Amphiregulin Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows 25 ng of Recombinant Mouse Amphiregulin (Catalog # 989-AR), Recombinant Human Amphiregulin (Catalog # 262-AR), and Recombinant Mouse HB-EGF. PVDF Membrane was probed with 0.1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Mouse Amphiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF989) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). A specific band was detected for Amphiregulin at approximately 16-25 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 3.

Amphiregulin was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of mouse skin using Goat Anti-Mouse Amphiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF989) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to keratinocytes. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

Recombinant Mouse Amphiregulin (Catalog # 989‑AR) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Mouse Amphiregulin (50 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Mouse Amphiregulin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF989). The ND50 is typically 0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N, ELISA(Cap)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Amphiregulin Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant mouse Amphiregulin
  Ser94-Lys191
  Accession # P31955
• Specificity: Detects mouse Amphiregulin in ELISAs and Western Blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human Amphiregulin is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: AREG
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.2-0.8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.3-1.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Mouse Amphiregulin Antibody (Catalog # AF989)
  ELISA Detection: Mouse Amphiregulin Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF989)
  Standard: Recombinant Mouse Amphiregulin (Catalog # 989-AR)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Amphiregulin Antibody [Unconjugated]

• Amphiregulin
• AR
• AREG
• AREGB
• Colorectum cell-derived growth factor
• CRDGF
• MGC13647
• schwannoma-derived growth factor
• SDGF

Background

Amphiregulin (AR), also known as Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF), is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors which includes, AR, EGF, transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a), heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), betacellulin (BTC), epiregulin, and the neuregulins-1 through -4. All EGF family members are synthesized as type I transmembrane precursors and contain one or several EGF domains in their extracellular region. The bioactive form of the proteins is released by proteolytic cleavage. The ErbB family of receptors that includes ErbB1‑B4, mediates the biological activities of the EGF family ligands. AR was originally isolated from the conditioned media of PMA-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. AR mRNA expression can be detected in numerous carcinoma cell lines and in the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary and kidney. AR stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes and glial cells. AR is also a growth inhibitor for certain tumor cells. The gene for AR has been mapped to human chromosome 4q13-q21 and mouse chromosome 5. Human and mouse AR cDNA encode 252 and 248 amino acid residue type I membrane proteins, respectively. The two proteins share approximately 69% sequence identity. Mouse AR also shares 81% amino acid sequence homology with rat AR. Several secreted isoforms of AR that vary in length and/or glycosylation level can be found in cell conditioned media. The 98 amino acid residue recombinant AR has better receptor binding and biological activity than the C-terminal truncated forms of the protein.

1. Thompson, S.A. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:17927.
2. Sonoda, H. et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185:103.
3. Normanno, N. et al. (2001) Frontiers in Bioscience 6:685.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Amphiregulin Antibody (AF989)(25)

