IL-21 Antibody [Unconjugated]

IL‑21 was detected in immersion fixed concanavalin A-stimulated mouse splenocytes using 15 µg/mL Mouse IL‑21 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF594) for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained with the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained (green). View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Recombinant Mouse IL-21 (Catalog # 594-ML) stimulates proliferation in the NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Mouse IL-21 (10 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Mouse IL-21 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF594). The ND50 is typically 0.2-2 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, B/N, ELISA(Cap), ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

IL-21 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant mouse IL‑21 (R&D Systems, Catalog # 594-ML)
  Pro25-Ser146
  Accession # Q9ES17
• Specificity: Detects mouse IL-21 in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich ELISAs, less than 0.5% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) IL-2, rmIL-4, rmIL-15, and recombinant human IL-21 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: IL21
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.2-0.8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.2-2 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Mouse IL-21 Antibody (Catalog # AF594) ELISA Detection: Mouse IL-21 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF594) Standard: Recombinant Mouse IL-21 (Catalog # 594-ML)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 6 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for IL-21 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• CVID11
• IL21
• IL-21
• IL-21Za11interleukin-21
• interleukin 21
• interleukin-21 isoform
• Za11

Background

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) and its receptor appear to play important roles in the regulation of the immune system. IL-21 is most related to IL-2, IL-4, and IL-15. IL-21 R, also called NILR (novel interleukin receptor), is a type I cytokine receptor with 4 conserved cysteine residues and an extracellular WSXWS motif. It is most closely related to IL-2 R beta and IL-4 R alpha . Mouse IL-21 is a 146 amino acid (aa) residue protein with a 24 aa signal peptide. Mouse and human IL-21 share 57% amino acid sequence identity. IL-21 is expressed by activated T cells. Although not fully elucidated, the IL-2 R gamma ( gamma c ) chain appears to play a role in IL-21 R signaling. The IL-21/IL-21 R interaction appear to play important roles in B and T cell proliferation after antigen stimulation and NK cell maturation.

1. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
2. Ozaki, K. et al. (2000) PNAS 97:11439.
3. Dumoutier, L. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10144.
4. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for IL-21 Antibody (AF594)(81)

Publications using AF594

• Akgul, A;Freguia, CF;Maddaloni, M;Hoffman, C;Voigt, A;Nguyen, CQ;Fanger, NA;Fanger, GR;Pascual, DW; Treatment with a Lactococcus lactis that chromosomally express E. coli cfaI mitigates salivary flow loss in a Sjögren's syndrome-like disease Scientific reports 2023-11-09 [PMID: 37945636] (ELISA Capture, Mouse)
• Matsumoto D, Toba H, Kenzaki K et al. Lung regeneration with rat fetal lung implantation and promotion of alveolar stem cell differentiation by corticosteroids Regen Ther 9/14/2023 [PMID: 37744680]
• Matsumoto D, Toba H, Kenzaki K et al. Lung regeneration with rat fetal lung implantation and promotion of alveolar stem cell differentiation by corticosteroids Regen Ther 2023-09-14 [PMID: 37744680]
• Roux I, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Lee HJ et al. CHD7 variants associated with hearing loss and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct Hum Genet 2023-09-05 [PMID: 37668839]
• Roux I, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Lee HJ et al. CHD7 variants associated with hearing loss and enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct Hum Genet 9/5/2023 [PMID: 37668839]
• Freitas-Andrade, M;Comin, CH;Van Dyken, P;Ouellette, J;Raman-Nair, J;Blakeley, N;Liu, QY;Leclerc, S;Pan, Y;Liu, Z;Carrier, M;Thakur, K;Savard, A;Rurak, GM;Tremblay, MÈ;Salmaso, N;da F Costa, L;Coppola, G;Lacoste, B; Astroglial Hmgb1 regulates postnatal astrocyte morphogenesis and cerebrovascular maturation Nature communications 2023-08-16 [PMID: 37587100]
