Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF

Recombinant human TGF-beta 1 (7754-BH/CF) inhibits recombinant mouse IL-4 induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.04-0.2 ng/mL.
• Source: Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human TGF-beta 1 protein
  Ala279-Ser390
• Accession #: P01137
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala279
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: TGFB1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 12.8 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 11 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Human Cell-expressed), CF

• CEDLAP
• DPD1
• latency-associated peptide
• TGF beta
• TGF beta1
• TGFB
• TGFB1
• TGF-beta 1 protein
• TGFbeta 1
• TGF-beta 1
• TGFbeta
• TGF-beta-1
• transforming growth factor beta-1
• transforming growth factor, beta 1

Background

TGF‑ beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF‑ beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF‑ beta 1, ‑2 and ‑3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF‑ beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF‑ beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta  RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta  RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta  RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).

1. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press p. 29.
2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
8. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Publications for TGF-beta 1 (7754-BH/CF)(47)

Publications using 7754-BH/CF

• M Migda?, T Arakawa, S Takizawa, M Furuno, H Suzuki, E Arner, CL Winata, B Kaczkowski xcore: an R package for inference of gene expression regulators BMC Bioinformatics, 2023;24(1):14. 2023 [PMID: 36631751] (Bioassay, Human)
• Migdal M, Arakawa T, Takizawa S, Furuno M, Suzuki H, Arner E, Winata C, Kaczkowski B xcore: an R package for inference of gene expression regulators. BMC Bioinformatics, 0;24(1):14. 0 [PMID: 36631751] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Feng, X Han, Y Yuan, CK Cho, E Jane?ková, T Guo, S Pareek, MS Rahman, B Zheng, J Bi, J Jing, M Zhang, J Xu, TV Ho, Y Chai TGF-beta signaling and Creb5 cooperatively regulate Fgf18 to control pharyngeal muscle development Elife, 2022;11(0):. 2022 [PMID: 36542062] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• DQ Chen, L Chen, Y Guo, XQ Wu, TT Zhao, HL Zhao, HJ Zhang, MH Yan, GQ Zhang, P Li Poricoic acid A suppresses renal fibroblast activation and interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats via upregulating Sirt3 and promoting beta-catenin K49 deacetylation Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2022;0(0):. 2022 [PMID: 36470978] (Bioassay, Human)
• D Cai, SY Chen Nanoparticle endothelial delivery of PGC-1alpha attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by attenuating EndoMT-caused vascular wall remodeling Redox Biology, 2022;58(0):102524. 2022 [PMID: 36334380] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Gao, Y Liu, D Zheng, C Ho, D Wen, J Sun, L Huang, Y Liu, Q Li, Y Zhang HDAC5-mediated Smad7 silencing through MEF2A is critical for fibroblast activation and hypertrophic scar formation International journal of biological sciences, 2022;18(15):5724-5739. 2022 [PMID: 36263180] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bhuyan S, Pal B, Pathak L, Saikia P, Mitra S, Gayan S, Mokhtari R, Li H, Ramana C, Baishya D, Das B Targeting hypoxia-induced tumor stemness by activating pathogen-induced stem cell niche defense. Front Immunol, 0;13(0):933329. 0 [PMID: 36248858] (Bioassay, Complex Species Category)
