Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.
• Source: Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human TGF-beta 1 protein
  Ala279-Ser390
• Accession #: P01137
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala279
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: TGFB1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Theoretical MW: 12.8 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 11 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. *1 mg pack size (01M) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF

• CEDLAP
• DPD1
• latency-associated peptide
• TGF beta1
• TGFB
• TGFB1
• TGF-beta 1 protein
• TGFbeta 1
• TGF-beta 1
• TGFbeta
• TGF-beta-1
• transforming growth factor beta-1
• transforming growth factor, beta 1

Background

TGF‑ beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF‑ beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF‑ beta 1, ‑2 and ‑3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF‑ beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF‑ beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta  RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta  RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta  RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).

1. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press p. 29.
2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
8. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Publications for TGF-beta 1 (7754-BH/CF)(5)

Publications using 7754-BH/CF

• S Zhou, SD da Silva, PM Siegel, A Philip CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):16317. 2019 [PMID: 31695056] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Arenas Cor, R Ayala Diaz, P Hernández-, J Gorrochate, D Primo, A Robles, ML Morales, J Ballestero, I Rapado, M Gallardo, M Linares, J Martínez-L Ruxolitinib in combination with prednisone and nilotinib exhibit synergistic effects in human cells lines and primary cells from myeloproliferative neoplasms Haematologica, 2018;0(0):. 2018 [PMID: 30545926] (Bioassay, Human)
• F Chen, F Shao, A Hinds, S Yao, S Ram-Mohan, TA Norman, R Krishnan, A Fine Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis JCI Insight, 2018;3(16):. 2018 [PMID: 30135301] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Huang, S Liu, M Jean, S Simpson, H Huang, M Merkley, T Hayashi, W Kong, I Rodríguez-, X Zhang, HO Yosief, H Miao, J Que, JJ Kobie, J Bradner, NG Santoso, W Zhang, J Zhu A Novel Bromodomain Inhibitor Reverses HIV-1 Latency through Specific Binding with BRD4 to Promote Tat and P-TEFb Association Front Microbiol, 2017;8(0):1035. 2017 [PMID: 28638377] (Bioassay, Human)
• JL Meitzler, HR Makhlouf, S Antony, Y Wu, D Butcher, G Jiang, A Juhasz, J Lu, I Dahan, P Jansen-Dür, H Pircher, AM Shah, K Roy, JH Doroshow Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors Redox Biol, 2017;13(0):182-195. 2017 [PMID: 28578276] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB1
• Uniprot:
  • P01137(Human)