Publications using AF989

• Lim, M;Kim, T;Kim, H;Jang, BG;Myung, JK;Kim, HY; Esophageal ILC2s mediate abnormal epithelial remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis via Areg-EGFR signaling Cellular and Molecular Immunology 2024-12-09 [PMID: 39653767] (Neutralization, Transgenic Mouse)
• Ma, R;Prigge, AD;Ortiz Serrano, TP;Cheng, Y;Davis, JM;Lou, KF;Wood, WA;Do, HC;Ren, Z;Fulcer, MM;Lotesto, MJ;Singer, BD;Coates, BM;Ridge, KM; Vimentin modulates regulatory T cell receptor-ligand interactions at distal pole complex, leading to dysregulated host response to viral pneumonia Cell reports 2024-12-07 [PMID: 39645657] (In vivo assay, Mouse)
• Walkenhorst, M;Sonner, JK;Meurs, N;Engler, JB;Bauer, S;Winschel, I;Woo, MS;Raich, L;Winkler, I;Vieira, V;Unger, L;Salinas, G;Lantz, O;Friese, MA;Willing, A; Protective effect of TCR-mediated MAIT cell activation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Nature communications 2024-10-28 [PMID: 39468055] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Loffredo, LF;Kaiser, KA;Kornberg, A;Rao, S;de Los Santos-Alexis, K;Han, A;Arpaia, N; An amphiregulin reporter mouse enables transcriptional and clonal expansion analysis of reparative lung Treg cells bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-09-28 [PMID: 39386607] (Neutralization, Transgenic Mouse)
• J Liu, L Pan, W Hong, S Chen, P Bai, W Luo, X Sun, F He, X Jia, J Cai, Y Chen, K Hu, Z Song, J Ge, A Sun GPR174 knockdown enhances blood flow recovery in hindlimb ischemia mice model by upregulating AREG expression Nature Communications, 2022-12-06;13(1):7519. 2022-12-06 [PMID: 36473866] (Neutralization, Transgenic Mouse)
• AM Tsou, H Yano, CN Parkhurst, T Mahlakõiv, C Chu, W Zhang, Z He, KJ Jarick, C Zhong, GG Putzel, M Hatazaki, JRI IBD Li, IC Lorenz, D Andrew, P Balderes, CSN Klose, SA Lira, D Artis Neuropeptide regulation of non-redundant ILC2 responses at barrier surfaces Nature, 2022-11-02;0(0):. 2022-11-02 [PMID: 36323781] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse, Transgenic Mouse)
• Karen Agaronyan, Lokesh Sharma, Bharat Vaidyanathan, Keith Glenn, Shuang Yu, Charles Annicelli et al. Tissue remodeling by an opportunistic pathogen triggers allergic inflammation Immunity 5/1/2022 [PMID: 35483356]
• Lauren M. Buelow, Akihiko Hoji, Kiet Tat, Lindsay M. Schroeder-Carter, Daniela J. Carroll, Joan M. Cook-Mills Mechanisms for Alternaria alternata Function in the Skin During Induction of Peanut Allergy in Neonatal Mice With Skin Barrier Mutations Frontiers in Allergy 9/6/2021 [PMID: 35387035]
• Lauren M. Buelow, Akihiko Hoji, Kiet Tat, Lindsay M. Schroeder-Carter, Daniela J. Carroll, Joan M. Cook-Mills Mechanisms for Alternaria alternata Function in the Skin During Induction of Peanut Allergy in Neonatal Mice With Skin Barrier Mutations Frontiers in Allergy 2021-09-06 [PMID: 35387035] (In vivo assay, Mouse)
• Jin Bu, Shiyuan Huang, Jue Wang, Tong Xia, Hui Liu, Ya You et al. The GABAA Receptor Influences Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure by Modulating Macrophages in Mice Frontiers in Immunology 5/31/2021 [PMID: 34135897]
• Hani Harb, Mehdi Benamar, Peggy S. Lai, Paola Contini, Jason W. Griffith, Elena Crestani et al. Notch4 signaling limits regulatory T-cell-mediated tissue repair and promotes severe lung inflammation in viral infections Immunity 6/1/2021 [PMID: 33915108]
• Mukharram M. Bikbov, Timur A. Khalimov, Marc Cerrada-Gimenez, Symantas Ragauskas, Giedrius Kalesnykas, Jost B. Jonas Compatibility of intravitreally applied epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin International Ophthalmology 6/1/2021 [PMID: 33713254]
• H Shime, M Odanaka, M Tsuiji, T Matoba, M Imai, Y Yasumizu, R Uraki, K Minohara, M Watanabe, AJ Bonito, H Fukuyama, N Ohkura, S Sakaguchi, A Morita, S Yamazaki Proenkephalin+ regulatory T cells expanded by ultraviolet B exposure maintain skin homeostasis with a healing function Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2020-08-07;0(0):. 2020-08-07 [PMID: 32769209] (IHC, Neutralization, Mouse)