• Freitas-Andrade, M;Comin, CH;Van Dyken, P;Ouellette, J;Raman-Nair, J;Blakeley, N;Liu, QY;Leclerc, S;Pan, Y;Liu, Z;Carrier, M;Thakur, K;Savard, A;Rurak, GM;Tremblay, MÈ;Salmaso, N;da F Costa, L;Coppola, G;Lacoste, B; Astroglial Hmgb1 regulates postnatal astrocyte morphogenesis and cerebrovascular maturation Nature communications 8/16/2023 [PMID: 37587100]
• Diana Cadena Castaneda, Sonia Jangra, Marina Yurieva, Jan Martinek, Megan Callender, Matthew Coxe et al. Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia iScience 8/18/2023 [PMID: 37520727]
• Oyler BL, Valencia-Dávila JA, Moysi E et al. Multilevel human secondary lymphoid immune system compartmentalization revealed by complementary imaging approaches iScience 8/18/2023 [PMID: 37520703]
• Ugur M, Labios RJ, Fenton C et al. Lymph node medulla regulates the spatiotemporal unfolding of resident dendritic cell networks Immunity 7/7/2023 [PMID: 37463581]
  
  Details:
  Alexa Fluor 700 conjugation used
• Pizzato, HA;Alonso-Guallart, P;Woods, J;Johannesson, B;Connelly, JP;Fehniger, TA;Atkinson, JP;Pruett-Miller, SM;Monsma, FJ;Bhattacharya, D; Engineering Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Evade Xenogeneic Transplantation Barriers bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 6/29/2023 [PMID: 37425790]
• EN Schmidt, D Lamprinaki, KA McCord, M Joe, M Sojitra, A Waldow, J Nguyen, J Monyror, EN Kitova, F Mozaneh, XY Guo, J Jung, JR Enterina, GC Daskhan, L Han, AR Krysler, CR Cromwell, BP Hubbard, LJ West, M Kulka, S Sipione, JS Klassen, R Derda, TL Lowary, LK Mahal, MR Riddell, MS Macauley Siglec-6 mediates the uptake of extracellular vesicles through a noncanonical glycolipid binding pocket Nature Communications, 2023-04-22;14(1):2327. 2023-04-22 [PMID: 37087495]
• EN Schmidt, D Lamprinaki, KA McCord, M Joe, M Sojitra, A Waldow, J Nguyen, J Monyror, EN Kitova, F Mozaneh, XY Guo, J Jung, JR Enterina, GC Daskhan, L Han, AR Krysler, CR Cromwell, BP Hubbard, LJ West, M Kulka, S Sipione, JS Klassen, R Derda, TL Lowary, LK Mahal, MR Riddell, MS Macauley Siglec-6 mediates the uptake of extracellular vesicles through a noncanonical glycolipid binding pocket Nature Communications, 2023-04-22;14(1):2327. 4/22/2023 [PMID: 37087495]
• Li H, Bräunig S, Dhapolar P et al. Identification of phenotypically, functionally, and anatomically distinct stromal niche populations in human bone marrow based on single-cell RNA sequencing eLife 3/6/2023 [PMID: 36876630]
• Sreekumar S, Zhou D, Mpoy C et al. Preclinical Efficacy of a PARP-1 Targeted Auger-Emitting Radionuclide in Prostate Cancer International journal of molecular sciences 2/4/2023 [PMID: 36834491]
• Sarah J. Dart, Amy C. Prosser, Wen Hua Huang, Liu Liu, Andrew D. Lucas, Luc Delriviere et al. Subset-specific Retention of Donor Myeloid Cells After Major Histocompatibility Complex-matched and Mismatched Liver Transplantation Transplantation 7/1/2023 [PMID: 36584373]
• Quinton Blount, Ignacio Hernandez‐Morato, Yalda Moayedi, Michael J. Pitman Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development The Laryngoscope 9/1/2023 [PMID: 36271908]
• Shan Huang, Kristina A. Thomsson, Chunsheng Jin, Henrik Ryberg, Nabangshu Das, André Struglics et al. Truncated lubricin glycans in osteoarthritis stimulate the synoviocyte secretion of VEGFA, IL-8, and MIP-1 alpha : Interplay between O-linked glycosylation and inflammatory cytokines Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 9/21/2022 [PMID: 36213120]
• Sophia M. Orbach, Michael D. Brooks, Yining Zhang, Scott E. Campit, Grace G. Bushnell, Joseph T. Decker et al. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies anti-cancer immune phenotypes in the early lung metastatic niche during breast cancer Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 12/1/2022 [PMID: 36002598]
• Avishai Shemesh, Harry Pickering, Kole T. Roybal, Lewis L. Lanier Differential IL-12 signaling induces human natural killer cell activating receptor-mediated ligand-specific expansion Journal of Experimental Medicine 8/1/2022 [PMID: 35758909]
• Varn FS, Johnson KC, Martinek J Et al. Glioma progression is shaped by genetic evolution and microenvironment interactions Cell 6/1/2022 [PMID: 35649412]
  
  Details:
  Citation using the Alexa Fluor 647 version of this antibody.
