Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 Protein, CF

Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 stimulated proliferation in NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.4-2 μg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho beta (Catalog # 2619-KB)

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH‑3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.4-2 μg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho beta (Catalog # 2619-KB).
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse FGF-21 protein
  Tyr30-Ser210
• Accession #: Q9JJN1
• N-terminal Sequence: Tyr30 & Tyr49
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Fgf21
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 20 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 22-25 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MOPS, Na₂SO₄ and EDTA.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 Protein, CF

• FGF21
• FGF-21
• fibroblast growth factor 21

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family. Based on its structure, FGF-21 is further classified into a subfamily of FGFs along with FGF-19 and -23 (1). Mouse FGF-21 is a 210 amino acid (aa) polypeptide that contains a 120 aa core FGF domain and a hydrophobic N-terminus signal sequence. The signal sequence is cleaved to release the soluble 180 aa mature FGF-21 protein (2). At the amino acid sequence level, mature mouse FGF-21 is 81% and 92% identical to mature human and rat FGF-21, respectively. In comparison to other FGF subfamilies, a heparin-binding domain is uniquely absent in FGF-19 subfamily members. Lack of this domain confers endocrine function to FGF-19 members and enables them to freely diffuse within tissues and accumulate in the circulatory system (3, 4). The biological activity of FGF-21 requires binding to Klotho  beta , a co-receptor that is in complex with cell surface FGF receptors (FGF R) (5, 6). Binding of FGF-21 to Klotho  beta facilitates FGF R activation and autophosphorylation resulting in the initiation of multiple downstream signaling cascades (7, 8). FGF-21 cannot independently bind to FGF Rs, thus its effects are restricted to target tissues that express Klotho  beta . FGF-21 functions as a physiological regulator of cellular metabolism, including glucose uptake in adipocytes and cellular sensitivity to insulin. FGF-21 is basally expressed in the pancreas, thymus, and liver, as well as in adipose tissue (3, 9). Local and systemic metabolic stress has been shown to induce expression of FGF-21 in the liver, muscles, and fat (10-12). Modulation of FGF-21 expression is associated with a number of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes (7, 13). FGF-21 is also involved in promoting cell survival and proliferation, modulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, regulating circadian rhythm, and controlling reproductive capacity during nutrient deprivation (14-18).

1. Itoh, N. and D.M. Ornitz (2004) Trends Genet. 20:563.
2. Nishimura, T. et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492:203.
3. Adams, A.C. et al. (2013) Mol. Metab. 2:205.
4. Goetz, R. et al. (2007) Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:3417.
5. Suzuki, M. et al. (2008) Mol. Endocrinol. 22:1006.
6. Kurosu, H. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:26687.
7. Gimeno, R.E. and D.E. Moller (2014) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 25:303.
8. Ogawa, Y. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 104:7432.
9. Kharitonenkov, A. et al. (2005) J. Clin. Invest. 115:1627.
10. Luo, Y. and W.L. McKeehan (2013) Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 4:194.
11. Yang, C. et al. (2013) BMC Gastroenterol. 13:67.
12. Keipert, S. et al. (2014) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 306:E469.
13. Zhang, X. et al. (2008) Diabetes 57:1246.
14. Wei, W. et al. (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109:3143.
15. Wei, W. et al. (2010) Cell. Metab. 11:503.
16. Wan, Y. (2013) Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 45:546.
17. Bookout, A.L. et al. (2013) Nat. Med. 19:1147.
18. Owen, B.M. et al. (2013) Nat. Med. 19:1153.

Publications for FGF-21 (8409-FG/CF)(6)

Publications using 8409-FG/CF

• C Yanucil, D Kentrup, X Li, A Grabner, K Schramm, EC Martinez, J Li, I Campos, B Czaya, K Heitman, D Westbrook, AR Wende, A Sloan, JM Roche, A Fornoni, MS Kapiloff, C Faul FGF21-FGFR4 signaling in cardiac myocytes promotes concentric cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models of diabetes Scientific Reports, 2022-05-05;12(1):7326. 2022-05-05 [PMID: 35513431] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• CB Higgins, AL Mayer, Y Zhang, M Franczyk, S Ballentine, J Yoshino, BJ DeBosch SIRT1 selectively exerts the metabolic protective effects of hepatocyte nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Nature Communications, 2022-02-28;13(1):1074. 2022-02-28 [PMID: 35228549] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• T Kroon, M Harms, S Maurer, L Bonnet, I Alexanders, A Lindblom, A Ahnmark, D Nilsson, P Gennemark, G O'Mahony, V Osinski, C McNamara, J Boucher PPAR&amp;gamma and PPAR&amp;alpha synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in�vivo Mol Metab, 2020-02-18;36(0):100964. 2020-02-18 [PMID: 32248079] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Kuroda, R Muramatsu, N Maedera, Y Koyama, M Hamaguchi, H Fujimura, M Yoshida, M Konishi, N Itoh, H Mochizuki, T Yamashita Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system J. Clin. Invest., 2017-08-21;0(0):. 2017-08-21 [PMID: 28825598] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Chronic Over-expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Increases Bile Acid Biosynthesis by Opposing FGF15/19 Action EBioMedicine, 2016-12-24;0(0):. 2016-12-24 [PMID: 28041926] (ELISA (Standard), Mouse)
• DR Dunshee, TW Bainbridge, NM Kljavin, J Zavala-Sol, AC Schroeder, R Chan, R Corpuz, M Wong, W Zhou, G Deshmukh, J Ly, DP Sutherlin, JA Ernst, J Sonoda Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 J. Biol. Chem, 2016-01-21;291(11):5986-96. 2016-01-21 [PMID: 26797127]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Fgf21
• Uniprot:
  • Q9JJN1()