Western blot, also called an immunoblot, is an analytical assay commonly used to determine the presence of a particular protein and quantify it. The process uses polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to separate proteins from a heterogenous lysate based on their molecular weight or 3D structure. The separated proteins are then transferred to a PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane, where the protein(s) of interest can be detected using highly specific antibodies. The detection can then be visualized using chromogenic, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent reporters. Since its initial discovery in the late 1970’s, this sensitive visual assay has become an invaluable tool for molecular biology and proteomics researchers.
Novus offers a range of support options for western blot when you buy a product to help you with your western blot experiment including:
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-56874SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP2-33200 | |||
| IHC-Prediluted | NBP2-48225 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NBP1-76769SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azide and BSA Free | NBP1-30054-0.02ml | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | BBA20 | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB110-39113SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA Free | NB100-2219SS | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF457-SP | |||
| Formulation | Catalog # | Availability | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier Free | AF560-SP | |||
![Simple Western: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Image shows a specific band for Beta Actin in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Simple-Western-NB100-56874-img0007.jpg "Simple Western: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Image shows a specific band for Beta Actin in 1.0 mg/mL of HeLa lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 12-230 kDa separation system.")
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Specific bands are seen in various cell lysates at the same molecular weight. A: human brain, B: mouse brain, C: rat brain, D: human lung, and E: human spleen tissue probed using beta actin antibody at 0.25 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-56874-img0004.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Actin was detected in NIH-3T3 cells fixed with methanol using rabbit anti-mouse Actin antibody (NB100-56874) at 1:100 dilution, overnight at 4C. Cells were stained using Northern Lights 557 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies (NL004) and counterstained with DAPI.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-56874-img0009.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Analysis of NS5B protein expression after transfecting NS5B and La autoantigen siRNAs: HCV-infected Huh-7. 5 cells were treated with siRNAs against La autoantigen and NS5B as mentioned above. After 48h total cellular protein was isolated and subjected to western blot analysis. The analysis indicates downregulation of La autoantigen (upper gel) and NS5B (middle gel) andI2-actin (lower gel). Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Combinations of siRNAs against La Autoantigen with NS5B or hVAP-A Have Additive Effect on Inhibition of HCV Replication. Hepat Res Treat (2016)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-56874-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Analysis of human spleen using antibody at 10 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-56874-img0005.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Decreasing amounts of human ovary tissue lysate were probed using beta actin antibody at 0.25 ug/mL: A) 40 ug, B) 30 ug, C) 20 ug, D) 10 ug per lane.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/beta-Actin-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-56874-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Simultaneous downregulation of multiple genes more effectively inhibits HCV replication: Huh-7.5 cells in a similar experimental setup as mentioned in Figure 1 were transfected with following combinations of siRNAs: La autoantigen + NS5B, La autoantigen + hVAP-A, La autoantigen + PSMA7, NS5B + hVAP-A, NS5B + PSMA7, & PSMA7 + hVAP-A. Downregulation of viral replication were determined by RT-PCR as shown in (a). (b) represents densitometry analysis of HCV NS5B downregulation. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control was considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-310202415304250.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Downregulation of La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B leads to reduction in viral replication: overnight grown Huh-7.5 cells were transfected with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, & PSMA7 siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then infected with the virus & again transfected with same siRNAs. After incubation total RNA was isolated & subjected to RT-PCR. NS5B siRNA was transfected once only after cells were infected. (a), (c), (e), & (g) represent RT-PCR results for target genes & NS5B gene upon treatment with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B siRNAs, respectively. Densitometric analysis of (a), (c), (e), & (g) images is expressed in percentage in (b), (d), (f), & (h), respectively. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-310202415532081.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Downregulation of La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B leads to reduction in viral replication: overnight grown Huh-7.5 cells were transfected with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, & PSMA7 siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then infected with the virus & again transfected with same siRNAs. After incubation total RNA was isolated & subjected to RT-PCR. NS5B siRNA was transfected once only after cells were infected. (a), (c), (e), & (g) represent RT-PCR results for target genes & NS5B gene upon treatment with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B siRNAs, respectively. Densitometric analysis of (a), (c), (e), & (g) images is expressed in percentage in (b), (d), (f), & (h), respectively. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-31020241612664.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Downregulation of La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B leads to reduction in viral replication: overnight grown Huh-7.5 cells were transfected with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, & PSMA7 siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then infected with the virus & again transfected with same siRNAs. After incubation total RNA was isolated & subjected to RT-PCR. NS5B siRNA was transfected once only after cells were infected. (a), (c), (e), & (g) represent RT-PCR results for target genes & NS5B gene upon treatment with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B siRNAs, respectively. Densitometric analysis of (a), (c), (e), & (g) images is expressed in percentage in (b), (d), (f), & (h), respectively. