Follistatin Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Human Follistatin 300 (Catalog #669‑FO) inhibits Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (Catalog # 338-AC) induced hemoglobin expression in the K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line), as measured by psuedoperoxidase activity. Inhibition of Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Activin A (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Recombinant Human Follistatin 300 (0.4 µg/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Follistatin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF669). At 6 μg/mL, this antibody will neutralize > 60% of rhFollistatin 300 bioactivity.

Follistatin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast using Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Follistatin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF669) at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to epithelial cells. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Follistatin (FST) expression is repressed in mouse mammary tumors and is restored using an Fst-expressing transgene. a Endogenous Fst expression in normal mouse mammary glands compared with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, receptor tyrosine protein kinase erbB-2, proto-oncogene Neu (Her2/Neu)-induced mammary tumors (*p < 0.05). b Immunohistochemical analysis of endogenous FST expression in mouse mammary epithelia and tumors. cFst expression in Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) tumors. Fst messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (**p < 0.01). d Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained mammary tumors from Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) mice are shown in the upper two panels. Immunohistochemistry for total (endogenous and transgenic) FST expression in lower two panels in single (left) and bitransgenic (right) tumors. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583174), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Follistatin (FST) expression is repressed in mouse mammary tumors and is restored using an Fst-expressing transgene. a Endogenous Fst expression in normal mouse mammary glands compared with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, receptor tyrosine protein kinase erbB-2, proto-oncogene Neu (Her2/Neu)-induced mammary tumors (*p < 0.05). b Immunohistochemical analysis of endogenous FST expression in mouse mammary epithelia and tumors. cFst expression in Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) tumors. Fst messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (**p < 0.01). d Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained mammary tumors from Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) mice are shown in the upper two panels. Immunohistochemistry for total (endogenous and transgenic) FST expression in lower two panels in single (left) and bitransgenic (right) tumors. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583174), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Follistatin (FST) expression is repressed in mouse mammary tumors and is restored using an Fst-expressing transgene. a Endogenous Fst expression in normal mouse mammary glands compared with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, receptor tyrosine protein kinase erbB-2, proto-oncogene Neu (Her2/Neu)-induced mammary tumors (*p < 0.05). b Immunohistochemical analysis of endogenous FST expression in mouse mammary epithelia and tumors. cFst expression in Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) tumors. Fst messenger RNA expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (**p < 0.01). d Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained mammary tumors from Neu (single) and Neu/FST (bitransgenic) mice are shown in the upper two panels. Immunohistochemistry for total (endogenous and transgenic) FST expression in lower two panels in single (left) and bitransgenic (right) tumors Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583174), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Follistatin Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human (rh) Follistatin
  Gly30-Asp329
  Accession # P19883
• Specificity: Detects human and mouse Follistatin in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: FST
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 6 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Follistatin Antibody [Unconjugated]

• follistatin isoform FST317
• Follistatin
• FS
• FSActivin-binding protein
• FST

Background

Follistatin (FS) was initially identified as a follicle-stimulating hormone inhibiting substance found in ovarian follicular fluid. It has since been shown that FS is a high‑affinity activin-binding protein that can act as an activin antagonist. Two alternatively spliced follistatin mRNAs, encoding mature FS with 288 amino acid (aa) residues (FS-288) and 315 aa residues (FS-315), exist. Natural FS purified from porcine ovaries is primarily a carboxy-terminal truncated form of FS-315 composed of 300 aa residues. The recombinant human FS-300 produced at R&D Systems contains 301 aa residues and represents a molecular form derived from human FS‑315 containing a truncation of 15 residues from the carboxy–terminus. FS-288 binds with high‑affinity to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans whereas FS-315 binds with low-affinity. The binding affinity of R&D Systems’ FS-300 to heparan sulfate has not been determined. Cell surface-associated FS has been suggested to play a role in the clearance and bioavailability of activin in vivo. Besides activin, FS has also been shown to bind with multiple BMPs and to inhibit BMP activity in early Xenopus embryos. FS deficient mice have been shown to have multiple embryonic defects that will result in death shortly after birth. Overexpression of FS can also cause reproductive defects in transgenic mice. Over aa 30-329, human Follistatin shares 97% aa identity with mouse Follistatin.

