufacturer Cat#: Li-COR

Details

• Detection Notes: Odyssey Imaging System (Model #1866, Li-COR Biosciences

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 06/20/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Species: Human
• Pub Med ID: 24735980
• File: View PDF

reviewed by: Kumsal Tekirdag WB Human 04/02/2014

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Species: Human
• Lot: S-2
• Special Applications: Gives slighter LC3-I band compared to LC3II. Stronger binding to LC3II. High level of background at first usage in BSA solution.
• Pub Med ID: 24358205
• File: View PDF

reviewed by: Nirmala Parajuli IHC Mouse 08/13/2012

Summary

• Application: Immunohistochemistry
• Sample Tested: Renal tissue (paraffin block)
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: N
• Comments: Antibody is good for immunohistochemistry. But, since this is polyclonal, each lot has to be tested for concentration of primary antibody to get desired results.

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Protein block, Dako, 20 min RT

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: 1:10,000, 4dC, ON, 0.1%BSA plus0.05% skim milk

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Goat anti-rabbit-HRP
• Secondary Manufacturer Cat#: DAKO, #K4011
• Secondary Concentration: DAKO kit

Details

• Detection Notes: DAB, 5 min
• Fixation Details: 10% NBF, 10mM Sodium Citrate buffer pH6.0
• Wash Description: TBS-T, 5 min X 4

Comments

• Comments: Antibody is good for immunohistochemistry. But, since this is polyclonal, each lot has to be tested for concentration of primary antibody to get desired results.

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 12/28/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human
• Comments: Good antibody!

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 10% non-fat milk

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Primary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:1000, Primary Ab Incubation Time: overnight

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab: rabbit

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: HRP

Comments

• Comments: Good antibody!

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 11/21/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 5% Milk

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Primary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:1000, Primary Ab Incubation Time: overnight, Primary Ab Incubation Temp: 4 degrees Celsius

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:5000

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: ECL-HRP

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 11/21/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human
• Species: Human

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 2% Skim Milk

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Primary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:1000, Primary Ab Incubation Time: overnight, Primary Ab Incubation Temp: 4 degrees Celsius

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab: Goat anti-rabbit HRP

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: ECL

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Mouse 10/24/2011

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Mouse
• Species: Mouse
• Comments: The antibody worked well!

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 5% Milk

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Primary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:5000, Primary Ab Incubation Time: 16 hours

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab: anti-mouse HRP antibody

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: ECL

Comments

• Comments: The antibody worked well!

reviewed by: Seung-Hyun Ro WB Mouse 07/08/2010

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: 3T3-L1 adipocyte, Sample Amount: 30ug
• Species: Mouse
• Lot: H2
• Comments: I used in for 3T3-L1 mouse adipocyte and it is working great.

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 5% Milk in PBST, Blocking Time: 1 hour, Blocking Temp: Room temperature

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Dilution Ratio: 1:1000, Incubation Dilution Buffer: PBST, Incubation Time: 2 hours, Incubation Temp: room temperature

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab: Rabbit, Secondary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1:3000
• Secondary Manufacturer Cat#: Santa Cruz sc-2077

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: ECL - perkin elmer, Exposure Time: 1 minute, Positive Control: Actin, Specific Bands: 15, 18 kDa

Comments

• Comments: I used in for 3T3-L1 mouse adipocyte and it is working great.

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Other 11/05/2009

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: lysed cell lines, Sample Amount: 20 ug
• Species: Other
• Lot: J

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: TBS 0.1% Tween20 5% NFDM, Blocking Time: 1 hour, Blocking Temp: Room temperature

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Dilution Concentration: 0.002, Incubation Dilution Buffer: TBS 0.1% Tween20 5% NFDM, Incubation Time: 1 hr, Incubation Temp: RT

Secondary Antibody

• Secondary Description: Secondary Ab: Goat anti-Rabbit HRP, Secondary Ab Dilution Ratio: 1/4000

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: Super Signal West Dura, Exposure Time: 1 minute, Specific Bands: 19 and 17kDa doublet

reviewed by: Verified Customer WB Human 02/18/2009

Summary

• Application: Western Blot
• Sample Tested: Human cancer cells, Sample Amount: 80ug
• Species: Human
• Lot: SS

Blocking

• Blocking Details: Blocking Buffer: 5% Milk in PBST, Blocking Time: 30 minutes, Blocking Temp: Room temperature

Primary Anitbody

• Dilution Ratio: Primary Ab Incubation Time: overnight, Primary Ab Incubation Temp: 4 degrees Celsius

Details

• Detection Notes: Detection Method: Licor, Exposure Time: 2 minutes, Specific Bands: 17 and 19 kDa

FAQs for LC3A Antibody (NB100-2331). (Showing 1 - 3 of 3 FAQs).

1. May we ask if it is possible to perform IF to stain LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors?
   • Yes, it is possible to perform IF stain for LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors! You will have to use two different primary antibodies and in order to avoid any potential background/cross reactivity issues, I would suggest that you employ conjugated primary antibodies for the testing. 1. Our LC3I antibody (NBP1-78964) has been designed to specifically detect the cytosolic form of the LC3 protein which is actually LC3 I (Note: LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes). 2. There is not even a single antibody to our knowledge that would exclusively detect the LC3 II form, and you would have to detect LC3II/ autophagic membranes form with an antibody which detects LC3 I/LC3II together. Therefore you may opt second antibody from one of the followings: LC3 Antibody (NB100-2220), LC3 Antibody (NB100-2331), LC3 Antibody (NBP1-19167). All of these mentioned catalog #s come with different options for their conjugated forms and you may select appropriate conjugated forms for performing the IF staining using our explained criteria.
2. I am interested in detecting the LC3 protein in the sea anemone Aiptasia. I have used your LC3 antibody (NB100-2331) and got a band in my Western blot at around 15 kD, which seems reasonable. However I would like to know how likely it is that your antibody binds to the LC3 protein of Aiptasia? Unfortunately I could not find the protein sequence against which the LC3 antibody was raised to and am hoping you could help me. The protein sequence for the Aiptasia LC3 is: MGDNNVLSYKPFKQRKSFVSRRDEVAGIRAKFPSKVPVIVERYHKERDLPLLDKTKFLVPQELTMSQFVTIIRNRMSLSS TQAFYLIVNNKSLASMSMTMAELYREEKDEDGFLYMVYASQEMFGCNS
   • In comparing the sequences of the human LC3 and Aiptasia proteins, and it seems as though there is very low homology. There is only 62% sequence similarity, and we generally don't recommend antibodies for novel species unless they have at least 85%. There is a chance that it will work, but we cannot guarantee it.
3. Do you have any data or reason to believe the your LC3 antibody (NB100-2331) has a higher affinity to LC3-II than to LC3-I?
   • No, we do not have any data or reason to believe that NB100-2331 has a higher affinity to LC3-II than to LC3-I. This antibody was raised using a synthetic peptide made to an internal portion of the human LC3 protein sequence (between residues 25-121) as an immunogen and is expected to detect both LC3-I as well as LC3-II, and their signal will depend upon their respective amounts being present in your samples at the time of detection.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: MAP1LC3A