Novus offers a wide range of highly rated primary antibody products including both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Our catalog contains recombinant monoclonal antibodies designed to increase reproducibility and decrease variability. The genetic strategy of gene-knockout (KO) is an ideal tool for confirming antibody specificity and Novus has over 700 KO Validated antibodies. We also have primary antibodies available that are directly conjugated to over 40 unique fluorescent dyes or reporter enzymes. Find primary antibodies for your research by using the filters to easily sort by target, research application, species reactivity, and conjugates. Our primary antibodies have been cited in thousands of publications are backed by the Novus Guarantee+ Policy.
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB120-16518SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB200-540SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80677 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF567-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP2-24873SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-33262 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP1-77080SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-1869SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-109SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP2-13173SS | |||
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-80855 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF2550-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF4439-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF801-SP | |||
![Western Blot: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Predicted band size : 97 kDa recognizes 97 kDa human CD133 in Y79 cells. Band is at ~120 kDa due to protein glycosylation.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NB120-16518-img0003.jpg "Western Blot: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Predicted band size : 97 kDa recognizes 97 kDa human CD133 in Y79 cells. Band is at ~120 kDa due to protein glycosylation.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Characterization of Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) isolated from pig kidneys. A) Representative immunofluorescence staining (original magnification 40X) for the STC surface markers CD133 NB120-16518G (red) and CD24 (green) in isolated swine STCs. B) Flow cytometry analysis of isolated STCs showing that 97% of cells expressed CD133, 95% CD24, and 98% were double-positive for CD133 and CD24 (n = 3 each). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614781/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133 Antibody - BSA Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB120-16518-img0008.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Immunostaining for CD133 (NB120-16518) in normal ovarian and tumor tissue sections. Staining of CD133 in OSE layer (A, B) as well as cortex (C) reveals specific CD133+ cells with relatively higher cell numbers in BL and HG. Area within dotted lines in BN OSE (A) are magnified in (B) while elliptical/spindle shaped CD133+ cells in cortex from various fields were represented in the composite image in (C) of BN and HG. Large CD133+ cells in cortex were also observed. White scale bar?=?50 um; blue scale bar?=?10 um. Secondary antibody employed was conjugated with Alexa fluor 568 and tissue sections were counterstained with nucleus specific dye DAPI. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30121075/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-NB120-16518-img0007.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Flow Cytometry: CD133 Antibody [DyLight 488] [NB120-16518G] - Flow Cytometry: CD133 Antibody (DyLight488) [NB120-16518G] - Rat bone marrow cells were stained with CD133 (1:100) antibody (20 minutes at 4C), fixed, and then analyzed. Image using the DyLight 488 form of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133-Antibody---BSA-Free-Flow-Cytometry-NB120-16518-img0006.jpg)
![Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - [NB 120-16518] - Staining CD133 in Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells by Immunofluorescence.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133-Antibody---BSA-Free-Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation-NB120-16518-img0005.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: CD133 Antibody - BSA Free [NB120-16518] - Staining of CD133 in human hepatocarcinoma (HC) tissue. NB120-16518 was peroxidase-conjugated to the secondary antibody, followed by AEC staining.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/CD133-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB120-16518-img0002.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - An intracellular stain was performed on RAW 246.7 cells with Complement C3 (11H9-3-2) antibody NB200-540 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-31382 (orange). Cells were either treated with 3uM Monensin for 3 hours to block the secretion of Complement C3 (B) or grown in normal media (A). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by mouse F(ab)2 IgG (H+L) PE-conjugated secondary antibody (F0102B, R&D Systems).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Complement-C3-Antibody-11H9-Flow-Intracellular-NB200-540-img0005.jpg "<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Flow (Intracellular): Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - An intracellular stain was performed on RAW 246.7 cells with Complement C3 (11H9-3-2) antibody NB200-540 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-31382 (orange). Cells were either treated with 3uM Monensin for 3 hours to block the secretion of Complement C3 (B) or grown in normal media (A). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by mouse F(ab)2 IgG (H+L) PE-conjugated secondary antibody (F0102B, R&D Systems).")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - C3 protein fragments deposited on kidney cells of MPL-lpr mouse. Staining with antibody 11H9. Glomerular staining pattern. Fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS pH 7.4. Vibratome sections of 4 um. Pretreated with 3% hydrogen peroxide for 20 min to quench endogenous peroxidases. Microwaved in antigen unmasking solution for 2-5 minutes as antigen retrieval.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Complement-C3-Antibody-11H9-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB200-540-img0002.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - Complement C3 protein in a FFPE tissue section of mouse liver using 1:100 dilution of Complement C3 antibody (clone 11H9) NB200-540. Weak but distinct membrane-cytoplasmic immunopositivity was observed in hepatocytes and few cells developed punctate membrane staining.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Complement-C3-Antibody-11H9-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB200-540-img0004.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - Left panel: FMO, Middle panel: No primary antibody control, Right panel: sample. Day 6 murine mammary tumors processed and stained for analysis with flow cytometry. The C3b+ population of CD45+ cells is what the gate in each sample is exhibiting. WB image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Complement-C3-Antibody-11H9-Flow-Cytometry-NB200-540-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Complement C3 Antibody (11H9) [NB200-540] - Complement C3 protein in a FFPE tissue section of mouse lymph node using 1:100 dilution of Complement C3 antibody (clone 11H9) NB200-540. This representative photomicrograph shows a membrane-cytoplasmic immunopositivity in non-germinal center cells, and few cells developed an intense staining for this target protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Complement-C3-Antibody-11H9-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB200-540-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) analysis for Np73 using NBP2-24873 at 1 ug/ml in A) a cell line transfected with Np73 cDNA, B) HeLa, and C) NIH 3T3 cell lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Delta-Np73-Antibody-38C674-2-Western-Blot-NBP2-24873-img0010.jpg "Western Blot: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) analysis for Np73 using NBP2-24873 at 1 ug/ml in A) a cell line transfected with Np73 cDNA, B) HeLa, and C) NIH 3T3 cell lysate.