Amphiregulin Antibody (31221)

Recombinant Human Amphiregulin (Catalog # 262-AR) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human Amphiregulin (50 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Human Amphiregulin Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB262). The ND50 is typically 5-15 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, B/N, ELISA(Cap)
• Clone: 31221
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

Amphiregulin Antibody (31221) Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human Amphiregulin
• Specificity: Detects human Amphiregulin (AR) in Western blots. In this format, this antibody shows less than 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant human HB-EGF.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG1
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: AREG
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 2-8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Neutralization 5-15 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Detection: Human Amphiregulin Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog number BAF262)
  Standard: Recombinant Human Amphiregulin (Catalog number 262-AR)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Amphiregulin Antibody (31221)

• Amphiregulin
• AR
• AREG
• AREGB
• Colorectum cell-derived growth factor
• CRDGF
• MGC13647
• schwannoma-derived growth factor
• SDGF

Background

Amphiregulin (AR) is a member of the EGF family of cytokines which is comprised of at least ten proteins including EGF, TGF-alpha , HB-EGF, and the various heregulins. All of these cytokines are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are characterized by the presence of one or several EGF structural units in their extracellular domain. The soluble forms of these cytokines are released by proteolytic cleavage. Amphiregulin was originally isolated from the conditioned media of a PMA-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. The AR cDNA encodes a 252 amino acid (aa) residue transmembrane precursor. Multiple forms of native AR containing either 78 or 84 aa residues and both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides have been found. Amphiregulin mRNA expression can be detected in numerous carcinoma cell lines and the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary, kidney, etc.

Human AR stimulates the proliferation of various human and mouse keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. AR is also a growth inhibitor for various tumor cell lines. In certain colon carcinoma cell lines, AR has been shown to be an autocrine growth factor. Amphiregulin can bind to the EGF receptor. It has been suggested that in certain cell types, AR bioactivity may be mediated through the EGF receptor. The 98 aa residue long form of recombinant amphiregulin has shown to be approximately 5-10 fold more active than the 78 aa residue form of recombinant AR in an in vitro proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 fibroblasts.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Amphiregulin Antibody (MAB262)(19)

