TGF-alpha Antibody [Unconjugated]

Recombinant Human TGF‑ alpha (Catalog # 239-A) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human TGF‑ alpha (3 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human TGF‑ alpha Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.15‑0.75 μg/mL.

TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Lower panel shows a lack of labeling if primary antibodies are omitted and tissue is stained only with secondary antibody followed by incubation with detection reagents. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Dynamic expression and processing of Tgf-alpha and Hb-egf during multistep pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis (PNET). (A) Relative expression of Egf family members in cDNAs prepared from total RNA extracts of successive stages of neoplastic progression (NI = normal islets; HI = hyperplastic islets; AI = angiogenic islets; IT = islet tumors). Levels of mRNAs are expressed as a percentage of the mGus control mRNA. (B) Western blot analysis of the various forms of Tgf-alpha polypeptides in total protein extracts from successive stages of disease progression. (C) Analogous Western blot analysis of the various forms of Hb-egf polypeptides in total protein extracts from the successive disease stages. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975924), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N, ELISA(Cap)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

TGF-alpha Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human TGF-alpha
  Val40-Ala89
  Accession # P01135
• Specificity: Detects human TGF-alpha in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 0.05% cross‑reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TGF‑ beta 1, rhAmphiregulin, rhBetacellulin, rhEGF, rhHRG-alpha , and rhSMDF is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: TGFA
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.2-0.8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.15-0.75 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Human TGF-alpha Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA)
  ELISA Detection: Human TGF-alpha Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF239)
  Standard: Recombinant Human TGF-alpha (Catalog # 239-A)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TGF-alpha Antibody [Unconjugated]

• protransforming growth factor alpha
• TFGA
• TGFA
• TGFalpha
• TGF-alpha
• transforming growth factor, alpha
• transforming growth factor-alpha

Background

TGF-alpha was originally isolated from the conditioned media of oncogenically transformed cells as an EGF-like bioactivity. TGF-alpha is a member of the EGF family of cytokines that are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are characterized by the presence of one or several EGF structural units in their extracellular domain. The soluble forms of these cytokines are released from the transmembrane protein by proteolytic cleavage. Membrane-bound proTGF-alpha is biologically active and seems to play a role in mediation of cell-cell adhesion and in juxtacrine stimulation of adjacent cells. Expression of TGF-alpha is widespread in tumors and transformed cells. TGF-alpha is also expressed in normal tissues during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, including pituitary, brain, keratinocytes and macrophages. Mature TGF-alpha  shows approximately 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse or rat TGF-alpha and is not species specific in its biological effects.

TGF-alpha binds to the EGF receptor and activates the receptor tyrosine kinase. Accordingly, TGF-alpha shows a similar potency to EGF as a mitogen for fibroblasts and as an inducer of epithelial development in vivo. TGF-alpha is reportedly more potent than EGF as an angiogenic factor in vivo and as a stimulator for keratinocyte migration. The EGF receptor gene represents the cellular homologue of the avian v-erb-B oncogene.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for TGF-alpha Antibody (AF-239-NA)(17)