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-310202415525271.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Downregulation of La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B leads to reduction in viral replication: overnight grown Huh-7.5 cells were transfected with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, & PSMA7 siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then infected with the virus & again transfected with same siRNAs. After incubation total RNA was isolated & subjected to RT-PCR. NS5B siRNA was transfected once only after cells were infected. (a), (c), (e), & (g) represent RT-PCR results for target genes & NS5B gene upon treatment with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B siRNAs, respectively. Densitometric analysis of (a), (c), (e), & (g) images is expressed in percentage in (b), (d), (f), & (h), respectively. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-310202416579.jpg)
![Western Blot: beta-Actin Antibody [NB100-56874] - Downregulation of La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B leads to reduction in viral replication: overnight grown Huh-7.5 cells were transfected with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, & PSMA7 siRNAs for 48 h. Cells were then infected with the virus & again transfected with same siRNAs. After incubation total RNA was isolated & subjected to RT-PCR. NS5B siRNA was transfected once only after cells were infected. (a), (c), (e), & (g) represent RT-PCR results for target genes & NS5B gene upon treatment with La autoantigen, hVAP-A, PSMA7, & NS5B siRNAs, respectively. Densitometric analysis of (a), (c), (e), & (g) images is expressed in percentage in (b), (d), (f), & (h), respectively. The data represent mean ± standard deviation. ∗P value < 0.05 versus control considered statistically significant. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27446609), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-56874_rabbit-polyclonal-beta-actin-antibody-31020241554545.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (AE-1/AE-3) [NBP2-29429] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with pan Cytokeratin Antibody (AE1 + AE3) NBP2-33200AF647 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647. Image from the AF647 version of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-29429_mouse-monoclonal-cytokeratin-pan-antibody-ae-1-ae-3-imgenex-nbo-135a-20ug-17720249362612.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (AE-1/AE-3) [NBP2-29429] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with pan Cytokeratin [AE1 + AE3] Antibody NBP2-33200AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488. Image from the AF488 version of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-29429_mouse-monoclonal-cytokeratin-pan-antibody-ae-1-ae-3-imgenex-nbo-135a-20ug-17720241003217.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Cytokeratin, pan Antibody (AE-1/AE-3) [NBP2-29429] - An intracellular stain was performed on HeLa cells with pan Cytokeratin Antibody (AE1 + AE3) NBP2-33200PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to phycoerythrin. Image from the PE version of this antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp2-29429_mouse-monoclonal-cytokeratin-pan-antibody-ae-1-ae-3-imgenex-nbo-135a-20ug-1772024944230.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Validation with PD-L1 siRNA Knockdown. HeLa cells were transfected with control siRNAs (lane 1) or PD-L1 siRNAs (lane 2). Loading: 10 ug of HeLa whole cell lysates per lane. Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL) and GAPDH (0.02 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NBP1-76769-img0024.jpg "<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Validation with PD-L1 siRNA Knockdown. HeLa cells were transfected with control siRNAs (lane 1) or PD-L1 siRNAs (lane 2). Loading: 10 ug of HeLa whole cell lysates per lane. Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL) and GAPDH (0.02 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST. Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 dilution.")
![<b>Independent Antibodies Validation and Genetic Strategies Validation.</b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Independent Antibody Validation (IAV) via Protein Expression ProfileLoading: 15 ug of lysates per lane.Antibodies: NBP1-76769 (2 ug/mL), PD-L1 (2 ug/mL), and beta-actin (1 ug/mL), 1 h incubation at RT in 5% NFDM/TBST.Secondary: Goat anti-rabbit and or anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate at 1:10000 and 1:5000 dilution, respectively.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0023.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - CD274 (PD-L1) expression in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA database , HNSCC tissue samples and the HNSCC cells. Immunostaining of PD-L1 obtained from HNSCC tumor cells, immune cells and tumor margin tissues in HNSCC tissue samples (magnification A-200, scale bars 50AI1/4m) : low tumor staining; moderate tumor staining; high tumor staining have been observed. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-Negative-NBP1-76769-img0025.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 expression was evaluated in gastric cancer cells. Levels of PD-L1 protein were assessed in normal human gastric epithelial cells and 8 gastric cancer cell lines by Western blots. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Autophagy inhibition enhances PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res (2019)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0026.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Upregulated expression of PD-L1 in cisplatin-resistant cells through IL-6/STAT3. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0027.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - CD274 (PD-L1) expression in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA databas HNSCC cells. CD274 expression with survival and its relation with therapy in the HNSCC patients from the TCGA database. Expression of CD274 gene and PD-L1 protein in the established cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells and cisplatin sensitive cells by qRT-PCR and WB (F, H): CD274 (PD-L1) expressed in cisplatin resistant cell. Image collected and cropped by Citeab from the following publication (Lactoferricin B reverses cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells through targeting PD-L1. Cancer Med (2018)) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0028.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - U-251 MG cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes and permeabilized in 0.05% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 minutes. The cells were incubated with anti- NBP1-76769 at 1 ug/ml overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit Dylight 488 (Green) at a 1:1000 dilution for 60 minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 100X objective and digitally deconvolved.