Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Marquardt, H. et al. (1984) Science 223:1079. The ED 50 for this effect is 5-15 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived human Amphiregulin protein Ser101-Lys198
• Accession #: Q5U026
• N-terminal Sequence: Ser101
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: AREG
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 11 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Amphiregulin Protein

• Amphiregulin
• AR
• AREG
• AREGB
• Colorectum cell-derived growth factor
• CRDGF
• MGC13647
• schwannoma-derived growth factor
• SDGF

Background

Amphiregulin (AR) is a member of the EGF family of cytokines which is comprised of at least ten proteins including EGF, TGF-alpha , HB-EGF, and the various heregulins. All of these cytokines are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are characterized by the presence of one or several EGF structural units in their extracellular domain. The soluble forms of these cytokines are released by proteolytic cleavage. Amphiregulin was originally isolated from the conditioned media of a PMA-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. The AR cDNA encodes a 252 amino acid (aa) residue transmembrane precursor. Multiple forms of native AR containing either 78 or 84 aa residues and both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides have been found. Amphiregulin mRNA expression can be detected in numerous carcinoma cell lines and the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary, kidney, etc. Human AR stimulates the proliferation of various human and mouse keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. AR is also a growth inhibitor for various tumor cell lines. In certain colon carcinoma cell lines, AR has been shown to be an autocrine growth factor. Amphiregulin can bind to the EGF receptor. It has been suggested that in certain cell types, AR bioactivity may be mediated through the EGF receptor. The 98 aa residue long form of recombinant amphiregulin has shown to be approximately 5 - 10 fold more active than the 78 aa residue form of recombinant AR in an in vitro proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 fibroblasts.

Publications for Amphiregulin (262-AR)(45)

Publications using 262-AR

• Um, JH;Zheng, Y;Mao, Q;Nam, C;Zhao, H;Koh, YW;Shin, SJ;Park, YM;Lin, DC; Genomic and single-cell characterization of patient-derived tumor organoid models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-07-02 [PMID: 39005427] (Bioassay, Human)
• Loffredo, LF;Surpur, A;Ringham, OR;Li, F;de Los Santos-Alexis, K;Arpaia, N; Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin signaling towards reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A infection bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-04-28 [PMID: 38712053] (Bioassay, Human)
• Dreschers, S;Platen, C;Oppermann, L;Doughty, C;Ludwig, A;Babendreyer, A;Orlikowsky, TW; EGF-Receptor against Amphiregulin (AREG) Influences Costimulatory Molecules on Monocytes and T Cells and Modulates T-Cell Responses Journal of immunology research 2023-11-24 [PMID: 38046264] (Bioassay, Human)
• Heo, YJ;Lee, N;Choi, SE;Jeon, JY;Han, SJ;Kim, DJ;Kang, Y;Lee, KW;Kim, HJ; Amphiregulin Induces iNOS and COX-2 Expression through NF-?B and MAPK Signaling in Hepatic Inflammation Mediators of inflammation 2023-10-11 [PMID: 37868614] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• Kamentseva, RS;Kharchenko, MV;Gabdrahmanova, GV;Kotov, MA;Kosheverova, VV;Kornilova, ES; EGF, TGF-? and Amphiregulin Differently Regulate Endometrium-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells International journal of molecular sciences 2023-08-29 [PMID: 37686213] (Bioassay, Human)
