Tyrosinase Antibody (T311)

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tyrosinase Antibody (T311) [NBP2-25238] - Formalin-paraffin melanoma (20X) stained with Tyrosinase Ab (T311).

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tyrosinase Antibody (T311) [NBP2-25238] - Formalin-paraffin melanoma (10X) stained with Tyrosinase Ab (T311).

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Flow, ICC/IF, IHC
• Clone: T311
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: 0.2 mg/ml

Tyrosinase Antibody (T311) Summary

• Description: 200ug/ml of antibody purified from Bioreactor Concentrate by Protein A or G. Prepared in 10 mM PBS with 0.05% BSA & 0.05% azide. Also available WITHOUT BSA & azide at 1.0 mg/ml. (NBP2-33160)
  
  Antibody with azide - store at 2 to 8C. Antibody without azide - store at -20 to -80 C. Antibody is stable for 24 months. Non-hazardous.
• Immunogen: Recombinant tyrosinase protein (Uniprot: P14679 )
• Localization: Cytoplasmic
• Marker: Melanoma Marker
• Specificity: Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55kDa is also detected. This monoclonal antibody shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this monoclonal antibody shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This monoclonal antibody is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.
• Isotype: IgG2a Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: TYR
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Flow Cytometry 0.5-1 ug/million cells
  • Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence 1-2 ug/ml
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1-2 ug/ml
• Application Notes: Immunohistochemistry (Formalin-fixed): 1-2ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires heating tissue sections in 10mM Tris with 1mM EDTA, pH 9.0, for 45 min at 95C followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.
  Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C.
• Buffer: 10 mM PBS with 0.05% BSA
• Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 0.2 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Alternate Names for Tyrosinase Antibody (T311)

• CMM8
• EC 1.14.18.1
• LB24-AB
• Monophenol monooxygenase
• OCA1A
• OCAIA
• SHEP3
• SK29-AB
• Tumor rejection antigen AB
• tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA)
• tyrosinase

Background

Tyrosinase (Tyr) is a trans-membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the type 3 copper protein family (Yin, 2011). It plays a key role in the melanosynthetic pathway and is required for the synthesis of both types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin (Hu, 2011). Tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme catalyzing the first two steps in the melanin biosynthesis, converting tyrosine to L-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) and subsequently to DOPAquinone (K, 2013). The pigmentation of skin, the browning of vegetables, wound healing and cuticle formation in insects are some of the major responsibilities performed by tyrosinase (Yin, 2011). This melanocyte-specific enzyme is localized to the post-Golgi compartment termed the melanosome (Francis, 2003). Tyrosinase consists of 533 amino acids along with 7 occupied N-glycosylation sites, 17 cysteine residues grouped in 2 cysteine-rich domains, 2 copper binding domains, and 1 C-terminal TMD (Popescu, 2006). It folds in the ER and is transported to the trans-Golgi network where two copper ions are incorporated and performs different catalytic reactions such as the hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols (cresolase activity) and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones (catechol oxidase activity) (Yin, 2011) . From here it continues its journey to the melanosomes where it initiates the melanin synthesis. This protein is related with severe skin diseases such as type 1 albinism and melanoma and an important target for anti-melanoma vaccine therapies (Popescu, 2006 and Han, 2007). Anti-tyrosinase antibodies may be applied for immunotherapy in patients with malignant melanoma (Merimsky, 1998).>Tyrosinase has been shown to be a very specific marker for melanomas, not cross reacting with any other tumors or normal tissues tested.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TYR
• Uniprot:
  • NP_000363(Human)
  • P14679(Human)