• G Gerlini, P Di Gennaro, N Pimpinelli, S Sestini, L Borgognoni Tolerogenic IDO1+CD83- Langerhans Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Patients with Melanoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-03-22;23(7):. 3/22/2022 [PMID: 35408802]
• L Blondin-La, L Fourcade, A Modica, M Aranguren, N de Montign, AC Labbé, M Alary, F Guédou, J Poudrier, M Roger Monocyte Gene and Molecular Expression Profiles Suggest Distinct Effector and Regulatory Functions in Beninese HIV Highly Exposed Seronegative Female Commercial Sex Workers Viruses, 2022-02-10;14(2):. 2022-02-10 [PMID: 35215954] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• ES Kim, BH Yoon, SM Lee, M Choi, EH Kim, BW Lee, SY Kim, CG Pack, YH Sung, IJ Baek, CH Jung, TB Kim, JY Jeong, CH Ha Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates atherosclerosis in mice with C1q/TNF-related protein 9 genetic deficiency Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2022-02-03;0(0):. 2/3/2022 [PMID: 35115674]
• C El Khoueir, JH Cabungcal, Z Rovó, M Fournier, KQ Do, P Steullet Developmental oxidative stress leads to T-type Ca2+ channel hypofunction in thalamic reticular nucleus of mouse models pertinent to schizophrenia Molecular Psychiatry, 2022-01-25;0(0):. 1/25/2022 [PMID: 35079122]
• Bouchard G, Garcia-Marques FJ, Karacosta LG et al. Multiomics Analysis of Spatially Distinct Stromal Cells Reveals Tumor-Induced O-Glycosylation of the CDK4-pRB Axis in Fibroblasts at the Invasive Tumor Edge Cancer Research 2/15/2022 [PMID: 34853070]
• Bouchard G, Garcia-Marques FJ, Karacosta LG et al. Multiomics Analysis of Spatially Distinct Stromal Cells Reveals Tumor-Induced O-Glycosylation of the CDK4-pRB Axis in Fibroblasts at the Invasive Tumor Edge Cancer Research 2022-02-15 [PMID: 34853070]
• Matsunaga M, Kimura M, Ouchi T et al. Mechanical Stimulation-Induced Calcium Signaling by Piezo1 Channel Activation in Human Odontoblast Reduces Dentin Mineralization Frontiers in Physiology 2021-08-24 [PMID: 34504437]
• Matsunaga M, Kimura M, Ouchi T et al. Mechanical Stimulation-Induced Calcium Signaling by Piezo1 Channel Activation in Human Odontoblast Reduces Dentin Mineralization Frontiers in Physiology 8/24/2021 [PMID: 34504437]
• Zhang C, Li Y, Qin J et al. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Hair Follicle Regeneration Frontiers in Pharmacology 6/14/2021 [PMID: 34194323]
• Michael W. Epperly, Donna Shields, Renee Fisher, Wen Hou, Hong Wang, Diala Fatima Hamade et al. Radiation-Induced Senescence in p16+/LUC Mouse Lung Compared to Bone Marrow Multilineage Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Radiation Research 9/1/2021 [PMID: 34087939]
• Hager Mohamed, Eric Gebski, Rufranshell Reyes, Samuel Beane, Brian Wigdahl, Fred C. Krebs et al. Differential Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma RONS on Two Human Leukemic Cell Populations Cancers (Basel) 5/18/2021 [PMID: 34069922]
• Sabine Daemen, Mandy M. Chan, Joel D. Schilling Comprehensive analysis of liver macrophage composition by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence in murine NASH STAR Protocols 6/1/2021 [PMID: 33997821]