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-76769-img0029.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - An intracellular stain was performed on U-251 MG cells with PD-L1 Antibody NBP1-76769 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-24891 (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 2.5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Dylight 550 (SA5-10033, Thermo Fisher).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NBP1-76769-img0030.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Expression of CD274 in Human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line upon treatment with 200 mM ethanol. Dilution: 1:1,000 in PBS with 5% BSA. Secondary Ab: anti-Rabbit IgG 1:5,000. Western blot image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NBP1-76769-img0019.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Human tonsil tissue with PD-L1 antibody at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0017.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Staining of human heart tissue with antibody at 2.5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1/B7-H1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 in rat heart tissue with at 5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NBP1-76769-img0020.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Analysis of A-20 cells using B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 antibody at 0.5 ug/mL. Green: Isotype control. Red : B7-H1/PD-L1/CD274 antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NBP1-76769-img0018.jpg)
![Immunofluorescence: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - Human Heart cells with PD-L1 antibody at 20 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Immunofluorescence-NBP1-76769-img0009.jpg)
![Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC: PD-L1 Antibody [NBP1-76769] - PDCD1 mRNA (red) and PD-L1 protein (green) were detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of human lung cancer. ACD's Integrated Co-Detection Workflow was performed using ACD RNAScope Probe Hs-PDCD1 and PD-L1 antibody at 1:100 dilution. Tissue was stained on Leica Bond RX using RNAscope (TM) 2.5 LS Reagent Kit-RED, BOND Polymer Refine Detection (DAB) and Hematoxylin, BOND Polymer Refine Red Detection and Hematoxylin and RNAscope (TM) 2.5 LS Green Accessory Pack. Tissue was counterstained with 50% hematoxylin (blue).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/PD-L1-Antibody-Dual-RNAscope-ISH-IHC-NBP1-76769-img0031.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ROS mediated PD-L1 upregulation in FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a) Intracellular ROS in LO2 cells before & after FFA treatment measured by DCFH-DA. (b–d) Expression levels of NOX2 & NOX4 measured using qRT-PCR & western blot. (e) JC-1 probes were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. (f–j) Intracellular ROS in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment, measured by DCFH-DA, PD-L1 expression determined by western blot. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415382415.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-31020241534538.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 expression levels in liver samples & FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a–d) PD-L1 expression & CD8+ T cells in the liver tissues determined by immunohistochemistry. (e) Intracellular lipid accumulation after FFA treatment (0.8 mM) for 24 hour measured by Oil Red staining. (f–i) Expression levels of PD-L1 detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, & immunofluorescence. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415175299.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415291978.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Inhibition of NF-kappa B or STAT3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in adi-CM model. a PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of NF-kappa B inhibitor, withaferin A (WA). b PD-L1 protein levels in HepG2 cells treated with different concentration of STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102. c PD-L1 protein levels in B16-F1 cells incubated with WA. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 6, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Vs adi-CM group. ##P < 0.01 & ###P < 0.001 Vs DMSO group Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32477009), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415175210.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ROS/ZNF24/PD-L1 pathway activation in NAFLD models. (a) Intracellular ROS in hepatocytes in NAFLD significantly increased. (b) JC-1 probes were used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. (c & d) NOX4 & ZNF24 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. (e & f) ROS/ZNF24/PD-L1 pathway activation examined by western blot. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415284517.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 limits liver injury in NAFLD models. (a & b) Western blot determined the effect of siRNA against PD-L1. (c) After PD-L1 knockdown, mRNA expression levels of markers of T cell activation measured by qRT-PCR. (d & e) Hepatocyte injury was evaluated by the Tunel assay & ALT/AST measurement. (f) Graph illustrating that both ROS/ZNF24 pathway activation & UBE2I-mediated ZNF24 sumoylation suppression induced by FFA promoted PD-L1 expression. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-31020241529331.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - PD-L1 knockdown aggravated the damage of CD8 + T cells to FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a & b) Western blot determined the effect of siRNA against PD-L1. Coculturing of FFA-treated LO2 cells & CD8 + T cells in vitro. (c) mRNA expression levels of markers of T cell activation measured by qRT-PCR, (d) LO2 cell injury was evaluated by LDH assay, (e) AST or ALT in the supernatants measured by commercial assay kits. # represents that CD8 + T cells were incubated separately with LO2 cells, but supernatants were put together. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202415304228.