Publications using MAB262

• Zhao, R;Wang, Z;Wang, G;Geng, J;Wu, H;Liu, X;Bin, E;Sui, J;Dai, H;Tang, N; Sustained amphiregulin expression in intermediate alveolar stem cells drives progressive fibrosis Cell stem cell 2024-07-27 [PMID: 39096904] (Neutralization, Human)
• Miranda, AX;Kemp, J;Davidson, B;Bellomo, SE;Agan, V;Manoni, A;Marchiò, C;Croessmann, S;Park, BH;Hodges, E; Genomic dissection and mutation-specific target discovery for breast cancer PIK3CA hotspot mutations bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-01-04 [PMID: 38260414] (Neutralization, Human)
• Ian T. Stancil, Jacob E. Michalski, Corinne E. Hennessy, Kristina L. Hatakka, Ivana V. Yang, Jonathan S. Kurche et al. Interleukin-6–dependent epithelial fluidization initiates fibrotic lung remodeling Science Translational Medicine 7/20/2022 [PMID: 35857823]
• Karen Agaronyan, Lokesh Sharma, Bharat Vaidyanathan, Keith Glenn, Shuang Yu, Charles Annicelli et al. Tissue remodeling by an opportunistic pathogen triggers allergic inflammation Immunity 5/1/2022 [PMID: 35483356]
• IT Stancil, JE Michalski, D Davis-Hall, HW Chu, JA Park, CM Magin, IV Yang, BJ Smith, E Dobrinskik, DA Schwartz Pulmonary fibrosis distal airway epithelia are dynamically and structurally dysfunctional Nature Communications, 2021-07-27;12(1):4566. 2021-07-27 [PMID: 34315881] (Neutralization, Human)
• TJ Aikin, AF Peterson, MJ Pokrass, HR Clark, S Regot MAPK activity dynamics regulate non-cell autonomous effects of oncogene expression Elife, 2020-09-17;9(0):. 2020-09-17 [PMID: 32940599] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Alexander E. Davies, Michael Pargett, Stefan Siebert, Taryn E. Gillies, Yongin Choi, Savannah J. Tobin et al. Systems-Level Properties of EGFR-RAS-ERK Signaling Amplify Local Signals to Generate Dynamic Gene Expression Heterogeneity Cell Systems 8/1/2020 [PMID: 32726596]
• JH Ko, HJ Kim, HJ Jeong, HJ Lee, JY Oh Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cells Harness Macrophage-Derived Amphiregulin to Maintain Tissue Homeostasis Cell Rep, 2020-03-17;30(11):3806-3820.e6. 2020-03-17 [PMID: 32187551] (Neutralization, Human)
• S Raimondo, L Saieva, E Vicario, M Pucci, D Toscani, M Manno, S Raccosta, N Giuliani, R Alessandro Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes are enriched of amphiregulin (AREG) and activate the epidermal growth factor pathway in the bone microenvironment leading to osteoclastogenesis J Hematol Oncol, 2019-01-08;12(1):2. 2019-01-08 [PMID: 30621731] (Human)
• SJ Walker, LM Selfors, BL Margolis, JS Brugge CRB3 and the FERM protein EPB41L4B regulate proliferation of mammary epithelial cells through the release of amphiregulin PLoS ONE, 2018-11-15;13(11):e0207470. 2018-11-15 [PMID: 30440051] (ICC, Human)
• Donald M. Bryant, Konstantinos Sousounis, Duygu Payzin-Dogru, Sevara Bryant, Aaron Gabriel W. Sandoval, Jose Martinez Fernandez et al. Identification of regenerative roadblocks via repeat deployment of limb regeneration in axolotls npj Regenerative Medicine 11/6/2017 [PMID: 29302364]
• Stoll S, Stuart P, Lambert S, Gandarillas A, Rittie L, Johnston A, Elder J Membrane-Tethered Intracellular Domain of Amphiregulin Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation. J Invest Dermatol, 2016-02-01;136(2):444-52. 2016-02-01 [PMID: 26802239] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Makio Saeki, Hiroshi Egusa, Yuya Kamano, Yoshito Kakihara, Walid A. Houry, Hirofumi Yatani et al. Exosome-Bound WD Repeat Protein Monad Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Invasion by Degrading Amphiregulin mRNA PLoS ONE 7/3/2013 [PMID: 23844004]
• Manuel Tardáguila, Emilia Mira, Miguel A. García-Cabezas, Anna M. Feijoo, Miguel Quintela-Fandino, Iñigo Azcoitia et al. CX3CL1 Promotes Breast Cancer via Transactivation of the EGF Pathway Cancer Research 7/15/2013 [PMID: 23720051]
• Maria U. Latasa, Fabiana Salis, Raquel Urtasun, Oihane Garcia-Irigoyen, Maria Elizalde, Iker Uriarte et al. Regulation of Amphiregulin Gene Expression by beta -Catenin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: A Novel Crosstalk between FGF19 and the EGFR System PLoS ONE 12/20/2012 [PMID: 23285165]
• Hassan Lemjabbar-Alaoui, Sukhvinder S. Sidhu, Aklilu Mengistab, Marianne Gallup, Carol Basbaum TACE/ADAM-17 Phosphorylation by PKC-Epsilon Mediates Premalignant Changes in Tobacco Smoke-Exposed Lung Cells PLoS ONE 3/15/2011 [PMID: 21423656]
• Margherita Sisto, Sabrina Lisi, Dario Domenico Lofrumento, Liana Cucci, Vincenzo Mitolo, Massimo D'Amore RETRACTED: Blockade of TNF-alpha signaling suppresses the AREG-mediated IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines secretion induced by anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies Laboratory Investigation 9/20/2010 [PMID: 20856228]
• Stoll SW, Johnson JL, Li Y, Rittie L, Elder JT Amphiregulin carboxy-terminal domain is required for autocrine keratinocyte growth. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010-04-29;130(8):2031-40. 2010-04-29 [PMID: 20428186] (Neutralization, Human)
• Gonzalez RM, Seurynck-Servoss SL, Crowley SA Development and validation of sandwich ELISA microarrays with minimal assay interference. J. Proteome Res., 2008-04-19;7(6):2406-14. 2008-04-19 [PMID: 18422355] (ELISA Microarray Development, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AREG