• Lise Lefèvre, Jason S. Iacovoni, Hélène Martini, Julie Bellière, Damien Maggiorani, Marianne Dutaur et al. Kidney inflammaging is promoted by CCR2+ macrophages and tissue-derived micro-environmental factors Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 4/1/2021 [PMID: 33313981]
• Mart M Lamers, Jelte van der Vaart, Kèvin Knoops, Samra Riesebosch, Tim I Breugem, Anna Z Mykytyn et al. An organoid‐derived bronchioalveolar model for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of human alveolar type II‐like cells The EMBO Journal 3/1/2021 [PMID: 33283287]
• A Villarreal, MW Tiruneh, J Lee, CF Guerrero-J, J Kuhn, JA David, K Dammeyer, R Mc Kell, J Kwong, PS Rabbani, Q Nie, DJ Ceradini Keratinocyte-Macrophage Crosstalk by the Nrf2/Ccl2/EGF Signaling Axis Orchestrates Tissue Repair Cell Rep, 2020-11-24;33(8):108417. 11/24/2020 [PMID: 33238115]
• Melchor, S J, Hatter, J A Et al. T. gondii infection induces IL-1R dependent chronic cachexia and perivascular fibrosis in the liver and skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 9/24/2020 [PMID: 32973293]
• K Vaibhav, M Braun, K Alverson, H Khodadadi, A Kutiyanawa, A Ward, C Banerjee, T Sparks, A Malik, MH Rashid, MB Khan, MF Waters, DC Hess, AS Arbab, JR Vender, N Hoda, B Baban, KM Dhandapani Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury Sci Adv, 2020-05-29;6(22):eaax8847. 5/29/2020 [PMID: 32523980]
• Z Shen, J Wu, Z Gao, J Wang, H Zhu, R Mao, X Wang, J Zhang, Y Xie, J Liu Characterization of IL-21-expressing recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a therapeutic agent targeting persisting HBV infection Theranostics, 2020-04-25;10(12):5600-5612. 2020-04-25 [PMID: 32373234] (ICC, Mouse)
• M Wagner, M Yoshihara, I Douagi, A Damdimopou, S Panula, S Petropoulo, H Lu, K Pettersson, K Palm, S Katayama, O Hovatta, J Kere, F Lanner, P Damdimopou Single-cell analysis of human ovarian cortex identifies distinct cell populations but no oogonial stem cells Nat Commun, 2020-03-02;11(1):1147. 3/2/2020 [PMID: 32123174]
• JP Gleeson, HQ Estrada, M Yamashita, CN Svendsen, SR Targan, RJ Barrett Development of Physiologically Responsive Human iPSC-Derived Intestinal Epithelium to Study Barrier Dysfunction in IBD Int J Mol Sci, 2020-02-20;21(4):. 2/20/2020 [PMID: 32093254]
• HK Dewald, HJ Hurley, P Fitzgerald Regulation of Transcription Factor E2-2 in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Monocyte-Derived TNF&amp;alpha Viruses, 2020-01-31;12(2):. 2020-01-31 [PMID: 32023836] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• Mir RA, Schaut RG, Allen HK, et al. Cattle intestinal microbiota shifts following Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccination and colonization PLoS ONE 12/5/2019 [PMID: 31805148]
• MB Vogt, A Lahon, RP Arya, JL Spencer Cl, R Rico-Hesse Dengue viruses infect human megakaryocytes, with probable clinical consequences PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019-11-25;13(11):e0007837. 11/25/2019 [PMID: 31765380]
• HA Himburg, M Roos, T Fang, Y Zhang, CM Termini, L Schlussel, MM Kim, A Pang, J Kan, L Zhao, H Suh, JP Sasine, G Sapparapu, PM Bowers, G Schiller, JP Chute Chronic myelogenous leukemia stem cells require cell-autonomous pleiotrophin signaling J. Clin. Invest., 2020-01-02;0(0):. 2020-01-02 [PMID: 31613796] (IHC-Fr, Mouse)