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Upregulated expression of PD‐L1 in cisplatin‐resistant cells through IL‐6/STAT3. The cisplatin resistant CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis cells had increased IL‐6 mRNA & IL‐6 protein production compared to parental cells by qRT‐PCR & ELISA (A, B). CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis were cultured with IL‐6 (10 ng/mL, human recombinant IL‐6, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) for 48 h (C). An anti‐human IL‐6 polyclonal antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) was used to neutralize the biological activities of IL‐6 (E, F). To inhibit signal transduction, CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis cells were pre‐incubated for 1 h with STAT3 inhibitor V (Sigma‐Aldrich, Germany, 500 nmol/L), & then incubated with recombinant human IL‐6 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h before analysis. Data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent triplicate cultures (A, B, D, E, F, H). *P < .05, **P < .01 & ***P < .001, compared with the results of control without IL‐6 (D), control IgG (E, F) & with IL‐6 alone (H) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29761938), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175266.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - ZNF24 promoted PD-L1 expression through binding to its promoter in FFA-treated LO2 cells. (a) A schematic of the target sites (wild & mutant) of ZNF24 in the promoter of PD-L1. (b–d) Dual-luciferase reporter assays performed in LO2 cells transfected with WT or MT plasmid containing ZNF24-binding sites in the PD-L1 promoter using Lipofectamine 2000 after ZNF24 overexpression. (e–g) ZNF24 expression after FFA treatment determined by qRT-PCR & western blot. (h & i) ZNF24 expression in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment, measured by western blot. (j & k) ZNF24 & PD-L1 expression in LO2 cells pretreated with siRNA against ZNF24, followed by FFA treatment detected by western blot. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416165623.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - LfcinB reduced IL‐6‐dependent PD‐L1 expression in cisplatin‐resistant HNSCC cells (A‐C) & inhibited the xenograft growth from CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis (D, E). The markedly decreased IL‐6 (A) by ELISA & PD‐L1 by WB (B, C) in the acquired cisplatin‐resistant cells were detected. In figure A, C & D, data are shown as mean ± SD of 3 independent triplicate cultures. *P < .05 & **P < .01, compared with the results of control without IL‐6 (A, C). To investigate the effects of LfcinB on in vivo growth of CAL27cis & Detroit‐562cis, we treated nude mice carrying CAL27cis (D) & Detroit‐562cis (E) xenografts with once‐daily injection of 0.75 mg LfcinB (n = 5). Tumor growth of HNSCC xenografts displayed significant reduction after 3 days of LfcinB treatment, compared to control with saline (*P < .05 for LfcinB) Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29761938), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175227.jpg)
![Western Blot: PD-L1 Antibody - BSA Free [NBP1-76769] - Identification of ZNF24–UBE2I protein interactions. (a & b) Analysis of protein interactions between ZNF24 & UBE2I using the BioGRID database, further confirmed by Co-IP assays. (c–f) UBE2I expression in LO2 cells treated by FFA or pretreated with siRNA against NOX4, MitoTEMPO (10 μM), or NAC (5 mM) followed by FFA treatment measured by western blot. (g & h) After FFA treatment, Sumo-1: ZNF24 & ZNF24 expression levels detected by western blot. (i & j) After UBE2I overexpression, Sumo-1: ZNF24, ZNF24, PD-L1, & UBE2I expression levels were determined by western blot. (k–m) Dual-luciferase reporter assays performed in LO2 cells transfected with WT plasmid containing ZNF24-binding sites in the PD-L1 promoter using Lipofectamine 2000 after ZNF24 overexpression with or without Sumo-1 overexpression. ∗∗P < 0.01. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35615575), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-76769_rabbit-polyclonal-pd-l1-antibody-310202416175269.jpg)
![Western Blot: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - Collagen I Antibody [NBP1-30054] - Rat lung lysate showing specific immunolabeling of the collagen protein with an observed molecular weight ~140.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Collagen-I-alpha-1-Antibody---Azide-and-BSA-Free-Western-Blot-NBP1-30054-img0005.jpg "Western Blot: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - Collagen I Antibody [NBP1-30054] - Rat lung lysate showing specific immunolabeling of the collagen protein with an observed molecular weight ~140.")
![Immunohistochemistry: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - Immunohistochemical staining targeting Collagen I alpha 1 revealed severe disorganization of the annulus fibrosus (AF), and a decrease in staining intensity for group D. On the contrary, the arcshaped and layered AF structure with immunoreactivity for type I collagen staining were mostly maintained in group S when compared to group C. Presented images show the AF at site of surgery, defect, and transplant. Abbreviations: D: AF defect only group, S: AF defect treated with sheet transplantation group, C: sham group, NC: negative control of sample stained without primary antibody (scale bar=300um). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31463464/) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Collagen-I-alpha-1-Antibody---Azide-and-BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-NBP1-30054-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - Collagen I Antibody [NBP1-30054] - Formaldehyde-fixed fibrotic mouse lung tissue. The antibody recognizes mature collagen I (red) that has formed fibrils in the extracellular matrix.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Collagen-I-alpha-1-Antibody---Azide-and-BSA-Free-Immunohistochemistry-NBP1-30054-img0004.jpg)
![Simple Western: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - Simple Western lane view shows a specific band for Collagen I Alpha 1 in 0.5 mg/ml of Human Lung (left) and Human Kidney (right) lysate. This experiment was performed under reducing conditions using the 66-440 kDa separation system. * Non-specific interaction with the 230 kDa Simple Western standard may be seen with this antibody](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Collagen-I-alpha-1-Antibody---Azide-and-BSA-Free-Simple-Western-NBP1-30054-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: Collagen I alpha 1 Antibody - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-30054] - TNC deficiency reduced kidney fibrosis in animal models.Deletion of TNC (TNC−/−) significantly attenuated the induction of collagen I assessed by IF following UUO by approximate 30% at day 7 & 10 compared with their wild-type littermates (A, n = 4 for each time point, two-way ANOVA p < 0.05). Consistently, the expression of fibrosis markers, such as collagen I alpha , fibronectin & plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were significantly lower in TNC−/− mice at UUO day 7 & 10 (B, n = 4 for each time point, two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Western blot showed that the proteins of collagen I alpha & alpha -SMA were also significantly reduced in TNC−/− mice at UUO day 7 (C, n = 7, p < 0.05). Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36522320), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-30054_rabbit-polyclonal-collagen-i-alpha-1-antibody-31020241534311.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Human lung cancer. Rad50 stained by Rad50 antibody [13B3] diluted at 1:100.Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-147-img0015.jpg "Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Human lung cancer. Rad50 stained by Rad50 antibody [13B3] diluted at 1:100.Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min")