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton-X100. The cells were incubated with anti-Delta Np73 (38C674.2) NBP2-24873 at a 1:50 dilution overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-mouse Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Actin was counterstained with Phalloidin 568 (Red) at a 1:200 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Delta-Np73-Antibody-38C674-2-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP2-24873-img0011.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) Staining of human placenta. Immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue after heat-induced antigen retrieval. Antibody concentration 5 ug/ml.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Delta-Np73-Antibody-38C674-2-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-24873-img0009.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) analysis of Delta Np73 in embryonic day 15 (A) and day 17 (B) E15 rat embryonic kidney at 1:2000. Delta Np73 is expressed in ureteric bud (UB) branches, and metanephrogenic mesenchyme (MM), as well as in cells invading the glomerular cleft. DeltaNp73 is expressed in the ureteric bud (UB) branches, metanephrogenic mesenchyme (MM), and nephron progenitors.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Delta-Np73-Antibody-38C674-2-Immunohistochemistry-Frozen-NBP2-24873-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) [NBP2-24873] - Delta Np73 Antibody (38C674.2) Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung squamous cell carcinoma probed with p73 antibody at 5 ug/ml.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Delta-Np73-Antibody-38C674-2-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-24873-img0008.jpg)
![Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - HMGB1 promoted the activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal IR injury. The intravitreal injection of HMGB1 inhibitor, GA, significantly suppressed mRNA (B) and protein (D) production of NLRP3. Data are shown as mean +/- SD. **P < 0.01 vs sham group. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/12/1/137) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NLRP3-NALP3-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NBP1-77080-img0011.jpg "Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - HMGB1 promoted the activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal IR injury. The intravitreal injection of HMGB1 inhibitor, GA, significantly suppressed mRNA (B) and protein (D) production of NLRP3. Data are shown as mean +/- SD. **P < 0.01 vs sham group. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/12/1/137) licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - Staining of NALP3 in K562 cells with NALP3 antibody at 2 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NLRP3-NALP3-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-77080-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - Analysis of NALP3 in mouse lung tissue using anti-NALP3 antibody. Image from verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NLRP3-NALP3-Antibody---BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-77080-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - Analysis of NALP3 in K562 cell lysate with NALP3 antibody at 1 ug/mL (A) in the absence and (B) in the presence of blocking peptide.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NLRP3-NALP3-Antibody---BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NBP1-77080-img0009.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - hADSC-Evs suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ocular surface of experimental mice under desiccating stress. Representative image of immunofluorescent staining of NLRP3 related genes in corneal and conjunctival epithelia of desiccating mice or treated with hADSC-EVs (*conjunctiva; open triangle cornea). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32884023/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/NLRP3-NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-77080-img0012.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - hADSC-Evs suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ocular surface of experimental mice under desiccating stress. (A) Representative image of immunofluorescent staining of NLRP3 related genes in corneal & conjunctival epithelia of desiccating mice or treated with hADSC-EVs (*conjunctiva; open triangle cornea). (B,C) qRT-PCR showed the mRNA levels of NLRP3 related genes in conjunctiva & cornea (four corneas/conjunctivas were mixed as a sample). Data was shown as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32884023), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-77080_rabbit-polyclonal-nlrp3-nalp3-antibody-31020241535675.jpg)
![Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - HMGB1 promoted the activation of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal IR injury. The intravitreal injection of exogenous rHMGB1 significantly promoted the mRNA & protein production of NLRP3 (a, c) & ASC (e, g) & activation of caspase-1 (i). Thus, the intravitreal injection of HMGB1 inhibitor, GA, significantly suppressed the production of NLRP3 (b, d) & ASC (f, h) & activation of caspase-1 (j). Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs sham group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26224068), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-77080_rabbit-polyclonal-nlrp3-nalp3-antibody-310202415345338.jpg)
![Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - Co-immunoprecipitation assay: Figure showing interaction of NLRP3, NLRC4 & NAIP with ASC during CFT073 infection in THP-1m. Cytoplasmic extracts of THP-1m infected with or without CFT073, 6 h post stimulation were subjected to IP & WB by various antibodies (ASC, NLRP3, NLRC4, & NAIP) as described in material & methods. Cytoplasmic extract used as input was subjected to check NLRP3, ASC, NLRC4 & NAIP expression as shown in figure. ASC antibody was used to co-immunoprecipitate the complex from cytoplasmic extracts & then immunoblotted to detect NLRP3, NLRC4 & NAIP. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31551961), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-77080_rabbit-polyclonal-nlrp3-nalp3-antibody-310202415371971.jpg)
![Western Blot: NLRP3/NALP3 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-77080] - HMGB1 regulated the activation of NLRP3, rather than the activation of caspase-8, via NF-kappa B pathway. a, b NF-kappa B was activated in ischemic retina at the early stage after reperfusion. c, d Intraocular injection rHMGB1 or GA could promote or suppress the production of phosphor-NF-kappa B p65. e, f Intravitreal injection of NF-kappa B p65 inhibitor, JSH-23, significantly reduced the activation of NLRP3 & decreased the processing of IL-1 beta , g rather than caspase-8. However, intravitreal injection of caspase-8 inhibitor, Z-IETD-fmk, decreased the production of phosphor-NF-kappa B p65, obviously (h). Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs sham group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26224068), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-77080_rabbit-polyclonal-nlrp3-nalp3-antibody-310202415291993.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Intracellular staining of HEK293 cells (1 x 10^6 cells/mL) with SLC1A3 antibody (orange) stained at a dilution of 1:500. Detected with a GtxRb Dylight 488 secondary. Shown with the secondary control (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Intracellular-NB100-1869-img0011.jpg "Flow (Intracellular): EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Intracellular staining of HEK293 cells (1 x 10^6 cells/mL) with SLC1A3 antibody (orange) stained at a dilution of 1:500. Detected with a GtxRb Dylight 488 secondary. Shown with the secondary control (blue).")