Publications using AF-239-NA

• Bauer, L;Edwards, J;Heil, A;Dewitt, S;Biebermann, H;Aeschlimann, D;Knäuper, V; Mesenchymal Transglutaminase 2 Activates Epithelial ADAM17: Link to G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 56 (ADGRG1) Signalling International journal of molecular sciences 2024-02-16 [PMID: 38397010] (Neutralization, Human)
• LMD Canto, SS Cury, MC Barros-Fil, BEC Kupper, MDFS Begnami, C Scapulatem, RF Carvalho, FA Marchi, DA Olsen, JS Madsen, BM Havelund, S Aguiar, SR Rogatto Locally advanced rectal cancer transcriptomic-based secretome analysis reveals novel biomarkers useful to identify patients according to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response Sci Rep, 2019-06-18;9(1):8702. 2019-06-18 [PMID: 31213644] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• Harada M, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Kohsaka H, Nakatsuji Y, Nishida M, Atsumi T, Meng J, Bando H, Singh R, Sabharwal L, Jiang J, Kumai N, Miyasaka N, Sakoda S, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Ogura H, Hirano T, Murakami M Temporal expression of growth factors triggered by epiregulin regulates inflammation development. J Immunol, 2015-01-02;194(3):1039-46. 2015-01-02 [PMID: 25556244] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Elias G. Elias, Joanne H. Hasskamp, Bhuvnesh K. Sharma Cytokines and Growth Factors Expressed by Human Cutaneous Melanoma Cancers (Basel) 5/7/2010 [PMID: 24281094]
• Olivier Nolan-Stevaux, Morgan C. Truitt, Jessica C. Pahler, Peter Olson, Cristina Guinto, David C. Lee et al. Differential Contribution to Neuroendocrine Tumorigenesis of Parallel Egfr Signaling in Cancer Cells and Pericytes Genes & Cancer 10/27/2010 [PMID: 20975924]
• Stoll SW, Johnson JL, Li Y, Rittie L, Elder JT Amphiregulin carboxy-terminal domain is required for autocrine keratinocyte growth. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010-04-29;130(8):2031-40. 2010-04-29 [PMID: 20428186] (Neutralization, Human)
• Andric N, Ascoli M The luteinizing hormone receptor-activated extracellularly regulated kinase-1/2 cascade stimulates epiregulin release from granulosa cells. Endocrinology, 2008-07-24;149(11):5549-56. 2008-07-24 [PMID: 18653716] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Imhof I, Gasper WJ, Derynck R Association of tetraspanin CD9 with transmembrane TGFalpha confers alterations in cell-surface presentation of TGFalpha and cytoskeletal organization. J. Cell. Sci., 2008-06-10;121(0):2265-74. 2008-06-10 [PMID: 18544636] (Immunoprecipitation, Human)
• Gonzalez RM, Seurynck-Servoss SL, Crowley SA Development and validation of sandwich ELISA microarrays with minimal assay interference. J. Proteome Res., 2008-04-19;7(6):2406-14. 2008-04-19 [PMID: 18422355] (ELISA Microarray Development, Human)
• Rumelhard M, Ramgolam K, Hamel R, Marano F, Baeza-Squiban A Expression and role of EGFR ligands induced in airway cells by PM2.5 and its components. Eur. Respir. J., 2007-09-05;30(6):1064-73. 2007-09-05 [PMID: 17804444] (Neutralization, Human)
• Liu M, Yang SC, Sharma S, Luo J, Cui X, Peebles KA, Huang M, Sato M, Ramirez RD, Shay JW, Minna JD, Dubinett SM EGFR signaling is required for TGF-beta 1 mediated COX-2 induction in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2007-06-28;37(5):578-88. 2007-06-28 [PMID: 17600311] (Neutralization, Human)
• Wolff GS, Chiang PJ, Smith SM, Romero R, Armant DR Epidermal growth factor-like growth factors prevent apoptosis of alcohol-exposed human placental cytotrophoblast cells. Biol. Reprod., 2007-03-28;77(1):53-60. 2007-03-28 [PMID: 17392498] (ICC, Human)
• Li Y, Fan J, Chen M, Li W, Woodley DT Transforming growth factor-alpha: a major human serum factor that promotes human keratinocyte migration. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2006-05-11;126(9):2096-105. 2006-05-11 [PMID: 16691197] (Immunodepletion, Neutralization, Human)
• Janes KA, Gaudet S, Albeck JG, Nielsen UB, Lauffenburger DA, Sorger PK The response of human epithelial cells to TNF involves an inducible autocrine cascade. Cell, 2006-03-24;124(6):1225-39. 2006-03-24 [PMID: 16564013] (Neutralization, Human)
• Scholl FA, Dumesic PA Mek1 alters epidermal growth and differentiation. Cancer Res., 2004-09-01;64(17):6035-40. 2004-09-01 [PMID: 15342384] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Kansra S, Johnson JL Autocrine extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in normal human keratinocytes: metalloproteinase-mediated release of amphiregulin triggers signaling from ErbB1 to ERK. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2004-07-14;15(9):4299-309. 2004-07-14 [PMID: 15254267] (Neutralization, Human)
• Leach RE, Kilburn B, Wang J, Liu Z, Romero R, Armant DR Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor regulates human extravillous cytotrophoblast development during conversion to the invasive phenotype. Dev. Biol., 2004-02-15;266(2):223-37. 2004-02-15 [PMID: 14738873] (ICC, Neutralization, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFA
• Uniprot:
  • P01135()