• B Jaeger, JC Schupp, L Plappert, O Terwolbeck, N Artysh, G Kayser, P Engelhard, TS Adams, R Zweigerdt, H Kempf, S Lienenklau, W Garrels, I Nazarenko, D Jonigk, M Wygrecka, D Klatt, A Schambach, N Kaminski, A Prasse Airway basal cells show a dedifferentiated KRT17highPhenotype and promote fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Nature Communications, 2022;13(1):5637. 2022 [PMID: 36163190] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kartasheva-Ebertz D, Gaston J, Lair-Mehiri L, Mottez E, Buivan T, Massault P, Scatton O, Gaujoux S, Vaillant J, Pol S, Lagaye S IL-17A in Human Liver: Significant Source of Inflammation and Trigger of Liver Fibrosis Initiation. Int J Mol Sci, 0;23(17):. 0 [PMID: 36077175] (Bioassay, Human)
• A El-Gazzar, H Kang, N Fratzl-Zel, E Webb, AM Barnes, M Jovanovic, SG Mehta, V Datta, V Saraff, RK Dale, F Rauch, JC Marini, W Högler SMAD3 mutation in LDS3 causes bone fragility by impairing the TGF-beta pathway and enhancing osteoclastogenesis Bone Reports, 2022;17(0):101603. 2022 [PMID: 35874167] (Bioassay, Human)
• RB Werder, T Liu, KM Abo, J Lindstrom-, C Villacorta, J Huang, A Hinds, N Boyer, E Bullitt, M Liesa, EK Silverman, DN Kotton, MH Cho, X Zhou, AA Wilson CRISPR interference interrogation of COPD GWAS genes reveals the functional significance of desmoplakin in iPSC-derived alveolar epithelial cells Oncogene, 2022;8(28):eabo6566. 2022 [PMID: 35857525] (Bioassay, Human)
• Z Cai, S Tian, T Klein, L Tu, LW Geenen, T Koudstaal, AE van den Bo, YB de Rijke, IKM Reiss, E Boersma, C van der Le, M Van Faasse, I Kema, DJ Duncker, KA Boomars, K Tran-Lundm, C Guignabert, D Merkus Kynurenine metabolites predict survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: A role for IL-6/IL-6Ralpha Scientific Reports, 2022;12(1):12326. 2022 [PMID: 35853948] (Bioassay, Human)
• MD Gundersen, KB Larsen, KM Johnsen, R Goll, J Florholmen, G Haraldsen Hypo-osmotic stress induces the epithelial alarmin IL-33 in the colonic barrier of ulcerative colitis Scientific Reports, 2022;12(1):11550. 2022 [PMID: 35798804] (Bioassay, Human)
• Dai Y, Wang H, Sun R, Diao J, Ma Y, Shao M, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Gao Z, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Sun X Modified Shenlingbaizhu Decoction represses the pluripotency of colorectal cancer stem cells by inhibiting TGF-beta mediated EMT program. Phytomedicine, 0;103(0):154234. 0 [PMID: 35689903] (Bioassay, Human)
• Montefusco D, Jamil M, Maczis M, Schroeder W, Levi M, Ranjit S, Allegood J, Bandyopadhyay D, Retnam R, Spiegel S, Cowart L Sphingosine kinase 1 mediates sexual dimorphism in fibrosis in a mouse model of NASH. Mol Metab, 0;62(0):101523. 0 [PMID: 35671973] (Bioassay, Human)
• JC Bachmann, SJ Baumgart, AK Uryga, MH Bosteen, G Borghetti, M Nyberg, KM Herum Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD Cells, 2022;11(10):. 2022 [PMID: 35626694] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Liu, T Sun, H Li, S Qiu, Y Li, D Zhang Proximal tubular RAGE mediated the renal fibrosis in UUO model mice via upregulation of autophagy Cell Death & Disease, 2022;13(4):399. 2022 [PMID: 35461309] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• SP Chapoval, M Lee, A Lemmer, O Ajayi, X Qi, AF Neuwald, AD Keegan Identifying Function Determining Residues in Neuroimmune Semaphorin 4A International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022;23(6):. 2022 [PMID: 35328445] (Bioassay, Human)
• VT Luu, S Phan, ZQ Jin Dedifferentiation of Human Cardiac Myofibroblasts Is Independent of Activation of COX-2/PGE2 Pathway International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022;23(6):. 2022 [PMID: 35328443] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Feng, EK Peden, Q Guo, TH Lee, Q Li, Y Yuan, C Chen, F Huang, J Cheng Down-regulation of the endothelial histone demethylase JMJD3 is associated with neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous fistulas in kidney failure The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022;0(0):101816. 2022 [PMID: 35278430] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Guo, C Sunil, O Adeyanju, A Parker, S Huang, M Ikebe, TA Tucker, S Idell, G Qian PD-L1 mediates lung fibroblast to myofibroblast transition through Smad3 and beta-catenin signaling pathways Scientific Reports, 2022;12(1):3053. 2022 [PMID: 35197539] (Bioassay, Human)