![Immunohistochemistry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Staining of SLC1A3 in rat cerebellum sections](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-1869-img0005.jpg)
![Western Blot: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Analysis of SLC1A3 in 1. Human brain 2. Mouse brain and 3. Rat brain whole cell lysates.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-1869-img0014.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - SLC1A3 antibody was tested at 1:250 in Neuro2A cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red). Image objective 40X.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-1869-img0008.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Human astrocytes express MHC-II in brain tissue from PD patients and healthy controls. The aSYN pathology was confirmed in the PD cases by immunostaining of aSYN and phosphorylated aSYN (p-aSYN). Astrocytes labeled with EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 are expressing high levels of MHC-II, as well as Iba1-labeled microglia. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-020-01776-7), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-1869-img0025.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Analysis of SLC1A3 on mouse brain.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-1869-img0006.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on rat FR cells with EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody NB100-1869 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody---BSA-Free-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0026.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Human astrocytes express MHC-II in brain tissue from PD patients and healthy controls. The aSYN pathology was confirmed in the PD cases by immunostaining of aSYN and phosphorylated aSYN (p-aSYN). Astrocytes labeled with EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 are expressing high levels of MHC-II, as well as Iba1-labeled microglia. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-020-01776-7), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-1869-img0024.jpg)
![Flow (Intracellular): EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - Staining of HEK293 cells (1 x 10^6 cells/mL) with AF488 conjugated EAAT-1 antibody (orange) stained at a dilution of 1:500. Shown with rIgG (AF488) isotype control (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Intracellular-NB100-1869-img0012.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on Hek293 cells with EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 antibody NB100-1869PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Phycoerythrin.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0019.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on Hek293 cells with EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody NB100-1869AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0020.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on U937 cells with SLC1A3 Antibody NB100-1869 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0021.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on Caco-2 cells with SLC1A3 Antibody NB100-1869 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0022.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody [NB100-1869] - An intracellular stain was performed on Neuro2a cells with SLC1A3 Antibody NB100-1869 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 1.0 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EAAT1-GLAST-1-SLC1A3-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB100-1869-img0023.jpg)
![Western Blot: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - Damage response is restricted to MG. (A) RT-PCR analysis for Slc1a3, the gene encoding GLAST, at the indicated times after injury. (B) RT-PCR for MG & a photoreceptor-specific marker (Nrl) in GLAST-positive & negative fractions, after MACS in intact retinas. (C–F) qPCR quantification of Oct4, Nanog, Lin28, & Dnmt3b expression levels at the indicated time after injury in MACS GLAST-positive & negative fraction; C, intact retina as control (Student's t-test; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2016.00523/full), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1869_rabbit-polyclonal-eaat1-glast-1-slc1a3-antibody-310202415304223.jpg)
![Western Blot: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - Damage response is restricted to MG. (A) RT-PCR analysis for Slc1a3, the gene encoding GLAST, at the indicated times after injury. (B) RT-PCR for MG & a photoreceptor-specific marker (Nrl) in GLAST-positive & negative fractions, after MACS in intact retinas. (C–F) qPCR quantification of Oct4, Nanog, Lin28, & Dnmt3b expression levels at the indicated time after injury in MACS GLAST-positive & negative fraction; C, intact retina as control (Student's t-test; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2016.00523/full), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1869_rabbit-polyclonal-eaat1-glast-1-slc1a3-antibody-310202415382418.jpg)
![Simple Western: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - Protein changes in ONHAs corroborate bioenergetics data. (A) Glucose transporter-1 protein levels in Stretched ONH astrocytes are significantly higher than Control (*p = 0.0225, n = 7 Control, n = 8 Stretch). Retinal lysate from a 2 month-old mouse was used as a positive control for each protein analyzed, while negative control was the signal obtained when no primary antibody was included in the capillary. (B) Lactate dehydrogenase-A, the astrocyte-specific isoform of the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate & lactate, has equivalent protein levels in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (C) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the enzyme that shunts glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway, is no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (D) Glutamine synthetase, the enzyme that synthesizes glutamine from glutamate, is no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (E) The monomeric form of glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) has significantly higher protein levels in the Stretch as compared to the Control ONH astrocytes (p = 0.020; n = 4 Control, n = 5 Stretch). (F) GLAST dimer protein levels are no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35992925), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1869_rabbit-polyclonal-eaat1-glast-1-slc1a3-antibody-31020241553387.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - Depletion of microglia promotes astrocyte responses following MPTP treatment. C57BL/6 mice received PLX3397 or vehicle for 21 d prior to saline or MPTP administration (intraperitoneal injection). Mice continued to receive PLX3397 or vehicle until the experiments ended. At d 7 after saline or MPTP injection, single cell suspensions were prepared from substantia nigra & striatal tissues. A) Flow cytometry plots show the gating strategy for astrocytes (GLAST+) & their expression of TNF-alpha , IL-6, iNOS, IP-10, CCL2, & CCL21. B, C) Bar graphs show the effects of microglial depletion on the expression of TNF-alpha , IL-6, iNOS, IP-10, CCL2, & CCL21 in astrocytes at d 7 after MPTP treatment. All data are presented as means ± sem; n = 9 mice/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29401614), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1869_rabbit-polyclonal-eaat1-glast-1-slc1a3-antibody-310202415525277.jpg)