![Western Blot: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Analysis of RAD50 in 293T cell lysate using anti-RAD50 antibody.Image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Western-Blot-NB100-147-img0007.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - CAL 27 xenograft. Rad50 antibody [13B3] diluted at 1:200. Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-147-img0009.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - PC-3 xenograft. Rad50 antibody [13B3] diluted at 1:200. Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-147-img0010.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Human lung cancer. Rad50 stained by Rad50 antibody [13B3] diluted at 1:100.Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-147-img0014.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Non-transfected (-) and transfected (+) HeLa whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad50 antibody [13B3].](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad50-Antibody-13B3-Western-Blot-NB100-147-img0013.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad50 Antibody (13B3) [NB100-147] - Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad50 antibody [13B3] (NB100-147) diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-147_mouse-monoclonal-rad50-antibody-13b3-91020242091495.jpg)
![Rad50 antibody [13B3] detects Rad50 protein at nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: Rad50 protein stained by Rad50 antibody [13B3] (NB100-147) diluted at 1:200.Red: phalloidin, a cytoskeleton marker, diluted at 1:200.Scale bar = 10 ?m.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-147_mouse-monoclonal-rad50-antibody-13b3-immunocytochemistry-immunofluorescence-141120251839209.jpg)
![HeLa whole cell and nuclear extracts (30 ug) were separated by 5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad50 antibody [13B3] (NB100-147) diluted at 1:1000. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-147_mouse-monoclonal-rad50-antibody-13b3-western-blot-1411202518421723.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - eIF3f facilitates hMSH4 stabilization. Western blotting analysis of the levels of HDAC3, hRad51, and VBP1 expression in 293T, 293T/eIF3f, and 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells. 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells treated with 1 or 10 Gy IR were fractionated at 6 hrs post-treatment and the levels of hMSH4 and eIF3f in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were determined by immunoblotting. Alpha-tubulin was used as a marker for the cytoplasmic fraction. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-4598-12-51) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Western-Blot-NB100-148-img0020.jpg "<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - eIF3f facilitates hMSH4 stabilization. Western blotting analysis of the levels of HDAC3, hRad51, and VBP1 expression in 293T, 293T/eIF3f, and 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells. 293T/eIF3f-hMSH4 cells treated with 1 or 10 Gy IR were fractionated at 6 hrs post-treatment and the levels of hMSH4 and eIF3f in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were determined by immunoblotting. Alpha-tubulin was used as a marker for the cytoplasmic fraction. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-4598-12-51) licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - HCC1937 (human immortalized breast cancer) cells treated with PARPi for 96 h. Nuclei are stained in blue (DAPI) and RAD51 in red. ICC/IF image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-148-img0021.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - BT483 xenograft. RAD51 antibody 14B4 dilution at 1:200. Antigen Retrieval: Trilogy(TM) (EDTA based, pH 8.0) buffer, 15 min.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-148-img0003.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad51 antibody [14B4] diluted at 1:500. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouset IgG antibody (NBP2-19382) was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident ECL plus-Enhanced.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Western-Blot-NB100-148-img0009.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad51 antibody [14B4] diluted at 1:500. The HRP-conjugated anti-mouset IgG antibody (NBP2-19382) was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident ECL plus-Enhanced.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Western-Blot-NB100-148-img0011.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - Staining of RAD51 nuclear foci in U2OS cells using RAD51 14B4 antibody. Cells were pre-extracted with CSK buffer before fixation with 4% PFA. RAD51 14B4 was used at 1:1000 dultion. DAPI was used to counterstain the nucleus. Scale bar, 10 mciro-meter.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-148-img0004.jpg)
![Immunoprecipitation: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - HeLa whole cell extract prepared with lysis 180 buffer (40 mM Tris-HCl pH8.0, 180 mM NaCl, 1 mMEDTA, 0.5% NP-40). Rabbit anti-RAD51 antibody was used for subsequent WB detection of immunoprecipated RAD51.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Immunoprecipitation-NB100-148-img0005.jpg)
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - Non-transfected (-) and transfected (+) 293T whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad51 antibody [14B4].](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Rad51-Antibody-14B4-Western-Blot-NB100-148-img0006.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - YFP-PALB2 & YFP-PALB2 146AAAA binds RAD51 equally.Lysates from HEK293T cells expressing the indicated constructs were subjected to GFP-Trap pulldown & immunoblotting against YFP or RAD51. YFP alone was used as a negative control. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31017574), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-148_mouse-monoclonal-rad51-antibody-14b4-31020241534372.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - Bractoppin Selectively Interrupts BRCA1-Dependent Steps in DNA Repair by Homologous Recombination(A) Confocal images depicting at high magnification the recruitment of the RPA32 protein into nuclear foci after the indicated treatments. Experiments were carried out as described as in Figure 5A. Staining in the upper row is for RPA32 (green), middle row, for mCherry-BRCA1 tBRCT (red); lower row, merged red & green staining, with DNA staining (DAPI) in blue. Scale bar represents 10 μm.(B) Recruitment of RAD51 protein into nuclear foci, measured & depicted as described in (A). Scale bar represents 10 μm.(C) Percentage of cells positive for radiation-induced nuclear RPA32 foci (mean ± SD; n = 5,300, 0 Gy; 3,200, 16 Gy; 3,600, BRCA1 tBRCT; 3,400, Bractoppin; 3,500, CCBT2047) enumerated by high-content imaging (see the STAR Methods). Statistical significance was performed using an unpaired two-tailed t test. ***p ≤ 0.001. Similar results were observed in three independent repeats.(D) Percentage of cells containing nuclear RAD51 foci enumerated & depicted as described in (B). ***p ≤ 0.001. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606576), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-148_mouse-monoclonal-rad51-antibody-14b4-310202415525270.jpg)