• Hellinen L, Pirskanen L, Tengvall-Unadike U et al. Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Line with Fast Differentiation and Improved Barrier Properties Pharmaceutics 8/13/2019 [PMID: 31412689]
• C Wang, B Ming, X Wu, T Wu, S Cai, P Hu, J Tang, Z Tan, C Liu, J Zhong, F Zheng, L Dong Sphingomyelin synthase 1 enhances BCR signaling to promote lupus-like autoimmune response EBioMedicine, 2019-06-28;0(0):. 6/28/2019 [PMID: 31262710]
• B Ziffels, M Stringhini, P Probst, T Fugmann, T Sturm, D Neri Antibody-based delivery of cytokine payloads to carbonic anhydrase IX leads to cancer cures in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice Mol. Cancer Ther., 2019-06-18;0(0):. 6/18/2019 [PMID: 31213507]
• Schaut, RG;Boggiatto, PM;Loving, CL;Sharma, VK; Cellular and Mucosal Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Inactivated Mutant of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sci Rep 4/22/2019 [PMID: 31024031]
• Williams PA, Braine CE, Kizhatil K et al. Inhibition of monocyte-like cell extravasation protects from neurodegeneration in DBA/2J glaucoma. Mol Neurodegener 1/22/2019 [PMID: 30670050]
• J Xie, I Christiaen, B Yang, I Trus, B Devriendt, T Cui, R Wei, HJ Nauwynck Preferential use of Siglec-1 or Siglec-10 by type 1 and type 2 PRRSV strains to infect PK15S1-CD163 and PK15S10-CD163 cells Vet. Res., 2018-07-18;49(1):67. 7/18/2018 [PMID: 30021620]
• A Ilic, S Lu, V Bhatia, F Begum, T Klonisch, P Agarwal, W Xu, JR Davie Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 is associated with shelterin complex at interstitial telomeric sites Epigenetics Chromatin, 2017-11-10;10(1):54. 11/10/2017 [PMID: 29126443]
• Jiexiong Xie, Isaura Christiaens, Bo Yang, Wander Van Van Breedam, Tingting Cui, Hans J. Nauwynck Molecular cloning of porcine Siglec-3, Siglec-5 and Siglec-10, and identification of Siglec-10 as an alternative receptor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Journal of General Virology 8/1/2017 [PMID: 28742001]
• KM Hooper, W Kong, D Ganea Prostaglandin E2 inhibits Tr1 cell differentiation through suppression of c-Maf PLoS ONE, 2017-06-12;12(6):e0179184. 2017-06-12 [PMID: 28604806] (Mouse)
• J Kim, H Okamoto, Z Huang, G Anguiano, S Chen, Q Liu, K Cavino, Y Xin, E Na, R Hamid, J Lee, B Zambrowicz, R Unger, AJ Murphy, Y Xu, GD Yancopoulo, WH Li, J Gromada Amino Acid Transporter Slc38a5 Controls Glucagon Receptor Inhibition-Induced Pancreatic ? Cell Hyperplasia in Mice Cell Metab., 2017-06-06;25(6):1348-1361.e8. 6/6/2017 [PMID: 28591637]
• Williams P, Braine C, Foxworth N et al. GlyCAM1 negatively regulates monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and contributes to radiation-based protection in glaucoma J Neuroinflammation 4/26/2017 [PMID: 28446179]
• T Eri, K Kawahata, T Kanzaki, M Imamura, K Michishita, L Akahira, E Bannai, N Yoshikawa, Y Kimura, T Satoh, S Uematsu, H Tanaka, K Yamamoto Intestinal microbiota link lymphopenia to murine autoimmunity via PD-1(+)CXCR5(-/dim) B-helper T cell induction Sci Rep, 2017-04-26;7(0):46037. 2017-04-26 [PMID: 28443628] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Thomi R, Yerly D, Yawalkar N et al. Interleukin-32 is highly expressed in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa. Br. J. Dermatol. 3/16/2017 [PMID: 28301691]