![Western Blot: EAAT1/GLAST-1/SLC1A3 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-1869] - Analysis of extracellular levels of GABA & Glutamate & membrane expression of their transporters. Extracellular levels of (A,C) GABA & glutamate were analyzed by microdialysis at 4 weeks. Membrane expression of (B) glutamate transporter GLAST & (D,E) GABA transporters GAT1 & GAT3 were analyzed using BS3 cross-linker. Values are expressed as percentage of control rats & are mean ± SEM of 12 rats per group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test for GAT-1 (F(3,27) = 4.41, p < 0.05), GAT-3 (F(3,41) = 3.27, p < 0.05) & glutamate (F(3,36) = 3.00, p < 0.05) & Welch’s ANOVA with Dunnett’s test for GABA (W(3,19) = 3.67, p < 0.05) & GLAST (W(3,13) = 12.07, p < 0.001) were performed to compare all groups. Values significantly different from control rats are indicated by asterisks, from CCl4 rats by a, & from C-RIF rats by b. * p < 0.05, a p < 0.05, b p < 0.05. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34440206), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-1869_rabbit-polyclonal-eaat1-glast-1-slc1a3-antibody-310202415523910.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - Western blot shows lysates of HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line and MTH1 knockout (KO) HEK293T cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1:500 of Rabbit Anti-Human MTH1 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB100-109) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog #HAF008). Specific band was detected for MTH1 at approximately 18 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HEK293T cell line. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Knockout-Validated-NB100-109-img0010.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - Western blot shows lysates of HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line and MTH1 knockout (KO) HEK293T cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1:500 of Rabbit Anti-Human MTH1 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB100-109) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog #HAF008). Specific band was detected for MTH1 at approximately 18 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HEK293T cell line. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Simple Western: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for MTH1 in 0.5 mg/ml of A431 lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB100-109-img0007.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - The cells from esophageal cancer cell lines: KYSE-450, EC109 and EC9706 (d, e), liver cancer cell lines: SMMC-7721, HepG2 and ZIP177 (f, g), gastric cancer cell lines: MGC-803, HGC-27, SGC-7901 and MKN45 (h, i), as well as the corresponding normal cell lines: Het-1A (d, e), L02 (f, g) and GES-1 (h, i) were cultured and lysed. The MTH1 protein levels were determined by Western Blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. j The cells indicated above were lysed and the total mRNA was extracted. The mRNA level of MTH1 was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Potent and specific MTH1 inhibitors targeting gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis (2019)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-109-img0018.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - The antioxidant pathways are activated during EBV infection and are required for growth transformation. Freshly isolated B-lymphocytes infected with the transforming B95-8 strain of EBV were cultured for up to 2 weeks in the presence or absence of MTH1 inhibitors. Protein expression was monitored by western blots, cell proliferation and activation of the DDR were assessed by 3H-Thy incorporation and staining for I3H2AX, respectively. Representative western blots illustrating the expression of MTH1, MUTYH and OGG1 in ex vivo untreated B-cell and freshly EBV infected and SAC induced B blasts cultured for comparable times and showing similar levels of cell proliferation. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 upregulates the cellular antioxidant defense to enable B-cell growth transformation and immortalization. Oncogene (2020)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-109-img0011.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - HeLa cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X PBS + 0.05% Triton-X100. The cells were incubated with anti-MTH1 at 2 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-109-img0009.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - EBNA1 promotes the upregulation of oxidative DNA damage repair pathways in EBV converted cell lines and EBV positive BLs. Densitometry quantification of the specific bands. The intensity of the specific band in EBV positive cells relative the EBV-negative parental is shown. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 upregulates the cellular antioxidant defense to enable B-cell growth transformation and immortalization. Oncogene (2020)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-109-img0012.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - MTH1 antibody was tested in the labeled lanes.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-109-img0004.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - Analysis of MTH1 in 1. Ntera2, 2. MCF7 cell lysate, 3. A431 cell lysate and 4. COS7 cell lysate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-109-img0001.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - A431 cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton-X100. The cells were incubated with anti-MTH1 (NB100-109) at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with an anti-mouse Dylight 550 (Red) at a 1:500 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-109-img0008.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - MTH1 suppression reduces the two gastric cancer cell survival. MGC-803, HGC-27 and GES-1 cells were treated by MTH1 specific siRNA 1 and #2 for 72h. Non-targeting siRNA(NT) treatment was used as control. Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 and p53pS15, after the cells were treated with siRNA#2. Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized by GAPDH. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Potent and specific MTH1 inhibitors targeting gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis (2019)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-109-img0013.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody [NB100-109] - Simultaneous suppression of MTH1 and MYH was efficiently achieved using a two-vector system. Steps of cell line establishment are illustrated here. Top 15% of cells expressing GFP and RFP670 were sorted to improve the knockdown efficiency. Expression levels of MYH and MTH1 were analyzed after 96h of treatment with shRNA set2. Data were double normalized with GAPDH and NT-shRNA control samples and expressed as percentage. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (hMYH and hMTH1 cooperate for survival in mismatch repair defective T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncogenesis (2016)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MTH1-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-109-img0017.