Recombinant Human Follistatin 300 Protein

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human Follistatin 300 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to neutralize Activin-mediated erythroid differentiation of K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1‑0.4 µg/mL in the presence of 7.5 ng/mL of rhActivin A.
• Source: Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human Follistatin protein
  Gly30-Asp329, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: P19883
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: FST
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 31 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 38-43 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Follistatin 300 Protein

• follistatin isoform FST317
• Follistatin
• FS
• FSActivin-binding protein
• FST

Background

Follistatin (FS) was initially identified as a follicle-stimulating hormone inhibiting substance found in ovarian follicular fluid. It has since been shown that FS is a high‑affinity activin-binding protein that can act as an activin antagonist. Two alternatively spliced follistatin mRNAs, encoding mature FS with 288 amino acid (aa) residues (FS‑288) and 315 aa residues (FS‑315), exist. Natural FS purified from porcine ovaries is primarily a carboxy-terminal truncated form of FS‑315 composed of 300 aa residues. The recombinant human FS‑300 produced at R&D Systems contains 301 aa residues and represents a molecular form derived from human FS‑315 containing a truncation of 15 residues from the carboxy–terminus. FS‑288 binds with high‑affinity to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans whereas FS‑315 binds with low‑affinity. The binding affinity of R&D Systems' FS‑300 to heparan sulfate has not been determined. Cell surface-associated FS has been suggested to play a role in the clearance and bioavailability of activin in vivo. Besides activin, FS has also been shown to bind with multiple BMPs and to inhibit BMP activity in early Xenopus embryos. FS deficient mice have been shown to have multiple embryonic defects that will result in death shortly after birth. Over‑expression of FS can also cause reproductive defects in transgenic mice.

1. Iemura, S. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:9337
2. Guo, Q. (1998) Mol. Endocrinol. 12:96
3. Hashimoto, O. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:13835

Publications for Follistatin (669-FO)(16)