• L Sun, Y Wang, X Wang, A Navarro-Co, S Ilyas, N Jalan-Sakr, C Gan, X Tu, Y Shi, K Tu, Q Liu, Z Lou, H Dong, AH Sharpe, VH Shah, N Kang PD-L1 promotes myofibroblastic activation of hepatic stellate cells by distinct mechanisms selective for TGF-beta receptor I versus II Cell Reports, 2022;38(6):110349. 2022 [PMID: 35139382] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilks B, Evans E, Howes A, Hopkins C, Nakhla M, Williams G, Morgan J Quantifying Cell-Derived Changes in Collagen Synthesis, Alignment, and Mechanics in a 3D Connective Tissue Model. Adv Sci (Weinh), 0;9(10):e2103939. 0 [PMID: 35102708] (Bioassay, Human)
• Liu Y, Guo W, Guo Y, Chen X, Liu W Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes improve renal fibrosis via regulating Smurf 2/Smad 7. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 0;27(1):17. 0 [PMID: 35090322] (Bioassay, Human)
• Farrell E, Aliabouzar M, Quesada C, Baker B, Franceschi R, Putnam A, Fabiilli M Spatiotemporal control of myofibroblast activation in acoustically-responsive scaffolds via ultrasound-induced matrix stiffening. Acta Biomater, 0;138(0):133-143. 0 [PMID: 34808418] (Bioassay, Human)
• T Suezawa, S Kanagaki, K Moriguchi, A Masui, K Nakao, M Toyomoto, K Tamai, R Mikawa, T Hirai, K Murakami, M Hagiwara, S Gotoh Disease modeling of pulmonary fibrosis using human pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids Stem Cell Reports, 2021;0(0):. 2021 [PMID: 34798066] (Bioassay, Human)
• Jin J, Han J, Ha J, Baek H, Lim D Lobeglitazone, A Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonist, Inhibits Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Suppressing p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul), 0;36(5):1095-1110. 0 [PMID: 34645125] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kienzl M, Hasenoehrl C, Maitz K, Sarsembayeva A, Taschler U, Valadez-Cosmes P, Kindler O, Ristic D, Raftopoulou S, Santiso A, Barnthaler T, Brcic L, Hahnefeld L, Gurke R, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Kargl J, Schicho R Monoacylglycerol lipase deficiency in the tumor microenvironment slows tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology, 0;10(1):1965319. 0 [PMID: 34527428] (Bioassay, Human)
• Ghilardi S, Aronson M, Sgro A Ventral stress fibers induce plasma membrane deformation in human fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell, 0;32(18):1707-1723. 0 [PMID: 34191528] (Bioassay, Human)
• Marwick J, Elliott R, Longden J, Makda A, Hirani N, Dhaliwal K, Dawson J, Carragher N Application of a High-Content Screening Assay Utilizing Primary Human Lung Fibroblasts to Identify Antifibrotic Drugs for Rapid Repurposing in COVID-19 Patients. SLAS Discov, 0;26(9):1091-1106. 0 [PMID: 34078171] (Bioassay, Human)
• Bsat M, Mehta H, Rubio M, Sarfati M The Conversion of Human Tissue-Like Inflammatory Monocytes Into Macrophages. Curr Protoc, 0;1(3):e74. 0 [PMID: 33705607] (Bioassay, Human)
• C Shen, J Liu, L Wang, Z Liang, H Niu, Y Wang Identification of metabolism-associated genes and construction of a prognostic signature in bladder cancer Cancer Cell International, 2020;20(1):538. 2020 [PMID: 33292266] (Bioassay, Human)
• R da Silva A, LG Quiambao, F Soldevila, A Sutherland, B Peters, A Sette Lack of evidence supporting a role of IFN-&amp;beta and TGF-&amp;beta in differential polarization of Bordetella pertussis specific-T cell responses Cytokine, 2020;137(0):155313. 2020 [PMID: 33002739] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wu P, Geng B, Chen Q, Zhao E, Liu J, Sun C, Zha C, Shao Y, You B, Zhang W, Li L, Meng X, Cai J, Li X Tumor Cell-Derived TGFbeta1 Attenuates Antitumor Immune Activity of T Cells via Regulation of PD-1 mRNA. Cancer Immunol Res, 0;8(12):1470-1484. 0 [PMID: 32999004] (Bioassay, Human)