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Compound MI-743 causes intracellular 8-oxo-dG accumulation & DNA damage.a MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 µM MI-743 for 48 h. Intracellular 8-oxo-dG was stained with Cy3-conjugated avidin. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired at ×100 magnification by a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-S fluorescence microscope. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. b MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM MI-743 for 48 h & run in alkaline comet assay. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification. H2O2 was used as positive control. c Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. d–f Western blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 in MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, treated with increasing concentrations of MI-743 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 12 µM). g, h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are representative of three independent experiments. i–k Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 of protein lysates, isolated from MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, which were treated with 12 µM MI-743 for 0, 12, 24, 36 & 48 h. l, m Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415532071.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Compound MI-743 causes intracellular 8-oxo-dG accumulation & DNA damage.a MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 µM MI-743 for 48 h. Intracellular 8-oxo-dG was stained with Cy3-conjugated avidin. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired at ×100 magnification by a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-S fluorescence microscope. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. b MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM MI-743 for 48 h & run in alkaline comet assay. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification. H2O2 was used as positive control. c Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. d–f Western blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 in MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, treated with increasing concentrations of MI-743 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 12 µM). g, h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are representative of three independent experiments. i–k Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 of protein lysates, isolated from MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, which were treated with 12 µM MI-743 for 0, 12, 24, 36 & 48 h. l, m Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415525293.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Characteristic expression of MTH1 in human gastric cancer tissues & ten digestive tract cancer cell lines.a The total RNA from fresh human gastric cancer tissues was isolated by RNApure Tissue&Cell Kit. The mRNA level of MTH1 in human gastric cancer (Increased, n = 21, Decreased, n = 6 & Unchanged, n = 8) & adjacent normal tissues (Con, n = 35) was determined by RT-PCR. The protein levels of MTH1 in human gastric (GC) & adjacent normal (GN) tissue sections were determined by immuohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The integral optical densities (IOD) were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. b Representative IHC pictures of GC & GN. Scale bars, 50 μm. c IODs of GC & GN. n = 10 for each group. The cells from esophageal cancer cell lines: KYSE-450, EC109 & EC9706 (d, e), liver cancer cell lines: SMMC-7721, HepG2 & ZIP177 (f, g), gastric cancer cell lines: MGC-803, HGC-27, SGC-7901 & MKN45 (h, i), as well as the corresponding normal cell lines: Het-1A (d, e), L02 (f, g) & GES-1 (h, i) were cultured & lysed. The MTH1 protein levels were determined by Western Blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. j The cells indicated above were lysed & the total mRNA was extracted. The mRNA level of MTH1 was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Data are presented as means ± SD. The symbol *, ** or *** stands for P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 compared with the controls or normal cell groups Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415533819.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Compound MI-743 causes intracellular 8-oxo-dG accumulation & DNA damage.a MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 µM MI-743 for 48 h. Intracellular 8-oxo-dG was stained with Cy3-conjugated avidin. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired at ×100 magnification by a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-S fluorescence microscope. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. b MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM MI-743 for 48 h & run in alkaline comet assay. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification. H2O2 was used as positive control. c Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. d–f Western blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 in MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, treated with increasing concentrations of MI-743 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 12 µM). g, h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are representative of three independent experiments. i–k Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 of protein lysates, isolated from MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, which were treated with 12 µM MI-743 for 0, 12, 24, 36 & 48 h. l, m Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415541950.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Characteristic expression of MTH1 in human gastric cancer tissues & ten digestive tract cancer cell lines.a The total RNA from fresh human gastric cancer tissues was isolated by RNApure Tissue&Cell Kit. The mRNA level of MTH1 in human gastric cancer (Increased, n = 21, Decreased, n = 6 & Unchanged, n = 8) & adjacent normal tissues (Con, n = 35) was determined by RT-PCR. The protein levels of MTH1 in human gastric (GC) & adjacent normal (GN) tissue sections were determined by immuohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The integral optical densities (IOD) were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. b Representative IHC pictures of GC & GN. Scale bars, 50 μm. c IODs of GC & GN. n = 10 for each group. The cells from esophageal cancer cell lines: KYSE-450, EC109 & EC9706 (d, e), liver cancer cell lines: SMMC-7721, HepG2 & ZIP177 (f, g), gastric cancer cell lines: MGC-803, HGC-27, SGC-7901 & MKN45 (h, i), as well as the corresponding normal cell lines: Het-1A (d, e), L02 (f, g) & GES-1 (h, i) were cultured & lysed. The MTH1 protein levels were determined by Western Blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. j The cells indicated above were lysed & the total mRNA was extracted. The mRNA level of MTH1 was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Data are presented as means ± SD. The symbol *, ** or *** stands for P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 compared with the controls or normal cell groups Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415532076.