![Western Blot: Rad51 Antibody (14B4) [NB100-148] - MiCas9’s beneficial effects are Brex27 & RAD51 dependent.a Indel rates by spCas9, miCas9, & miCas9-mutant at the on-target site for sg-AAVS1 & the off-target site 1 for sg-EMX1. b Indel rates estimated by T7E1 assay by spCas9 & miCas9 with or without the use of RAD51 inhibitor, B02. c Co-IP results by using anti-flag (left) or anti-RAD51 (right) antibodies followed western blot for RAD51 or Cas9. d ChIP assay results with anti-RAD51 antibody at the proximal region of the sg-AAVS1 target locus. Sp: spCas9, Mi: miCas9, Mi-mut: miCas9-mutant. #Reads: Average amplicon reads per sample. Three independent experiments were performed for each condition. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of means (SEM). Unpaired t-test (two tailed) was used to compare data using GraphPad Prism 8 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA). Source data are available in the Source Data file. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33247137), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-148_mouse-monoclonal-rad51-antibody-14b4-31020241554538.jpg)
![Various whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Rad51 antibody [14B4] (NB100-148) diluted at 1:500. The HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody, and the signal was developed with Trident femto Western HRP Substrate.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb100-148_mouse-monoclonal-rad51-antibody-14b4-western-blot-1411202518273416.jpg)
![Hydralazine enhances NRF2 signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. c Hydralazine reduced the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1. Interactions were measured by reciprocal Co-IPs followed by western blot analysis. *p 0.05). n = 5–6/group. * P Sample: Neuro2A cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: Nrf2 stained by Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:1000.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32822_rabbit-polyclonal-nrf2-antibody-91020242021994.jpg "Hydralazine enhances NRF2 signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. c Hydralazine reduced the interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1. Interactions were measured by reciprocal Co-IPs followed by western blot analysis. *p 0.05). n = 5–6/group. * P Sample: Neuro2A cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: Nrf2 stained by Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:1000.")
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Nrf2 Antibody [NBP1-32822] - Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal detects Nrf2 protein at cytoplasm and nucleus by immunohistochemical analysis.Sample: Paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma.Nrf2 stained by Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:500.Antigen Retrieval: Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, 15 min](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32822_rabbit-polyclonal-nrf2-antibody-910202420115018.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Nrf2 Antibody [NBP1-32822] - Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal detects Nrf2 protein at nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: Nrf2 stained by Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:1000.Red: phalloidin, a cytoskeleton marker, diluted at 1:200.Scale bar= 10 um.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32822_rabbit-polyclonal-nrf2-antibody-9102024202465.jpg)
![<b>Orthogonal Strategies Validation. </b>Untreated (-) and treated (+) HepG2 whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Nrf2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:2000. The HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32822_rabbit-polyclonal-nrf2-antibody-western-blot-1411202518393121.jpg)
![NRF2 antibody [N2C2], Internal detects NRF2 protein at nucleus by immunofluorescent analysis.Sample: Mock and treated HeLa cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at RT for 15 min.Green: NRF2 stained by NRF2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:500.Blue: Fluoroshield with DAPI .](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32553_rabbit-polyclonal-hla-drb4-antibody-western-blot-26112025185022.jpg)
![Untreated (-) and treated (+) HepG2 whole cell extracts (30 ug) were separated by 5% SDS-PAGE, and the membranes were blotted with NRF2 antibody [N2C2], Internal (NBP1-32822) diluted at 1:500 and competitor's antibody diluted at 1:500. The HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody was used to detect the primary antibody.*The competitor is not affiliated with Novus and does not endorse this product.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nbp1-32462_rabbit-polyclonal-alpha-actinin-2-antibody-western-blot-26112025185017.jpg)
![Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - PrP-mediated increase in IC iron downregulates glucose transporters in the brain, neuroretina, and the liver: A similar evaluation of retinal lysates shows upregulation of Glut1 in PrP-/- relative to Tg40 PrP samples (lanes 1 & 3). Iron overloading downregulates Glut1 in Tg40 PrP samples relative to untreated controls, but has minimal effect on similarly treated PrP-/- samples (lanes 2 & 4). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24786-1) licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-39113-img0019.jpg "<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - PrP-mediated increase in IC iron downregulates glucose transporters in the brain, neuroretina, and the liver: A similar evaluation of retinal lysates shows upregulation of Glut1 in PrP-/- relative to Tg40 PrP samples (lanes 1 & 3). Iron overloading downregulates Glut1 in Tg40 PrP samples relative to untreated controls, but has minimal effect on similarly treated PrP-/- samples (lanes 2 & 4). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24786-1) licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - Western blot of GLUT1 on mouse kidney membrane protein (lane A) and rat kidney membrane protein (lane B).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-39113-img0006.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - Immunohistochemical analysis of FFPE tissue section of human placenta using 1:200 dilution of Glut1 antibody. The staining was developed using HRP-DAB detection method and the sections were further counterstained with hematoxylin. This antibody generated a specific strong membrane cytoplasmic staining of Glut1 primarily in the syncytiotrophoblast layers of various villi and in the red blood cells (RBCs). Cytotrophoblasts showed a very weak expression of this protein.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB110-39113-img0011.jpg)