1. Iemura, S. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:9337
2. Guo, Q. (1998) Mol. Endocrinol. 12:96
3. Hashimoto, O. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:13835

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Follistatin Antibody (AF669)(15)

Publications using AF669

• M Ishan, Z Wang, P Zhao, Y Yao, S Stice, L Wells, Y Mishina, HX Liu Taste papilla cell differentiation requires tongue mesenchyme via ALK3-BMP signaling to regulate the production of secretory proteins bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-04-04;0(0):. 2023-04-04 [PMID: 37066397] (IHC, Mouse)
• Salemi S, Schori L, Gerwinn T et al. Myostatin Overexpression and Smad Pathway in Detrusor Derived from Pediatric Patients with End-Stage Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023-02-24 [PMID: 36901894] (Simple Western, Human)
• Dong Won Kim, Elsie Place, Kavitha Chinnaiya, Elizabeth Manning, Changyu Sun, Weina Dai et al. Single-cell analysis of early chick hypothalamic development reveals that hypothalamic cells are induced from prethalamic-like progenitors Cell Reports 2022-01-18 [PMID: 35045288]
• R Tang, NS Harasymowi, CL Wu, KH Collins, YR Choi, SJ Oswald, F Guilak Gene therapy for follistatin mitigates systemic metabolic inflammation and post-traumatic arthritis in high-fat diet-induced obesity Sci Adv, 2020-05-08;6(19):eaaz7492. 2020-05-08 [PMID: 32426485] (IHC, Mouse)
• A Iskenderia, N Liu, Q Deng, Y Huang, C Shen, K Palmieri, R Crooker, D Lundberg, N Kastrapeli, B Pescatore, A Romashko, J Dumas, R Comeau, A Norton, J Pan, H Rong, K Derakhchan, DE Ehmann Myostatin and activin blockade by engineered follistatin results in hypertrophy and improves dystrophic pathology in mdx mouse more than myostatin blockade alone Skelet Muscle, 2018-10-27;8(1):34. 2018-10-27 [PMID: 30368252]
• L Formicola, A Pannérec, RM Correra, B Gayraud-Mo, D Ollitrault, V Besson, S Tajbakhsh, J Lachey, JS Seehra, G Marazzi, DA Sassoon Inhibition of the Activin Receptor Type-2B Pathway Restores Regenerative Capacity in Satellite Cell-Depleted Skeletal Muscle Front Physiol, 2018-05-24;9(0):515. 2018-05-24 [PMID: 29881353] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Chuan Shen, Andrea Iskenderian, Dianna Lundberg, Tao He, Kathleen Palmieri, Robert Crooker et al. Protein Engineering on Human Recombinant Follistatin: Enhancing Pharmacokinetic Characteristics for Therapeutic Application Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2018-08-01 [PMID: 29752426]
• L George, A Mitra, TA Thimraj, M Irmler, S Vishweswar, L Lunding, D Hühn, A Madurga, J Beckers, H Fehrenbach, S Upadhyay, H Schulz, GD Leikauf, K Ganguly Transcriptomic analysis comparing mouse strains with extreme total lung capacities identifies novel candidate genes for pulmonary function Respir. Res., 2017-08-09;18(1):152. 2017-08-09 [PMID: 28793908] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• DD Seachrist, ST Sizemore, E Johnson, FW Abdul-Kari, KL Weber Bonk, RA Keri Follistatin is a metastasis suppressor in a mouse model of HER2-positive breast cancer Breast Cancer Res., 2017-06-05;19(1):66. 2017-06-05 [PMID: 28583174] (IHC, Mouse)
• Yang Y, Zhang N, Crombruggen K, Lan F, Hu G, Hong S, Bachert C Differential Expression and Release of Activin A and Follistatin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps. PLoS ONE, 2015-06-01;10(6):e0128564. 2015-06-01 [PMID: 26030615] (IHC-Fr, Human)
• Sarhan D, Palma M, Mao Y, Adamson L, Kiessling R, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A, Lundqvist A Dendritic cell regulation of NK-cell responses involves lymphotoxin-alpha, IL-12, and TGF-beta. Eur J Immunol, 2015-04-17;45(6):1783-93. 2015-04-17 [PMID: 25773885] (Bioassay, Human)
• Stephanie Mosler, Karima Relizani, Etienne Mouisel, Helge Amthor, Patrick Diel Combinatory effects of siRNA-induced myostatin inhibition and exercise on skeletal muscle homeostasis and body composition Physiological Reports 2014-04-25 [PMID: 24760516]
• Diel P, Schiffer T, Geisler S, Hertrampf T, Mosler S, Schulz S, Wintgens KF, Adler M Analysis of the effects of androgens and training on myostatin propeptide and follistatin concentrations in blood and skeletal muscle using highly sensitive Immuno PCR. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 2010-08-27;330(1):1-9. 2010-08-27 [PMID: 20801187] (ELISA Development, Immuno-PCR, Western Blot, Human)
• Addolorata Pisconti, Silvia Brunelli, Monica Di Padova, Clara De Palma, Daniela Deponti, Silvia Baesso et al. Follistatin induction by nitric oxide through cyclic GMP: a tightly regulated signaling pathway that controls myoblast fusion The Journal of Cell Biology 2006-01-16 [PMID: 16401724]
• Abe Y, Abe T, Aida Y, Hara Y, Maeda K Follistatin restricts bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 action on the differentiation of osteoblasts in fetal rat mandibular cells. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2004-05-03;19(8):1302-7. 2004-05-03 [PMID: 15231018] (Neutralization, Rat)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FST
• Uniprot:
  • P19883()