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - The antioxidant pathways are activated during EBV infection & are required for growth transformation. Freshly isolated B-lymphocytes infected with the transforming B95-8 strain of EBV were cultured for up to 2 weeks in the presence or absence of MTH1 inhibitors. Protein expression was monitored by western blots, cell proliferation & activation of the DDR were assessed by 3H-Thy incorporation & staining for gamma H2AX, respectively. a representative western blots illustrating the parallel increase of MTH1 & EBNA1 expression following EBV infection & mean ± SE of the intensity of the MTH1 specific band in five independent experiments. b Representative western blots illustrating the expression of MTH1, MUTYH & OGG1 in ex vivo untreated B-cell & freshly EBV infected & SAC induced B blasts cultured for comparable times & showing similar levels of cell proliferation. c Quantification of the specific bands. Relative expression is the ration between the intensity in the treated cells versus freshly harvested cells. The mean ± SE of three to four independent experiments is shown. d Inhibition of MTH1 prevents the establishment of EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. 3H-Thy incorporation was measured after culture of freshly EBV infected B-lymphocytes in the presence of the indicated amounts of MTH1 inhibitors. Depending on the condition of the cultures harvesting was done after ten to fifteen days. e Inhibition of MTH1 strongly enhances the induction of DNA damage in freshly EBV infected cells. DNA damage was detected by gamma H2AX staining. f Mean ± SE of the % gamma H2AX positive cells in three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31511648), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-31020241612671.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - EBNA1 expression is associated with upregulation of MTH1 & oxidative damage repair pathways. The expression of MTH1, OGG1, & MUTYH was investigated by western blots & qPCR in BJAB-tTAE1 cells upon addition & withdrawal of doxycycline. a Representative western blots illustrating the correlation between the reversible down- & upregulation of MTH1 & EBNA1 in BJAB-tTAE1 cells upon addition & withdrawal of doxycycline. GAPDH was used as loading control. b Densitometry quantification of MTH1 & EBNA1 expression in BJAB-tTAE1 cells. The mean intensity of the MTH1 & EBNA1 specific bands relative to GAPDH in three independent experiments is shown in the figure. c Regression analysis of the relationship between expression levels of MTH1 & EBNA1. The data from three independent experiments were used for the plot. d Representative western blots illustrating the expression of MTH1, MUTYH, & OGG1 in BJAB-tTAE1 cells cultured for two weeks in the presence or absence of doxycycline. e Fold change is the ratio between the intensity of the specific band in cells cultured without or with doxycycline. The mean ± SD of four independent experiments is shown. f qPCR analysis of the levels of MTH1, OGG1, & MUTYH transcripts in BJAB-tTAE1 cells cultured for 2 weeks in the presence or absence of doxycycline. The mean ± SE of the fold change in six independent experiments each performed in triplicate is shown Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31511648), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415535142.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - MTH1 suppression reduces the two gastric cancer cell survival.MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated by MTH1 specific siRNA#1 & #2 for 72 h. Non-targeting siRNA(NT) treatment was used as control. a Levels of MTH1 protein then were determined by western blot. b The colony formations were recorded after the cells were treated with MTH1 siRNA#1 & #2 for 7 days. c Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15, after the cells were treated with siRNA#2. f–h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized by GAPDH. d The Alkaline comets assay was performed after the cells were transfected with MTH1 siRNA#2 for 72 h. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification by fluorescence microscope. Non-targeting siRNA(NT) or H2O2 treatment was used as a negative or a positive control, respectively. e Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. i Relative cell viability was determined by MTT assay, after the cells were treated with MTH1 siRNA#1 & #2 with or without MI-743 combined with 100uM H2O2. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. The symbols * & #, ** & ## or ***and ### stand for P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-31020241682184.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Characteristic expression of MTH1 in human gastric cancer tissues & ten digestive tract cancer cell lines.a The total RNA from fresh human gastric cancer tissues was isolated by RNApure Tissue&Cell Kit. The mRNA level of MTH1 in human gastric cancer (Increased, n = 21, Decreased, n = 6 & Unchanged, n = 8) & adjacent normal tissues (Con, n = 35) was determined by RT-PCR. The protein levels of MTH1 in human gastric (GC) & adjacent normal (GN) tissue sections were determined by immuohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The integral optical densities (IOD) were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. b Representative IHC pictures of GC & GN. Scale bars, 50 μm. c IODs of GC & GN. n = 10 for each group. The cells from esophageal cancer cell lines: KYSE-450, EC109 & EC9706 (d, e), liver cancer cell lines: SMMC-7721, HepG2 & ZIP177 (f, g), gastric cancer cell lines: MGC-803, HGC-27, SGC-7901 & MKN45 (h, i), as well as the corresponding normal cell lines: Het-1A (d, e), L02 (f, g) & GES-1 (h, i) were cultured & lysed. The MTH1 protein levels were determined by Western Blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. j The cells indicated above were lysed & the total mRNA was extracted. The mRNA level of MTH1 was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Data are presented as means ± SD. The symbol *, ** or *** stands for P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 compared with the controls or normal cell groups Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-31020241555213.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Generation of MTH1/HRASV12 BEAS2B cell lines used in this study(A). MTH1 levels are elevated in nonsmall cell lung tumors relative to adjacent normal tissue. Samples are part of a tissue array obtained from US Biomax. Tissue sections were photographed at 200X. MTH1 expression is seen as brown staining. (B). Schematic showing how cell lines for this study were generated. (C). Western blotting confirming high or low levels of HRASV12 expression in MTH1-overexpressing (pBp.MTH1) & control (pBp) BEAS2B cells. Actin is shown as a loading control. Samples were harvested & lysed approximately 19 days following transduction. Quantitation of HRAS fold-changes (pBp values set to 1) among the samples is shown below the immunoblot images. Fold changes were calculated using loading-normalized signal intensities determined from three independently run blots. (D). Western blotting confirming high & low levels of HRASV12 expression in MTH1-suppressed (shMTH1) & control (shGFP) BEAS2B cells. Actin is shown as a loading control. Samples were harvested & lysed approximately 19 days following transduction. Quantitation of HRAS fold-changes (shGFP values set to 1) among the samples is shown below the immunoblot images & was calculated using loading-normalized signal intensities determined from three independently run blots. