Reactivity | HuSpecies Glossary |
Applications | Binding Activity |
Format | Carrier-Free |
Details of Functionality | Measured by its ability to bind Iron(III) dihydroxybenzoic acid [Fe(DHBA)3]. The binding of Fe(DHBA)3 results in the quenching of Trp fluorescence in Lipocalin-2. rhLipocalin-2 can bind >1.5 µM of Fe(DHBA)3 under the described conditions. |
Source | Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human Lipocalin-2/NGAL protein Gln21-Gly198, with a C-terminal 10-His tag |
Accession # | |
N-terminal Sequence | No results obtained: Gln21 predicted |
Protein/Peptide Type | Recombinant Enzymes |
Gene | LCN2 |
Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain. |
Endotoxin Note | <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method. |
Dilutions |
|
|
Theoretical MW | 22 kDa. Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. |
|
SDS-PAGE | 25-27 kDa doublet, reducing conditions |
|
Publications |
|
Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Buffer | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MES and NaCl. |
Purity | >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain. |
Assay Procedure |
|
Members of Lipocalin family share a highly conserved fold with an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel, and act as a transporters, carrying small molecules to specific cells (1). Lipocalin-2, also known as Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified as a component of neutrophil granules (2). It is a 25 kDa protein existing in monomeric and homo- and heterodimeric forms, the latter as a dimer with human neutrophil gelatinases (MMP-9) (2). Its expression has been observed in most tissues normally exposed to microorganism, and its synthesis is induced in epithelial cells during inflammation (3). Lipocalin-2 has been implicated in a variety of processes including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis (3‑5). Studies indicate that Lipocalin-2 binds a bacterial catecholate sidropore bound to ferric ion such as enterobactin with a subnanomolar dissociation constant (Kd = 0.41 nM) (6). The bound ferric enterobactin complex breaks down slowly in a month into dihydroxybenzoyl serine and dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). It also binds to a ferric DHBA complex with much less Kd values (7.9 nM) (6). Secretion of Lipocalin‑2 in immune cells increases by stimulation of Toll-like receptor as an acute phase response to infection. As a result, it acts as a potent bacteriostatic reagent by sequestering iron (7). Moreover, Lipocalin-2 can alter the invasive and metastatic behavior of Ras-transformed breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition inducing activity of Ras, through restoration of E-cadherin expression, via effects on the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway (8).
The concentration calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume, mass or concentration of your vial. Simply enter your mass, volume, or concentration values for your reagent and the calculator will determine the rest.