Publications using 669-FO

• M Morabito, M Larcher, FM Cavalli, C Foray, A Forget, L Mirabal-Or, M Andrianter, S Druillenne, A Garancher, J Masliah-Pl, S Leboucher, A Debalkew, A Raso, O Delattre, S Puget, F Doz, MD Taylor, O Ayrault, F Bourdeaut, A Eychène, C Pouponnot An autocrine ActivinB mechanism drives TGF?/Activin signaling in Group 3 medulloblastoma EMBO Mol Med, 2019-07-22;0(0):e9830. 2019-07-22 [PMID: 31328883] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Jørgensen, J Macdonald, JE Nielsen, KR Kilcoyne, S Perlman, L Lundvall, L Langhoff T, K Juul Hare, H Frederikse, AM Andersson, NE Skakkebæk, A Juul, RM Sharpe, E Rajpert-De, RT Mitchell Nodal Signaling Regulates Germ Cell Development and Establishment of Seminiferous Cords in the Human Fetal Testis Cell Rep, 2018-11-13;25(7):1924-1937.e4. 2018-11-13 [PMID: 30428358] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Li, F Xing, F Chen, L He, KF So, Y Liu, J Xiao Functional 3D Human Liver Bud Assembled from MSC-Derived Multiple Liver Cell Lineages Cell Transplant, 2018-06-13;0(0):9636897187803. 2018-06-13 [PMID: 29895168] (Bioassay, Human)
• P De Berdt, P Bottemanne, J Bianco, M Alhouayek, A Diogenes, A Llyod, J Gerardo-Na, GA Brook, V Miron, GG Muccioli, AD Rieux Stem cells from human apical papilla decrease neuro-inflammation and stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation via activin-A secretion Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2018-02-07;0(0):. 2018-02-07 [PMID: 29417177] (Bioassay, Human/Rat)
• J Hu, X Wang, YH Tang, YG Shan, Q Zou, ZQ Wang, CX Huang Activin A inhibition attenuates sympathetic neural remodeling following myocardial infarction in rats Mol Med Rep, 2018-01-25;17(4):5074-5080. 2018-01-25 [PMID: 29393433] (In Vivo, Rat)
• M Ashry, SK Rajput, JK Folger, JG Knott, NA Hemeida, OM Kandil, RS Ragab, GW Smith Functional role of AKT signaling in bovine early embryonic development: potential link to embryotrophic actions of follistatin Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2018-01-08;16(1):1. 2018-01-08 [PMID: 29310676] (Bioassay, Bovine)
• Jonas J Staudacher, Cemal Yazici, Timothy Carroll, Jessica Bauer, Jingbo Pang, Nancy Krett, Yinglin Xia, Annette Wilson, Georgios Papachris, Andrea Dirmeier, Claudia Kunst, David C Whitcomb, Giamila Fantuzzi, Barbara Jung Activin in acute pancreatitis: Potential risk-stratifying marker and novel therapeutic target. Scientific Reports, 2017-10-06;0(0):2045-2322. 2017-10-06 [PMID: 28986573] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• DD Seachrist, ST Sizemore, E Johnson, FW Abdul-Kari, KL Weber Bonk, RA Keri Follistatin is a metastasis suppressor in a mouse model of HER2-positive breast cancer Breast Cancer Res., 2017-06-05;19(1):66. 2017-06-05 [PMID: 28583174] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yoshihisa Nojima Involvement of Infiltrating Macrophage-derived Activin A in the Progression of Renal Damage in MRL-lpr Mice Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2016-11-23;0(0):ajprenal.0019. 2016-11-23 [PMID: 27881396] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Jeanpierre S, Nicolini FE, Kaniewski B, Dumontet C, Rimokh R, Puisieux A, Maguer-Satta V BMP4 regulation of human megakaryocytic differentiation is involved in thrombopoietin signaling. Blood, 2008-07-29;112(8):3154-63. 2008-07-29 [PMID: 18664625] (Bioassay, Human)
• Alexander S, Watt F, Sawaji Y, Hermansson M, Saklatvala J Activin A is an anticatabolic autocrine cytokine in articular cartilage whose production is controlled by fibroblast growth factor 2 and NF-kappaB. Arthritis Rheum., 2007-11-01;56(11):3715-25. 2007-11-01 [PMID: 17968943] (Bioassay, Human, Porcine)
• Wen Z, Han L, Bamburg JR, Shim S, Ming GL, Zheng JQ BMP gradients steer nerve growth cones by a balancing act of LIM kinase and Slingshot phosphatase on ADF/cofilin. J. Cell Biol., 2007-07-02;178(1):107-19. 2007-07-02 [PMID: 17606869] (Bioassay, Xenopus)
• McLean AB, D&amp;apos;Amour KA, Jones KL, Krishnamoorthy M, Kulik MJ, Reynolds DM, Sheppard AM, Liu H, Xu Y, Baetge EE, Dalton S Activin a efficiently specifies definitive endoderm from human embryonic stem cells only when phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling is suppressed. Stem Cells, 2007-01-01;25(1):29-38. 2007-01-01 [PMID: 17204604] (Bioassay, Human)
• Silva JR, Tharasanit T, Taverne MA, van der Weijden GC, Santos RR, Figueiredo JR, van den Hurk R The activin-follistatin system and in vitro early follicle development in goats. J. Endocrinol., 2006-04-01;189(1):113-25. 2006-04-01 [PMID: 16614386] (Bioassay, Goat)
• Abe Y, Abe T, Aida Y, Hara Y, Maeda K Follistatin restricts bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 action on the differentiation of osteoblasts in fetal rat mandibular cells. J. Bone Miner. Res., 2004-05-03;19(8):1302-7. 2004-05-03 [PMID: 15231018] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Amthor H, Nicholas G, McKinnell I, Kemp CF, Sharma M, Kambadur R, Patel K Follistatin complexes Myostatin and antagonises Myostatin-mediated inhibition of myogenesis. Dev. Biol., 2004-06-01;270(1):19-30. 2004-06-01 [PMID: 15136138] (Bioassay, Chicken)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FST
• Uniprot:
  • P19883()