Recombinant Human Galectin-9 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human Galectin-9 supports the adhesion of Jurkathuman acute T cell leukemia cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.75-4.5 μg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human Galectin-9 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.75-4.5 μg/mL.
• Source: Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived human Galectin-9 protein
  Met1-Thr323
• Accession #: NP_002299
• N-terminal Sequence: Met1 & Phe3
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: LGALS9
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 36 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 42-51 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MOPS, NaCl, EDTA, DTT and Trehalose.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 200 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human Galectin-9 Protein, CF

• Ecalectin
• GAL9
• gal-9
• galectin 9
• Galectin9
• Galectin-9
• HUAT
• lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
• LGALS9
• LGALS9A
• MGC117375
• MGC125973
• MGC125974
• Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21
• urate transporter/channel protein

Background

Galectins comprise a family of multifunctional carbohydrate-binding proteins with specificity for N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. At least 14 mammalian Galectins share structural similarities in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), forming three groups: prototype (one CRD), tandem-repeat (two CRDs), and chimeric (one CRD, unique N-terminus) (1, 2). Full length Galectin-9 is a widely expressed 39 kDa tandem-repeat Galectin that contains two CRDs connected by a linker region (3). Progressive deletion within the linker region generates a 36 kDa isoform, also known as Ecalectin or UAT, as well as a 35 kDa isoform (4). This recombinant protein corresponds to the Ecalectin isoform of human Galectin-9 and shares 70% and 73% aa sequence identity with the corresponding regions of mouse and rat Galectin-9, respectively. Galectin-9 exhibits a wide range of activities. All three isoforms function as eosinophil chemoattractants (5, 6). This activity is destroyed by thrombin-mediated cleavage within the linker region of the long isoform, although the Ecalectin isoform is resistant to thrombin (7). Galectin-9 binds to carbohydrate moieties of IgE, thereby preventing immune complex formation, mast cell degranulation, and asthmatic and cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions (8). Independent of its lectin properties, Galectin-9 induces the maturation of dendritic cells which promote Th1 polarization (9). Galectin-9 induces cellular apoptosis in part by direct binding to TIM-3 (10, 11). Its interaction with TIM-3 inhibits Th1 cell and CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cell responses and also promotes regulatory T cell differentiation and activity (11, 12). Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations between hyaluronic acid and CD44 and between VCAM-1 and Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (13). The Ecalectin isoform (UAT; urate transporter) can also be expressed as an integral membrane protein and mediate the cellular efflux of urate (14).

1. Heusschen, R. et al. (2013) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1836:177.
2. Elola, M. T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.
3. Tureci, O. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:6416.
4. Chabot, S. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:111.
5. Matsumoto, R. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:1961.
6. Sato, M. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:191.
7. Nishi, N. et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16:15C.
8. Niki, T. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:32344.
9. Dai, S.-Y. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:2974.
10. Seki, M. et al. (2007) Arthritis Rheum. 56:3968.
11. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
12. Sehrawat, S. et al. (2010) PloS Pathogens 6:e1000882.
13. Nobumoto, A. et al. (2008) Glycobiology 18:735.
14. Leal-Pinto, E. et al. (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 283:F150.

Publications for Galectin-9 (9064-GA)(4)

Publications using 9064-GA

• Mendoza, M;Ballesteros, A;Rendon-Correa, E;Tonk, R;Warren, J;Snow, AL;Stowell, SR;Blois, SM;Dveksler, G; Modulation of galectin-9 mediated responses in monocytes and T-cells by pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 The Journal of biological chemistry 2024-08-07 [PMID: 39121996] (Bioassay, Human)
• Shete, A;Wagh, V;Sawant, J;Shidhaye, P;Sane, S;Rao, A;Kulkarni, S;Ghate, M; Antiretroviral Treatment-Induced Galectin-9 Might Impact HIV Viremia in Addition to Contributing to Inflammaging International journal of molecular sciences 2023-07-31 [PMID: 37569647] (Bioassay, Human)
• MA Nielsen, D Køster, AY Mehta, K Stengaard-, P Busson, P Junker, K Hørslev-Pe, ML Hetland, M Østergaard, M Hvid, H Leffler, TW Kragstrup, RD Cummings, B Deleuran Increased Galectin-9 Levels Correlate with Disease Activity in Patients with DMARD-Na�ve Rheumatoid Arthritis and Modulate the Secretion of MCP-1 and IL-6 from Synovial Fibroblasts Cells, 2023-01-15;12(2):. 2023-01-15 [PMID: 36672263] (Bioassay, Human)
• AM Seifert, C Reiche, M Heiduk, A Tannert, AC Meinecke, S Baier, J von Reness, C Kahlert, M Distler, T Welsch, C Reissfelde, DE Aust, G Miller, J Weitz, L Seifert Detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with galectin-9 serum levels Oncogene, 2020-02-13;0(0):. 2020-02-13 [PMID: 32055023] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: LGALS9
• Uniprot:
  • NP_002299()