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.oncotarget.com/lookup/doi/10.18632/oncotarget.3447), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415541967.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Compound MI-743 causes intracellular 8-oxo-dG accumulation & DNA damage.a MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 µM MI-743 for 48 h. Intracellular 8-oxo-dG was stained with Cy3-conjugated avidin. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired at ×100 magnification by a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-S fluorescence microscope. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. b MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM MI-743 for 48 h & run in alkaline comet assay. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification. H2O2 was used as positive control. c Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. d–f Western blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 in MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, treated with increasing concentrations of MI-743 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 12 µM). g, h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are representative of three independent experiments. i–k Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 of protein lysates, isolated from MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, which were treated with 12 µM MI-743 for 0, 12, 24, 36 & 48 h. l, m Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-31020241612661.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Characteristic expression of MTH1 in human gastric cancer tissues & ten digestive tract cancer cell lines.a The total RNA from fresh human gastric cancer tissues was isolated by RNApure Tissue&Cell Kit. The mRNA level of MTH1 in human gastric cancer (Increased, n = 21, Decreased, n = 6 & Unchanged, n = 8) & adjacent normal tissues (Con, n = 35) was determined by RT-PCR. The protein levels of MTH1 in human gastric (GC) & adjacent normal (GN) tissue sections were determined by immuohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The integral optical densities (IOD) were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. b Representative IHC pictures of GC & GN. Scale bars, 50 μm. c IODs of GC & GN. n = 10 for each group. The cells from esophageal cancer cell lines: KYSE-450, EC109 & EC9706 (d, e), liver cancer cell lines: SMMC-7721, HepG2 & ZIP177 (f, g), gastric cancer cell lines: MGC-803, HGC-27, SGC-7901 & MKN45 (h, i), as well as the corresponding normal cell lines: Het-1A (d, e), L02 (f, g) & GES-1 (h, i) were cultured & lysed. The MTH1 protein levels were determined by Western Blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. j The cells indicated above were lysed & the total mRNA was extracted. The mRNA level of MTH1 was determined by RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as a control. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Data are presented as means ± SD. The symbol *, ** or *** stands for P < 0.05, P < 0.01 or P < 0.001 compared with the controls or normal cell groups Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415541912.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Compound MI-743 causes intracellular 8-oxo-dG accumulation & DNA damage.a MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 5 µM MI-743 for 48 h. Intracellular 8-oxo-dG was stained with Cy3-conjugated avidin. DNA was counterstained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Images were acquired at ×100 magnification by a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-S fluorescence microscope. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. b MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µM MI-743 for 48 h & run in alkaline comet assay. Pictures were originally captured at ×40 magnification. H2O2 was used as positive control. c Tail moment was calculated by CometScore software. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. d–f Western blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 in MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, treated with increasing concentrations of MI-743 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 12 µM). g, h Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are representative of three independent experiments. i–k Western Blot analysis of the protein levels of MTH1, MUTYH, OGG1, p21, ATMpS1981 & p53pS15 of protein lysates, isolated from MGC-803, HGC-27 & GES-1 cells, which were treated with 12 µM MI-743 for 0, 12, 24, 36 & 48 h. l, m Densitometry shows relative protein expression normalized for GAPDH. Data are presented as means ± SD. Three individual experiments were performed for each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 as compared with the controls Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-310202415541993.jpg)
![Western Blot: MTH1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB100-109] - Screening of MTH1 inhibitors in vitro, MD simulations & binding free energy calculation of compound MI-743 & MTH1.a The structures, IC50 values & (b) percentage of MTH1 inhibition rate of the potential inhibitors MI-743, MI-401 & negative compound MI-929. c MGC-803 cells were treated with 50 µM compounds MI-743, MI-401, (S)-crizotinib or MI-929, respectively, collected & heated for 10 min from 43 to 61 °C. The cells were lysed & the protein levels of MTH1, OGG1, MUTYH or MTH2 were determined by western Blot. At least three independent experiments were performed for each group. Data are presented as means ± SD. d Predicted binding mode of compound MI-743 in MTH1 binding pocket (PDB code: 4N1U). Compound MI-743 is shown as green stick. The residues of MTH1 associated with MI-743 are shown in white. Hydrogen bonds are shown in magenta dash lines & the corresponding distances are given in Å. The RMSD value plots of the protein (MTH1) (e) & ligand (MI-743) (f) in the mutation & wild-type complex systems after 30 ns MD simulations. Binding models of compound MI-743 in MTH1 D119A (g), D120A (h), N33A (i) & W117A (j) mutations. k MM/PBSA binding free energy, estimated with the MTH1 wild-type & mutant systems obtained from the last 5 ns stable MD trajectory. l Flow diagram for the principle of detecting MTH1 activity. Since MTH1 can convert dGTP to dGMP & pyrophosphate, & the latter of which can be hydrolyzed to inorganic pyrophosphate by inorganic pyrophosphatase, the formed inorganic pyrophosphate can react with malachite green & ammonium molybdate to produce the green associated complex, the absorbance of which can be measured at 630 nm by PerkinElmer Envision microplate reader, indicating the activity of MTH1 Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164636), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-109_rabbit-polyclonal-mth1-antibody-3102024155377.jpg)
![Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - Analysis of activated MMP9 expression in MMP9 proenzyme incubated with trypsin for various times.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Western-Blot-NBP2-13173-img0002.jpg "Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - Analysis of activated MMP9 expression in MMP9 proenzyme incubated with trypsin for various times.")