![Flow Cytometry: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - An intracellular stain was performed on HepG2 with NB110-39113 and a matched isotype control. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeablized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature, followed by Rabbit IgG (H+L) Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-39113-img0018.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - HepG2 cells were fixed for 10 minutes using 10% formalin and then permeabilized for 5 minutes using 1X TBS + 0.5% Triton X-100. The cells were incubated with anti-GLUT1 at a 1:200 dilution overnight at 4C and detected with an anti-rabbit DyLight 488 (Green) at a 1:500 dilution. Alpha tubulin (DM1A) NB100-690 was used as a co-stain at a 1:1000 dilution and detected with an anti-mouse DyLight 550 (Red) at a 1:500 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). Cells were imaged using a 40X objective](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB110-39113-img0013.jpg)
![Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - Analysis of HeLa lysates using NB110-39113. Image courtesy of Gregg Semenza (PMID: 21620138).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-39113-img0007.jpg)
![Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - Glut1 in human brain lysate (55 kDa). Antibody at 1:500. Western blot image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB110-39113-img0016.jpg)
![<b>Biological Strategies Validation. </b>Flow Cytometry: Glut1 Antibody [NB110-39113] - Flow cytometry analysis using the PE conjugate of NB110-39113. Staining of Glut 1 expression on CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and insulin (1ug/mL) for 5 days in culture media with additional glucose provided. FMO control (red) and isotype control (blue, NBP2-24983) were compared to CD4+ T cells (orange), and this PE conjugated Glut 1 antibody positively stained CD4+ lymphocytes isolated from Mouse. Flow cytometry image submitted by a verified customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/Glut1-Antibody-Flow-Cytometry-NB110-39113-img0014.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Glut1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-39113] - LAIR-1 inhibits Glut1-related glucose uptake in OS cells. a Heatmap showing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs. b Top 20 KEGG pathway annotation categories for target gene functions of predicted mRNAs. c Selected significantly differentially expressed mRNA-related to EMT in RNA-seq data between two groups, ***P < 0.001. d qPCR validation of differentially expressed EMT-related genes in LV-NC & LV-LAIR-1-overexpressing OS cells, **P < 0.01. e Glut1 expression analyzed by western blotting. f Immunofluorescence staining of Glut1 in the LV-LAIR-1-overexpressing OS cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data were obtained from at least two independent experiments. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32563267), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-39113_rabbit-polyclonal-glut1-antibody-310202415175286.jpg)
![Western Blot: Glut1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-39113] - LAIR-1 inhibits Glut1-related glucose uptake in OS cells. a Heatmap showing the levels of differentially expressed mRNAs. b Top 20 KEGG pathway annotation categories for target gene functions of predicted mRNAs. c Selected significantly differentially expressed mRNA-related to EMT in RNA-seq data between two groups, ***P < 0.001. d qPCR validation of differentially expressed EMT-related genes in LV-NC & LV-LAIR-1-overexpressing OS cells, **P < 0.01. e Glut1 expression analyzed by western blotting. f Immunofluorescence staining of Glut1 in the LV-LAIR-1-overexpressing OS cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. Data were obtained from at least two independent experiments. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32563267), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-39113_rabbit-polyclonal-glut1-antibody-310202415334922.jpg)
![Simple Western: Glut1 Antibody - BSA Free [NB110-39113] - Protein changes in ONHAs corroborate bioenergetics data. (A) Glucose transporter-1 protein levels in Stretched ONH astrocytes are significantly higher than Control (*p = 0.0225, n = 7 Control, n = 8 Stretch). Retinal lysate from a 2 month-old mouse was used as a positive control for each protein analyzed, while negative control was the signal obtained when no primary antibody was included in the capillary. (B) Lactate dehydrogenase-A, the astrocyte-specific isoform of the enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate & lactate, has equivalent protein levels in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (C) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the enzyme that shunts glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway, is no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (D) Glutamine synthetase, the enzyme that synthesizes glutamine from glutamate, is no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. (E) The monomeric form of glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) has significantly higher protein levels in the Stretch as compared to the Control ONH astrocytes (p = 0.020; n = 4 Control, n = 5 Stretch). (F) GLAST dimer protein levels are no different in Control & Stretch ONH astrocytes. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35992925), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by Novus Biologicals.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/nb110-39113_rabbit-polyclonal-glut1-antibody-310202416284917.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - IHC and Immunofluorescence of wounded tissue and normal unwounded skin. Representative images for immunofluorescent staining of PHD-2 on healed wounded skin and adjacent normal unwounded skin of wild type, heterozygous K14-Cre/homozygous floxed PHD-2, and heterozygous Col1 alpha2-Cre-ER/homozygous floxed PHD-2 mice at 400x magnification. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093373), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-2219-img0015.jpg "Immunohistochemistry: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - IHC and Immunofluorescence of wounded tissue and normal unwounded skin. Representative images for immunofluorescent staining of PHD-2 on healed wounded skin and adjacent normal unwounded skin of wild type, heterozygous K14-Cre/homozygous floxed PHD-2, and heterozygous Col1 alpha2-Cre-ER/homozygous floxed PHD-2 mice at 400x magnification. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093373), licensed under a CC-BY license.")