• W Dong, L Liu, Y Dou, M Xu, T Liu, S Wang, Y Zhang, B Deng, B Wang, H Cao Deoxycholic acid activates epidermal growth factor receptor and promotes intestinal carcinogenesis by ADAM17-dependent ligand release J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2018-06-29;0(0):. 2018-06-29 [PMID: 29956475] (Mouse)
• S Taverna, M Pucci, M Giallombar, MA Di Bella, M Santarpia, P Reclusa, I Gil-Bazo, C Rolfo, R Alessandro Amphiregulin contained in NSCLC-exosomes induces osteoclast differentiation through the activation of EGFR pathway Sci Rep, 2017-06-09;7(1):3170. 2017-06-09 [PMID: 28600504] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• K Fujiu, M Shibata, Y Nakayama, F Ogata, S Matsumoto, K Noshita, S Iwami, S Nakae, I Komuro, R Nagai, I Manabe A heart-brain-kidney network controls adaptation to cardiac stress through tissue macrophage activation Nat. Med., 2017-04-10;23(5):611-622. 2017-04-10 [PMID: 28394333] (IHC, Neutralization, Mouse)
• WJ Jiang, HX Song, SY Li, B Guo, JF Wu, GP Li, DD Guo, L Shi, HS Bi, JB Jonas Amphiregulin Antibody and Reduction of Axial Elongation in Experimental Myopia EBioMedicine, 2017-02-23;0(0):. 2017-02-23 [PMID: 28256400] (Neutralization, Guinea Pig)
• Owen M. Siggs, Adam Grieve, Hongmei Xu, Paul Bambrough, Yonka Christova, Matthew Freeman Genetic interaction implicates iRhom2 in the regulation of EGF receptor signalling in mice Biology Open 12/15/2014 [PMID: 25395669]
• Owen M. Siggs, Adam Grieve, Hongmei Xu, Paul Bambrough, Yonka Christova, Matthew Freeman Genetic interaction implicates iRhom2 in the regulation of EGF receptor signalling in mice Biology Open 2014-12-15 [PMID: 25395669] (Western Blot, Transgenic Mouse)
• Yang Y, Ahn Y, Chen Y, Tan X, Guo L, Gibbons D, Ungewiss C, Peng D, Liu X, Lin S, Thilaganathan N, Wistuba I, Rodriguez-Canales J, McLendon G, Creighton C, Kurie J ZEB1 sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis suppression by PI3K antagonism. J Clin Invest, 2014-04-24;124(6):2696-708. 2014-04-24 [PMID: 24762440] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Lindsey K. Bade, Jodi E. Goldberg, Hazel A. DeHut, Majken K. Hall, Kathryn L. Schwertfeger Mammary tumorigenesis induced by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 requires activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor Journal of Cell Science 9/15/2011 [PMID: 21868365]
• Murthy A, Defamie V, Smookler DS Ectodomain shedding of EGFR ligands and TNFR1 dictates hepatocyte apoptosis during fulminant hepatitis in mice. J. Clin. Invest., 2010-07-12;120(8):2731-44. 2010-07-12 [PMID: 20628198] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Olson LK, Tan Y, Zhao Y, Aupperlee MD, Haslam SZ Pubertal exposure to high fat diet causes mouse strain-dependent alterations in mammary gland development and estrogen responsiveness. Int J Obes (Lond), 2010-03-16;34(9):1415-26. 2010-03-16 [PMID: 20231845] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Mallakin A, Sugiyama T, Kai F, Taneja P, Kendig RD, Frazier DP, Maglic D, Matise LA, Willingham MC, Inoue K The Arf-inducing transcription factor Dmp1 encodes a transcriptional activator of amphiregulin, thrombospondin-1, JunB and Egr1. Int. J. Cancer, 2010-03-15;126(6):1403-16. 2010-03-15 [PMID: 19816943] (IHC-P, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Monslow J, Sato N, Mack JA, Maytin EV Wounding-induced synthesis of hyaluronic acid in organotypic epidermal cultures requires the release of heparin-binding egf and activation of the EGFR. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2009-02-19;129(8):2046-58. 2009-02-19 [PMID: 19225541] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AREG
• Uniprot:
  • P31955()