• TT Dellaqua, RA Vígaro, LCZ Janini, M Dal Canto, MM Renzini, V Lodde, AM Luciano, J Buratini Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) modulates oocyte nuclear maturation during IVM and improves post-IVF embryo development Theriogenology, 2022-11-03;195(0):209-216. 2022-11-03 [PMID: 36368115] (Bioassay, Bovine)
• S Gnosa, L Puig-Blasc, KB Piotrowski, ML Freiberg, S Savickas, DH Madsen, U Auf dem Ke, P Kronqvist, M Kveiborg ADAM17-mediated EGFR ligand shedding directs macrophage promoted cancer cell invasion JCI Insight, 2022-09-22;0(0):. 2022-09-22 [PMID: 35998057] (Stimulation, Human)
• M von Joest, C Chen, T Douché, J Chantrel, A Chiche, QG Gianetto, M Matondo, H Li Amphiregulin mediates non-cell-autonomous effect of senescence on reprogramming Oncogene, 2022-07-12;40(2):111074. 2022-07-12 [PMID: 35830812] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• K Ebert, I Haffner, G Zwingenber, S Keller, E Raimúndez, R Geffers, R Wirtz, E Barbaria, V Hollerieth, R Arnold, A Walch, J Hasenauer, D Maier, F Lordick, B Luber Combining gene expression analysis of gastric cancer cell lines and tumor specimens to identify biomarkers for anti-HER therapies-the role of HAS2, SHB and HBEGF BMC Cancer, 2022-03-09;22(1):254. 2022-03-09 [PMID: 35264144] (Bioassay, Human)
• C Hu, CA Leche, A Kiyatkin, Z Yu, SE Stayrook, KM Ferguson, MA Lemmon Glioblastoma mutations alter EGFR dimer structure to prevent ligand bias Nature, 2022-02-09;602(7897):518-522. 2022-02-09 [PMID: 35140400] (Bioassay, Human)
• SA Kim, H Park, KJ Kim, JW Kim, JH Sung, M Nam, JH Lee, EH Jung, KJ Suh, JY Lee, SH Kim, JO Lee, JW Kim, YJ Kim, JH Kim, SM Bang, JS Lee, KW Lee Amphiregulin can predict treatment resistance to palliative first-line cetuximab plus FOLFIRI chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer Scientific Reports, 2021-12-10;11(1):23803. 2021-12-10 [PMID: 34893673] (Bioassay, Human)
• KS Yang, PC Che, MJ Hsieh, IN Lee, YP Wu, MS Chen, JC Chen Propofol induces apoptosis and ameliorates 5?fluorouracil resistance in OSCC cells by reducing the expression and�secretion of amphiregulin Molecular Medicine Reports, 2021-12-03;25(1):. 2021-12-03 [PMID: 34859260] (Bioassay, Human)
• IT Stancil, JE Michalski, D Davis-Hall, HW Chu, JA Park, CM Magin, IV Yang, BJ Smith, E Dobrinskik, DA Schwartz Pulmonary fibrosis distal airway epithelia are dynamically and structurally dysfunctional Nature Communications, 2021-07-27;12(1):4566. 2021-07-27 [PMID: 34315881] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Nomi, R Hayashi, Y Ishikawa, Y Kobayashi, T Katayama, AJ Quantock, K Nishida Generation of functional conjunctival epithelium, including goblet cells, from human iPSCs Cell Reports, 2021-02-02;34(5):108715. 2021-02-02 [PMID: 33535050] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Ehst, Z Wang, J Leitenberg, D McClanahan, R De La Torr, E Sawka, AG Ortega-Loa, J Strunck, T Greiling, E Simpson, Y Liu Synergistic induction of IL-23 by TNF&amp;alpha, IL-17A, and EGF in keratinocytes Cytokine, 2020-11-02;0(0):155357. 2020-11-02 [PMID: 33153894] (Cell Culture, Human)
• S Liu, Y Wang, Y Han, W Xia, L Zhang, S Xu, H Ju, X Zhang, G Ren, L Liu, W Ye, Z Zhang, J Hu EREG-driven oncogenesis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma exhibits higher sensitivity to Erlotinib therapy Theranostics, 2020-08-25;10(23):10589-10605. 2020-08-25 [PMID: 32929368] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Oka, S Shimo, N Ohno, H Imai, Y Abekura, H Koseki, H Miyata, K Shimizu, M Kushamae, I Ono, K Nozaki, A Kawashima, T Kawamata, T Aoki Dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis Sci Rep, 2020-05-20;10(1):8330. 2020-05-20 [PMID: 32433495] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Wang, L Wang, H Zhang, J Lu, Z Zhang, H Wu, Z Liang AREG mediates the epithelial?mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells via the EGFR/ERK/NF?&amp;kappaB signalling pathway Oncol. Rep., 2020-02-27;0(0):. 2020-02-27 [PMID: 32323797] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Lefort, S Tan, S Balani, B Rafn, D Pellacani, M Hirst, PH Sorensen, CJ Eaves Initiation of human mammary cell tumorigenesis by mutant KRAS requires YAP inactivation Oncogene, 2019-11-26;0(0):. 2019-11-26 [PMID: 31772328] (Bioassay, Human)
