VSIG4 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

VSIG4 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human VSIG4
  Arg20-Pro283
  Accession # Q9Y279
• Specificity: Detects human VSIG4 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 15% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse VSIG4 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: VSIG4
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for VSIG4 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• CRIg
• Ig superfamily protein
• Protein Z39Ig
• V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4
• V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 4
• VSIG4
• Z39IG
• Z39IGcomplement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily

Background

VSIG4 (V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4), also known as CRIg and Z39IG, is a 45 kDa, type I transmembrane protein of the B7 family within the Ig superfamily that is expressed only in tissue-resident macrophages (1‑4). The gene is located on the X chromosome (2). The human VSIG4 cDNA encodes 399 amino acids (aa) including a 19 aa signal sequence, a 264 aa extracellular domain (ECD) containing a V-type and a C2-type Ig domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 95 aa cytoplasmic domain (3). The human VSIG4 ECD shares 84% aa identity with canine VSIG4. Within the IgV domain, it shares 90%, 80%, and 78% aa identity with bovine, mouse and rat VSIG4, respectively; these animals lack the C2-type domain. Splice isoforms of 321, 305, 272, 201, and 199 aa lack all or part of the cytoplasmic domain, the C2-type Ig domain and/or the transmembrane domain (5). VSIG4 is specifically expressed on macrophages in the thymic medulla, peritoneum, alveoli, synovia, adipose and heart, liver Kupffer cells, placental Hofbauer cells, and atherosclerotic foam cells (1‑4, 6‑9). It is absent on infiltrating macrophages (8). VSIG4 is a complement receptor that binds C3b and iC3b fragments, internalizes them to recycling endosomes, and is recycled to the cell surface (4, 6). It contributes significantly to innate immunity by binding and phagocytosis of complement-opsonized invading pathogens (4, 8, 10). Binding of either native or recombinant soluble VSIG4 to C3b inhibits complement amplification through the alternative, but not classical, pathway (10, 11). VSIG4 is also a negative regulator of mouse and human T cell activation (2). Although VSIG4 engagement may activate NF kappa B and thus be pro-inflammatory in some cases, many of its activities are important in resolving, rather than initiating, inflammation (1, 2, 7, 10, 11).

1. He, J.Q. et al. (2008) Mol. Immunol. 4041.
2. Vogt, L. et al. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:2817.
3. Langnaese, K. et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492:522.
4. Helmy, K. et al. (2006) Cell 124:915.
5. Entrez protein Accession # EAX05393, NP_001093901, CAI42052, CAI4205, EAX05394.
6. Tanaka, M. et al. (2008) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 154:38.
7. Lee, M-Y. et al. (2006) J. Leukoc. Biol. 80:922.
8. Gorgani, N.N. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:7902.
9. Walker, M.G. (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1574:387.
10. Wiesmann, C. et al. (2006) Nature 444:217.
11. Katschke, K.J. et al. (2007) J. Exp. Med. 204:1319.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for VSIG4 Antibody (AF4646)(3)

Publications using AF4646

• D Brech, AS Herbstritt, S Diederich, T Straub, E Kokolakis, M Irmler, J Beckers, FA Büttner, E Schaeffele, S Winter, M Schwab, PJ Nelson, E Noessner Dendritic Cells or Macrophages? The Microenvironment of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Imprints a Mosaic Myeloid Subtype Associated with Patient Survival Cells, 2022-10-19;11(20):. 2022-10-19 [PMID: 36291154] (IHC, Human)
• Guilliams M, Bonnardel J, Haest B Et al. Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches Cell 1/12/2022 [PMID: 35021063]
  
  Details:
  Citation using the Alexa Fluor 647 version of this antibody.
• Jil Sander, Susanne V. Schmidt, Branko Cirovic, Naomi McGovern, Olympia Papantonopoulou, Anna-Lena Hardt et al. Cellular Differentiation of Human Monocytes Is Regulated by Time-Dependent Interleukin-4 Signaling and the Transcriptional Regulator NCOR2 Immunity 12/19/2017 [PMID: 29262348]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: VSIG4
• Uniprot:
  • Q9Y279()