• Charles Vragniau, Jens-Martin Hübner, Peter Beidler, Sucheol Gil, Kamola Saydaminova, Zhuo-Zhuang Lu et al. Studies on the Interaction of Tumor-Derived HD5 Alpha Defensins with Adenoviruses and Implications for Oncolytic Adenovirus Therapy Journal of Virology 3/15/2017 [PMID: 28077642]
• Shu Meng, Gianfranco Matrone, Jie Lv, Kaifu Chen, Wing Tak Wong, John P. Cooke LIM Domain Only 2 Regulates Endothelial Proliferation, Angiogenesis, and Tissue Regeneration Journal of the American Heart Association 10/30/2016 [PMID: 27792641]
• Suchitra Natarajan, Farhana Begum, Jeonga Gim, Landon Wark, Dana Henderson, James R. Davie et al. High Mobility Group A2 protects cancer cells against telomere dysfunction Oncotarget 3/15/2016 [PMID: 26799419]
• Nata T, Basheer A, Cocchi F, van Besien R, Massoud R, Jacobson S, Azimi N, Tagaya Y Targeting the binding interface on a shared receptor subunit of a cytokine family enables the inhibition of multiple member cytokines with selectable target spectrum. J Biol Chem, 2015-07-16;290(37):22338-51. 2015-07-16 [PMID: 26183780] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Fukuhara T, Wada M, Nakamura S, Ono C, Shiokawa M, Yamamoto S, Motomura T, Okamoto T, Okuzaki D, Yamamoto M, Saito I, Wakita T, Koike K, Matsuura Y Amphipathic alpha-helices in apolipoproteins are crucial to the formation of infectious hepatitis C virus particles. PLoS Pathog, 2014-12-11;10(12):e1004534. 12/11/2014 [PMID: 25502789]
• Karlijn J Doorn, Tim Moors, Benjamin Drukarch, Wilma DJ van de Berg, Paul J Lucassen, Anne-Marie van Dam Microglial phenotypes and toll-like receptor 2 in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of incidental Lewy body disease cases and Parkinson’s disease patients Acta Neuropathologica Communications 12/1/2014 [PMID: 25099483]
• Mai Shiokawa, Takasuke Fukuhara, Chikako Ono, Satomi Yamamoto, Toru Okamoto, Noriyuki Watanabe et al. Novel Permissive Cell Lines for Complete Propagation of Hepatitis C Virus Journal of Virology 5/15/2014 [PMID: 24599999]
• Gakhar , Gunjan, Navarro , Vicente, Jurish , Madelyn, Lee , Guang Yu, Tagawa , Scott T, Akhtar , Naveed H, Seandel , Marco, Geng , Yue, Liu , He, Bander , Neil H, Giannakakou , Paraskev, Christos , Paul J, King , Michael, Nanus , David M Circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients interact with E-selectin under physiologic blood flow. PLoS ONE, 2013-12-27;8(12):e85143. 12/27/2013 [PMID: 24386459]
• Ding Y, Li J, Wu Q et al. IL-17RA Is Essential for Optimal Localization of Follicular Th Cells in the Germinal Center Light Zone To Promote Autoantibody-Producing B Cells. J Immunol 8/15/2013 [PMID: 23858031]
• Xuexian O Yang, Huiyuan Zhang, Byung-Seok Kim, Xiaoyin Niu, Juan Peng, Yuhong Chen et al. The signaling suppressor CIS controls proallergic T cell development and allergic airway inflammation Nature Immunology 7/1/2013 [PMID: 23727894]
• Xuexian O Yang, Huiyuan Zhang, Byung-Seok Kim, Xiaoyin Niu, Juan Peng, Yuhong Chen et al. The signaling suppressor CIS controls proallergic T cell development and allergic airway inflammation Nature Immunology 2013-07-01 [PMID: 23727894] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Takasuke Fukuhara, Hiroto Kambara, Mai Shiokawa, Chikako Ono, Hiroshi Katoh, Eiji Morita et al. Expression of MicroRNA miR-122 Facilitates an Efficient Replication in Nonhepatic Cells upon Infection with Hepatitis C Virus Journal of Virology 8/1/2012 [PMID: 22593164]