• Q Zhang, JN Higginboth, DK Jeppesen, YP Yang, W Li, ET McKinley, R Graves-Dea, J Ping, CM Britain, KA Dorsett, CL Hartman, DA Ford, RM Allen, KC Vickers, Q Liu, JL Franklin, SL Bellis, RJ Coffey Transfer of Functional Cargo in Exomeres Cell Rep, 2019-04-04;0(0):. 2019-04-04 [PMID: 30956133] (Bioassay, Western Blot, Human, Mouse)
• S Raimondo, L Saieva, E Vicario, M Pucci, D Toscani, M Manno, S Raccosta, N Giuliani, R Alessandro Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes are enriched of amphiregulin (AREG) and activate the epidermal growth factor pathway in the bone microenvironment leading to osteoclastogenesis J Hematol Oncol, 2019-01-08;12(1):2. 2019-01-08 [PMID: 30621731] (Human)
• C Platen, S Dreschers, LK Reiss, J Wappler, TW Orlikowsky Amphiregulin Regulates Phagocytosis-Induced Cell Death in Monocytes via EGFR and Matrix Metalloproteinases Mediators Inflamm., 2018-11-04;2018(0):4310419. 2018-11-04 [PMID: 30524196] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Jia, C Li, J Yang, X Wang, R Li, S Luo, Z Li, J Liu, Z Liu, Y Zheng Yes-associated protein promotes the abnormal proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes via an amphiregulin dependent pathway Sci Rep, 2018-10-15;8(1):14513. 2018-10-15 [PMID: 30323299] (Bioassay, Human)
• NL Ta, K Chakraband, S Huault, AO Hueber The tyrosine phosphorylated pro-survival form of Fas intensifies the EGF-induced signal in colorectal cancer cells through the nuclear EGFR/STAT3-mediated pathway Sci Rep, 2018-08-20;8(1):12424. 2018-08-20 [PMID: 30127519] (Bioassay, Human)
• Julia Kneissl Influence of the HER receptor ligand system on sensitivity to cetuximab and trastuzumab in gastric cancer cell lines J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol, 2016-12-08;0(0):. 2016-12-08 [PMID: 27933395] (Bioassay, Human)
• Lone Rønnov-Jes Evidence of two distinct functionally specialized fibroblast lineages in breast stroma Breast Cancer Res., 2016-11-03;18(1):108. 2016-11-03 [PMID: 27809866] (Bioassay, Human)
• Addiction to the IGF2-ID1-IGF2 circuit for maintenance of the breast cancer stem-like cells Oncogene, 2016-08-22;0(0):. 2016-08-22 [PMID: 27546618] (Bioassay, Human)
• hCG-induced Sprouty2 mediates amphiregulin-stimulated COX-2/PGE2 up-regulation in human granulosa cells: a potential mechanism for the OHSS Sci Rep, 2016-08-19;6(0):31675. 2016-08-19 [PMID: 27539669] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Fang, Y Yu, R Zhang, J He, YP Sun Amphiregulin mediates hCG-induced StAR expression and progesterone production in human granulosa cells Sci Rep, 2016-04-26;6(0):24917. 2016-04-26 [PMID: 27113901] (Bioassay, Human)
• Stoll S, Stuart P, Lambert S, Gandarillas A, Rittie L, Johnston A, Elder J Membrane-Tethered Intracellular Domain of Amphiregulin Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation. J Invest Dermatol, 2016-02-01;136(2):444-52. 2016-02-01 [PMID: 26802239] (ELISA Developmet, Human)
• Sundnes O, Pietka W, Loos T, Sponheim J, Rankin A, Pflanz S, Bertelsen V, Sitek J, Hol J, Haraldsen G, Khnykin D Epidermal Expression and Regulation of Interleukin-33 during Homeostasis and Inflammation: Strong Species Differences. J Invest Dermatol, 2015-03-04;135(7):1771-80. 2015-03-04 [PMID: 25739051] (Bioassay, Human)
• Peterson J, Phelps E, Doll M, Schaal S, Ceresa B The role of endogenous epidermal growth factor receptor ligands in mediating corneal epithelial homeostasis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014-05-01;55(5):2870-80. 2014-05-01 [PMID: 24722692] (Bioassay, Human)
• Fortian A, Sorkin A Live-cell fluorescence imaging reveals high stoichiometry of Grb2 binding to the EGF receptor sustained during endocytosis. J Cell Sci, 2013-11-20;127(0):432-44. 2013-11-20 [PMID: 24259669] (Bioassay, Human)
