Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of HEC-1-B human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line and U-87 MG human glioblastoma/astrocytoma cell line. PVDF Membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2639) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF019). A specific band was detected for Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 at approximately 105 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.

Simple Western lane view shows lysates ofU‑87 MG human glioblastoma/astrocytoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 at approximately 109 kDa (as indicated) using 10 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2639) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the12-230 kDa separation system.

LOXL2 is responsible for increased collagen crosslinking activity in hypoxic EC‐derived exosomes. (A) LOXL2 mRNA expression is decreased in shLOXL2‐transfected EC (shLOXL2) compared to control‐infected EC (shCtrl) (n = 7 ± SD, Student's t‐test). (B) LOXL2 protein expression is decreased in shLOXL2‐transfected EC‐derived exosomes. (C) Analysis of lysyl oxidase activity in exosomes from control (shCtrl) and LOXL2 knock‐down (shLOXL2) (n = 3 ± SD, Student's t‐test). (D) Collagen gels comparing control buffer (Vehicle), and exosomes from control (Exosomes shCtrl) and LOXL2 knock‐down (Exosomes shLOXL2) EC, and (E) quantification of gel contraction after 36 hrs for these conditions (n = 3 ± SD, anova). Collagen crosslinking activity of exosomes from control and LOXL2 knock‐down EC at 20% (Exosomes Control and shLOXL2 Control) and 2% O2 (shLOXL2 Hypoxia) was assessed using (F) the in vitro lysyl oxidase assay and (G and H) the collagen gel contraction assay (n = 3 ± SD, anova). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26612622), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, Simple Western, IP
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2
  Gln26-Gln774
  Accession # AAH00594
• Specificity: Detects human Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: LOXL2
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunoprecipitation 25 ug/mL
  • Simple Western 10 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• EC 1.4.3
• EC 1.4.3.-
• LOL2
• LOR2
• LOXL2
• Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2
• lysyl oxidase related 2
• lysyl oxidase-like 2
• Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2
• Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2
• Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14
• WS9-14

Background

Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2 (lysyl oxidase-like protein 2, LOXL2) is a member of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) gene family which includes LOXL1 through LOXL4. These enzymes are secreted copper-binding amine oxidases that oxidize primary amine substrates to aldehydes (1). The N-terminal region of LOXL2 contains four scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains, and the C-terminal region is a catalytic domain similar to other lysyl oxidases (1). The catalytic domain contains conserved residues required for copper binding and formation of a lysyl tyrosylquinone co-factor (2). Although some of the LOXL enzymes are known to cross-link collagen and elastin substrates, such a function has yet to be characterized for LOXL2. It has been shown that LOXL2 promotes cell migration and tumor cell invasiveness (3, 4). Elevated expression of LOXL2 is also associated with cancer progression in various tumors and carcinoma cell lines, which makes it a potential marker for prognosis of cancer (5). LOXL2 is expressed in many tissues, with elevated levels in reproductive tissues such as placenta, uterus, and prostate (6).

1. Csiszar, H. (2001) Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 70:1.
2. Maki, J.M. and K.I. Kivirikko (2001) Biochem J. 355:381.
3. Akiri, G. et al. (2003) Cancer Res. 63:1657.
4. Hollosi, P. et al. (2009) Int. J. Cancer. 125:318.
5. Peinado, H. et al. (2008) Cancer Res. 68:4541.
6. Jourdan-Le Saux C. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:12939.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Lysyl Oxidase Homolog 2/LOXL2 Antibody (AF2639)(7)

Publications using AF2639

• Y Yao, A Findlay, J Stolp, B Rayner, K Ask, W Jarolimek Pan-Lysyl Oxidase Inhibitor PXS-5505 Ameliorates Multiple-Organ Fibrosis by Inhibiting Collagen Crosslinks in Rodent Models of Systemic Sclerosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-05-16;23(10):. 2022-05-16 [PMID: 35628342] (IHC, Western Blot, Human, Mouse)
• CJ Brereton, L Yao, ER Davies, Y Zhou, M Vukmirovic, JA Bell, S Wang, RA Ridley, LSN Dean, OG Andriotis, F Conforti, L Brewitz, S Mohammed, T Wallis, A Tavassoli, RM Ewing, A Alzetani, BG Marshall, SV Fletcher, PJ Thurner, A Fabre, N Kaminski, L Richeldi, A Bhaskar, CJ Schofield, M Loxham, DE Davies, Y Wang, MG Jones Pseudohypoxic HIF pathway activation dysregulates collagen structure-function in human lung fibrosis Elife, 2022-02-21;11(0):. 2022-02-21 [PMID: 35188460] (IHC, Human)
• Olivier G. de Jong, Lizet M. van der Waals, Farah R. W. Kools, Marianne C. Verhaar, Bas W. M. van Balkom Lysyl oxidase‐like 2 is a regulator of angiogenesis through modulation of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition Journal of Cellular Physiology 7/1/2019 [PMID: 30387148]
• Olivier G. de Jong, Lizet M. van der Waals, Farah R. W. Kools, Marianne C. Verhaar, Bas W. M. van Balkom Lysyl oxidase‐like 2 is a regulator of angiogenesis through modulation of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition Journal of Cellular Physiology 2019-07-01 [PMID: 30387148] (Western Blot, Human)
• Dominic Cosgrove, Brianna Dufek, Daniel T. Meehan, Duane Delimont, Michael Hartnett, Gina Samuelson et al. Lysyl oxidase like-2 contributes to renal fibrosis in Col4a3/Alport Mice. Kidney International 8/1/2018 [PMID: 29759420]
• de Jong OG, van Balkom BW, Gremmels H, Verhaar MC. Exosomes from hypoxic endothelial cells have increased collagen crosslinking activity through up-regulation of lysyl oxidase-like 2. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 11/27/2015 [PMID: 26612622]
• de Jong OG, Verhaar MC, Chen Y et al. Cellular stress conditions are reflected in the protein and RNA content of endothelial cell-derived exosomes. J Extracell Vesicles. 1/1/2012 [PMID: 24009886]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: LOXL2
• Uniprot:
  • AAH00594()