• Sorio C, Buffelli M, Angiari C, Ettorre M, Johansson J, Vezzalini M, Viviani L, Ricciardi M, Verze G, Assael BM, Melotti P Defective CFTR expression and function are detectable in blood monocytes: development of a new blood test for cystic fibrosis. PLoS ONE, 2011-07-21;6(7):e22212. 7/21/2011 [PMID: 21811577]
• Kaplan MH, Glosson NL, Stritesky GL, Yeh N, Kinzfogl J, Rohrabaugh SL, Goswami R, Pham D, Levy DE, Brutkiewicz RR, Blum JS, Cooper S, Hangoc G, Broxmeyer HE STAT3-dependent IL-21 production from T helper cells regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell homeostasis. Blood, 2011-04-19;117(23):6198-201. 2011-04-19 [PMID: 21505191] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• McGuire HM, Walters S, Vogelzang A Interleukin-21 is critically required in autoimmune and allogeneic responses to islet tissue in murine models. Diabetes, 2011-03-01;60(3):867-75. 2011-03-01 [PMID: 21357471] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Nobuhiro Aoki, Masahiro Kido, Satoru Iwamoto, Hisayo Nishiura, Ryutaro Maruoka, Junya Tanaka et al. Dysregulated Generation of Follicular Helper T Cells in the Spleen Triggers Fatal Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice Gastroenterology 4/1/2011 [PMID: 21237169]
• Rynda A, Maddaloni M, Ochoa-Reparaz J, Callis G, Pascual DW IL-28 supplants requirement for T(reg) cells in protein sigma1-mediated protection against murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). PLoS ONE, 2010-01-14;5(1):e8720. 2010-01-14 [PMID: 20090936] (ELISA Development, Mouse)
• Reinhardt RL, Liang HE, Locksley RM Cytokine-secreting follicular T cells shape the antibody repertoire. Nat. Immunol., 2009-03-01;10(4):385-93. 2009-03-01 [PMID: 19252490] (ELISpot Development, Mouse)
• Muranski P, Boni A, Antony PA, Cassard L, Irvine KR, Kaiser A, Paulos CM, Palmer DC, Touloukian CE, Ptak K, Gattinoni L, Wrzesinski C, Hinrichs CS, Kerstann KW, Feigenbaum L, Chan CC, Restifo NP Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma. Blood, 2008-03-19;112(2):362-73. 2008-03-19 [PMID: 18354038] (ELISA Development, Mouse)
• Wei L, Laurence A, Elias KM, O'Shea JJ IL-21 is produced by Th17 cells and drives IL-17 production in a STAT3-dependent manner. J. Biol. Chem., 2007-09-20;282(48):34605-10. 2007-09-20 [PMID: 17884812] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Muneta Y, Nagaya H, Minagawa Y, Enomoto C, Matsumoto S, Mori Y Expression and one-step purification of bovine interleukin-21 (IL-21) in silkworms using a hybrid baculovirus expression system. Biotechnol. Lett., 2004-09-01;26(18):1453-8. 2004-09-01 [PMID: 15604780] (Western Blot, Bovine)
• Brady J, Hayakawa Y, Smyth MJ, Nutt SL IL-21 induces the functional maturation of murine NK cells. J. Immunol., 2004-02-15;172(4):2048-58. 2004-02-15 [PMID: 14764669] (ELISA Development, Mouse)
• Di Carlo E, Comes A, Orengo AM, Rosso O, Meazza R, Musiani P, Colombo MP, Ferrini S IL-21 induces tumor rejection by specific CTL and IFN-gamma-dependent CXC chemokines in syngeneic mice. J. Immunol., 2004-02-01;172(3):1540-7. 2004-02-01 [PMID: 14734732] (Western Blot, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL21
• Uniprot:
  • Q9ES17()