• TJ Aikin, AF Peterson, MJ Pokrass, HR Clark, S Regot MAPK activity dynamics regulate non-cell autonomous effects of oncogene expression Elife, 2020;9(0):. 2020 [PMID: 32940599] (Bioassay, Human)
• W Kong, A Biswas, D Zhou, G Fiches, K Fujinaga, N Santoso, J Zhu Nucleolar protein NOP2/NSUN1 suppresses HIV-1 transcription and promotes viral latency by competing with Tat for TAR binding and methylation PLoS Pathog., 2020;16(3):e1008430. 2020 [PMID: 32176734] (Cell Culture, Human)
• S Zhou, SD da Silva, PM Siegel, A Philip CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):16317. 2019 [PMID: 31695056] (Bioassay, Human)
• Islam S, Chuensirikulchai K, Khummuang S, Keratibumrungpong T, Kongtawelert P, Kasinrerk W, Hatano S, Nagamachi A, Honda H, Watanabe H Accumulation of versican facilitates wound healing: Implication of its initial ADAMTS-cleavage site. Matrix Biol, 0;87(0):77-93. 0 [PMID: 31669737] (Bioassay, Transgenic Mouse)
• Li Z, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Sun W, Yung M, Sun J, Li J, Chen C, Li Z, Meng Y, Chai J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Cheung A, Ngan H, Chan D, Zheng W, Zhu W ERK Regulates HIF1alpha-Mediated Platinum Resistance by Directly Targeting PHD2 in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 0;25(19):5947-5960. 0 [PMID: 31285371] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Arenas Cor, R Ayala Diaz, P Hernández-, J Gorrochate, D Primo, A Robles, ML Morales, J Ballestero, I Rapado, M Gallardo, M Linares, J Martínez-L Ruxolitinib in combination with prednisone and nilotinib exhibit synergistic effects in human cells lines and primary cells from myeloproliferative neoplasms Haematologica, 2018;0(0):. 2018 [PMID: 30545926] (Bioassay, Human)
• F Chen, F Shao, A Hinds, S Yao, S Ram-Mohan, TA Norman, R Krishnan, A Fine Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis JCI Insight, 2018;3(16):. 2018 [PMID: 30135301] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Kumar, MS Prasad, P Bhat-Naksh, M Anjanappa, M Kalra, N Marino, AMV Storniolo, X Rao, S Liu, J Wan, Y Liu, H Nakshatri Normal breast-derived epithelial cells with luminal and intrinsic subtype-enriched gene expression document inter-individual differences in their differentiation cascade Cancer Res., 2018;0(0):. 2018 [PMID: 29997232] (Bioassay, Human)
• D Berner, M Zenkel, F Pasutto, U Hoja, P Liravi, GC Gusek-Schn, FE Kruse, J Schödel, A Reis, U Schlötzer- Posttranscriptional Regulation of LOXL1 Expression Via Alternative Splicing and Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay as an Adaptive Stress Response Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2017;58(13):5930-5940. 2017 [PMID: 29164236] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Huang, S Liu, M Jean, S Simpson, H Huang, M Merkley, T Hayashi, W Kong, I Rodríguez-, X Zhang, HO Yosief, H Miao, J Que, JJ Kobie, J Bradner, NG Santoso, W Zhang, J Zhu A Novel Bromodomain Inhibitor Reverses HIV-1 Latency through Specific Binding with BRD4 to Promote Tat and P-TEFb Association Front Microbiol, 2017;8(0):1035. 2017 [PMID: 28638377] (Bioassay, Human)
• JL Meitzler, HR Makhlouf, S Antony, Y Wu, D Butcher, G Jiang, A Juhasz, J Lu, I Dahan, P Jansen-Dür, H Pircher, AM Shah, K Roy, JH Doroshow Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors Redox Biol, 2017;13(0):182-195. 2017 [PMID: 28578276] (Bioassay, Human)
• Zhang H, You Y, Zhu Z The human RNA surveillance factor Up-frameshift 1 inhibits hepatic cancer progression by targeting MRP2/ABCC2. Biomed Pharmacother, 0;92(0):365-372. 0 [PMID: 28554132] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kim K, Lee J, Zhou Y, Harpavat S, Moore D Glucocorticoids Have Opposing Effects on Liver Fibrosis in Hepatic Stellate and Immune Cells. Mol Endocrinol, 0;30(8):905-16. 0 [PMID: 27355192] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB1
• Uniprot:
  • P01137(Human)