• Nakayama H, Fukuda S, Matsushita N, Nishida-Fukuda H, Inoue H, Shirakata Y, Hashimoto K, Higashiyama S Human antigen R-mediated mRNA stabilization is required for ultraviolet B-induced autoinduction of amphiregulin in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem, 2013-02-21;288(15):10338-48. 2013-02-21 [PMID: 23430747] (Bioassay, Human)
• Zaiss D, van Loosdregt J, Gorlani A, Bekker C, Grone A, Sibilia M, van Bergen en Henegouwen P, Roovers R, Coffer P, Sijts A Amphiregulin enhances regulatory T cell-suppressive function via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Immunity, 2013-01-17;38(2):275-84. 2013-01-17 [PMID: 23333074] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson KJ, Mill CP, Gallo RM, Cameron EM, VanBrocklin H, Settleman J, Riese DJ The Q43L mutant of neuregulin 2beta is a pan-ErbB receptor antagonist. Biochem. J., 2012-04-01;443(1):133-44. 2012-04-01 [PMID: 22216880] (Bioassay, Human)
• Stiehl DP, Bordoli MR, Abreu-Rodriguez I, Wollenick K, Schraml P, Gradin K, Poellinger L, Kristiansen G, Wenger RH Non-canonical HIF-2alpha function drives autonomous breast cancer cell growth via an AREG-EGFR/ErbB4 autocrine loop. Oncogene, 2011-09-19;0(0):. 2011-09-19 [PMID: 21927022] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yasumoto K, Yamada T, Kawashima A, Wang W, Li Q, Donev IS, Tacheuchi S, Mouri H, Yamashita K, Ohtsubo K, Yano S The EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding egf-like growth factor promote peritoneal carcinomatosis in CXCR4-expressing gastric cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 2011-04-11;17(11):3619-30. 2011-04-11 [PMID: 21482691] (Bioassay, Human)
• Stoll SW, Johnson JL, Li Y, Rittie L, Elder JT Amphiregulin carboxy-terminal domain is required for autocrine keratinocyte growth. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010-04-29;130(8):2031-40. 2010-04-29 [PMID: 20428186] (Bioassay, Human)
• Gonzalez RM, Seurynck-Servoss SL, Crowley SA Development and validation of sandwich ELISA microarrays with minimal assay interference. J. Proteome Res., 2008-04-19;7(6):2406-14. 2008-04-19 [PMID: 18422355] (ELISA (Standard))
• Zhu J, Jia X, Xiao G, Kang Y, Partridge NC, Qin L EGF-like ligands stimulate osteoclastogenesis by regulating expression of osteoclast regulatory factors by osteoblasts: implications for osteolytic bone metastases. J. Biol. Chem., 2007-07-17;282(37):26656-64. 2007-07-17 [PMID: 17636266] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Wolff GS, Chiang PJ, Smith SM, Romero R, Armant DR Epidermal growth factor-like growth factors prevent apoptosis of alcohol-exposed human placental cytotrophoblast cells. Biol. Reprod., 2007-03-28;77(1):53-60. 2007-03-28 [PMID: 17392498] (Bioassay, Human)
• Baginski TK, Dabbagh K, Satjawatcharaphong C, Swinney DC Cigarette smoke synergistically enhances respiratory mucin induction by proinflammatory stimuli. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2006-03-16;35(2):165-74. 2006-03-16 [PMID: 16543607] (Bioassay, Human)
• Armant DR, Kilburn BA, Petkova A, Edwin SS, Duniec-Dmuchowski ZM, Edwards HJ, Romero R, Leach RE Human trophoblast survival at low oxygen concentrations requires metalloproteinase-mediated shedding of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Development, 2006-01-11;133(4):751-9. 2006-01-11 [PMID: 16407398] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kansra S, Johnson JL Autocrine extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in normal human keratinocytes: metalloproteinase-mediated release of amphiregulin triggers signaling from ErbB1 to ERK. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2004-07-14;15(9):4299-309. 2004-07-14 [PMID: 15254267] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AREG
• Uniprot:
  • Q5U026()