![Immunohistochemistry: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - MMP-9 (green) was detected in murine brain (cortex) using MMP-9-DyLight 488 (4A3) with a concentration of 1:20 in PBS for 2 hours. MMP9-Signals are overlaped with the corresponding phase contrast image. Image from verified customer review. Image using the FITC format of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Immunohistochemistry-NBP2-13173-img0006.jpg)
![Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - Identification of gelatinases by Western blot analysis. A pool of sera from 10 patients with inactive RR-MS was used. For 2-DZ, pooled sera were concentrated 10-fold and 40 ug of total proteins were applied (left panels). For Western blot analysis pooled sera were concentrated 40-fold and 160 ug of total proteins were subjected to 2-DE (right panels). 2-DE gels were cut and the corresponding nitrocellulose membranes were treated with anti-NGAL Ab (A'), anti-MMP-2 Ab (B') and Anti-MMP-9 (4A3) Ab, recognizing the 65 kD and the 82 kD activated forms (C'); Gel C show the region with isoelectric point between pH 4-5.5 and molecular mass between 85 and 55 kD, analysed by Western blot in C', respectively. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (null), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Western-Blot-NBP2-13173-img0011.jpg)
![Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - 1-DZ analysis and identification of gelatinases by Western blot. 1.5 ul of serum from healthy control (HC) or from a patient with inactive RR-MS were loaded on a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with 0.1% (w/v) gelatin (1-DZ). For Western blot analysis, 2 ul of fivefold concentrated (Vivaspin 500, MWCO 50,000; GE Healthcare) serum samples (the same as in 1-DZ) were separated on a 7.5% polyacrylamide gel without gelatin (1-DE), transferred on nitrocellulose membranes and incubated with the following primary antibodies: Anti-NGAL Antibody (5G5) at concentration of 2.0 ug/ml; Anti-MMP-9 (Ab-8) Mouse mAb (IA5) at concentration of 2.66 ug/ml; Anti-MMP-2 (Ab-4) Mouse mAb (75-7F7) at concentration of 1.0 ug/ml and Anti-MMP-9 Ab (4A3) at concentration of 2.0 ug/ml. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (null), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Western-Blot-NBP2-13173-img0012.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - Analysis of a FFPE tissue section of human esophageal cancer using MMP9 antibody (clone 4A3) at 1:200. The staining was developed with HRP-labelled secondary antibody and DAB reagent followed by hematoxylin counterstaining. This antibody generated a specific extracellular and cytoplasmic staining primarily in the cancer cells while the signal was pretty weak in the tumor stroma.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-13173-img0003.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - Analysis of a FFPE section of human esophageal cancer using MMP9 antibody (clone 4A3) at 1:200. The staining was developed with HRP-labelled secondary antibody and DAB reagent followed by hematoxylin counterstaining. This antibody clone generated an extracellular and cytoplasmic staining mainly in the cancer cells while the signal was very weak in the stromal cells of the tumor.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/MMP-9-Antibody-4A3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP2-13173-img0004.jpg)
![Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - 2-DZ analysis & identification of MMP-9 by Western blot. Left panels (A & B): 2-D zymography (2-DZ) of serum samples from healthy control (A) & from an inactive RR-MS patient not subjected to therapy (same patient as in Fig. 2; B). For 2-DZ, aliquots of 35 μl of serum were resuspended in the rehydration solution & subjected to isoelectrofocusing (IEF; 1st dimension) on IPG Dry-Strips of 13 cm in a linear pH gradient of 4–7. After IEF, IPG strips were equilibrated & then applied for the 2nd dimension in a 8.5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with 0.1% (w/v) gelatin. The isoforms & charge variants of MMP-2 & MMP-9 appear as clear spots of digestion on the dark background of the gel. Right panels (A' & B') represent Western blot analysis of the same sera shown in A & B. Aliquots of 35 μl of serum samples (instead of the usual 20 μl) were subjected to 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) by using 8.5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels without gelatin. After transfer of the proteins, the nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with an anti MMP-9 (Ab-8) Mouse mAb (IA5) at concentration of 2.66 μg/ml. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24616914), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-13173_mouse-monoclonal-mmp-9-antibody-4a3-31020241612243.jpg)
![Western Blot: MMP-9 Antibody (4A3) [NBP2-13173] - 2-DZ analysis & identification of MMP-9 by Western blot. Left panels (A & B): 2-D zymography (2-DZ) of serum samples from healthy control (A) & from an inactive RR-MS patient not subjected to therapy (same patient as in Fig. 2; B). For 2-DZ, aliquots of 35 μl of serum were resuspended in the rehydration solution & subjected to isoelectrofocusing (IEF; 1st dimension) on IPG Dry-Strips of 13 cm in a linear pH gradient of 4–7. After IEF, IPG strips were equilibrated & then applied for the 2nd dimension in a 8.5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel copolymerized with 0.1% (w/v) gelatin. The isoforms & charge variants of MMP-2 & MMP-9 appear as clear spots of digestion on the dark background of the gel. Right panels (A' & B') represent Western blot analysis of the same sera shown in A & B. Aliquots of 35 μl of serum samples (instead of the usual 20 μl) were subjected to 2D electrophoresis (2-DE) by using 8.5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels without gelatin. After transfer of the proteins, the nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with an anti MMP-9 (Ab-8) Mouse mAb (IA5) at concentration of 2.66 μg/ml. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24616914), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-13173_mouse-monoclonal-mmp-9-antibody-4a3-310202416114778.jpg)
