CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Biotin]

• Applications: WB, IHC
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Concentration: LYOPH

CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody [Biotin] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta (R&D Systems, Catalog # 451-MB)
  Ala24-Asn92
  Accession # Q5QNV9
• Specificity: Detects mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta in Western blots. In this format, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) RANTES, rhMIP-1 beta , recombinant mouse (rm) MIP-1 alpha , rhIL-8, rhGRO alpha , rhGRO beta , rhGRO gamma , rhENA‑78, rmMIP‑2, rhMCP‑1, rhMCP-2, rhMCP‑3, rhI-309, rmJE, rmC10, and rhIP-10 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: CCL4
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Background

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ), is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3-8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature mouse CCL4 shares 77% and 86% aa sequence identity with human and rat CCL4, respectively.

1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
4. Bisset, L.R. and Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CCL4