![<b>Genetic Strategies Validation. </b>Western Blot: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - In vitro analysis of PHD-2 knockout and protein quantification.Western blot data for PHD-2 knockout in fibroblasts of heterozygous Col1 alpha2-Cre-ER/homozygous floxed PHD-2 mice compared to wild type mice (*p<0.05). D') Western blot data for PHD-2 knockout in keratinocytes of heterozygous K14-Cre/homozygous floxed PHD-2 mice compared to wild type mice (*p<0.05). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093373), licensed under a CC-BY license.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Knockdown-Validated-NB100-2219-img0016.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - Analysis of an FFPE mouse lung section using 1:200 dilution of EGLN1/PHD2 antibody. The staining was developed using HRP conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody and DAB reagent. The antibody generated a specific staining in the cytoplasm and nuclei of alveolar as well as bronchiolar epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in almost all cells while the nuclear positivity was seen in a subset of cells only.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin-NB100-2219-img0014.jpg)
![Western Blot: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - Detection of EGLN1/PHD2 in mouse kidney lysate. ECL exposure, 20 seconds.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Western-Blot-NB100-2219-img0013.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - EGLN1/PHD2 antibody at 1:500 in HeLa cells with DyLight 488 (green). Nuclei and alpha-tubulin were counterstained with DAPI (blue) and DyLight 550 (red).](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-2219-img0012.jpg)
![Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - Analysis of EGLN1/PHD2 in ARPE-19 cells using anti-PHD2 antibody. ICC/IF image submitted by a veriifed customer review.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Immunocytochemistry-Immunofluorescence-NB100-2219-img0009.jpg)
![Immunohistochemistry: EGLN1/PHD2 Antibody [NB100-2219] - Staining of renal tubular epithelium in mouse using NB100-2219 at 2.5 ug/mL.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/EGLN1-PHD2-Antibody-Immunohistochemistry-NB100-2219-img0010.jpg)
![Expression of genes in the RA signaling pathway and the specificity of RAR gamma expression by NGN3+ spermatogonia. (A) Scatter plot comparing the levels of transcripts expressed by GFR alpha 1+ and NGN3+ cells according to microarray analysis. For each fraction, average values from three independent RNA samples sorted from different animals are shown. The middle line indicates a difference of 0, and the outer lines represent ratios {log2([NGN3+]/[GFR alpha 1+])} of 1.0 and −1.0. Red dots indicate genes expressed at significantly different levels (P<0.05, t-test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction). Members of the Rar and Rxr gene families are indicated. A list of the genes in this panel is shown in supplementary material Table S2. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of Rara and Rarg mRNA expression in GFR alpha 1+, NGN3+ and KIT+ spermatogonia. Relative copy numbers are shown in arbitrary units after normalization to the amount of Actb mRNA. The mean±s.e.m. values of three independent cell preparations from different animals are shown. *P=0.043, **P=0.011 and ***P=0.0065 (t-test). (C) Representative IF images of whole-mount seminiferous tubules from Ngn3-EGFP mice stained for EGFP, GFR alpha 1 and RAR gamma . (D,E) Frequency of single- and double-positive spermatogonia for the expression of RAR gamma and NGN3 (recognized as RAR gamma +/KIT− and NGN3-EGFP+/KIT−, respectively) (D) and of RAR gamma and GFR alpha 1 (E). Total counts are shown above each bar. Scale bar: 50 μm. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//journals.biologists.com/dev/article/doi/10.1242/dev.118695/258623/Hierarchical-differentiation-competence-in), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.](http://images.novusbio.com/fullsize/af560_rat-gfr-alpha-1-gdnf-r-alpha-1-affinity-purified-pab-8220249505971.jpg)
