Prolactin Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of human pituitary tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.25 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Prolactin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF682) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for Prolactin at approximately 23 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Prolactin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human testis using Goat Anti-Human Prolactin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF682) at 1 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm of sperm cells. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Simple Western shows lysates of human pituitary, loaded at 0.2 mg/ml. A specific band was detected for Prolactin at approximately 30 kDa (as indicated) using 2.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Prolactin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF682). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230kDa separation system.

Human Prolactin Antibody (Catalog # AF682) neutralizes Recombinant Human Prolactin (682-PL) induced proliferation in the Nb2 11 rat lymphoma cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) for this effect is typically 0.0200-0.200 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, Simple Western, IHC, B/N, ELISA(Cap)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Prolactin Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human Prolactin
  Leu29-Cys227
  Accession # Q5THQ0
• Specificity: Detects human Prolactin in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich ELISAs, less than 0.05% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Prolactin and recombinant human Prolactin R.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: PRL
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.2-0.8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunohistochemistry 1-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 0.02-0.05 ug/mL
  • Simple Western 2.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.25 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Human Prolactin Antibody (Catalog # AF682)
  ELISA Detection: Human Prolactin Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF682)
  Standard: Recombinant Human Prolactin (Catalog # 682-PL)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. See Certificate of Analysis for details.
  *Small pack size (-SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Prolactin Antibody [Unconjugated]

• PRL
• Prolactin

Background

Prolactin (PRL) is a neuroendocrine pituitary hormone. Prolactin is synthesized by the anterior pituitary, placenta, brain, uterus, dermal fibroblasts, decidua, B cell, T cells, NK cells, and breast cancer cells. Originally characterized as a lactogenic hormone, studies have demonstrated broader roles in breast cancer development, regulation of reproductive function, and immunoregulation. In the immune system, prolactin has been shown to be secreted by human PBMC and to act as a proliferative growth factor. Additionally, prolactin treatment of human PBMC has been shown to enhance IFN-gamma production. Prolactin has several molecular forms. The predominant form is a monomer, the non-glycosylated form is 23 kDa and the glycosylated form is 25 kDa. Glycosylated prolactin is removed from the circulation faster and has been reported to have lower biological potency. Prolactin cDNA encodes a 227 amino acid residue protein with a putative 28 aa residue signal peptide. The prolactin receptor is a transmembrane type I glycoprotein that belongs to the cytokine hematopoietic receptor family. B cells, T cells, macrophages, NK cells, monocytes, CD34⁺ progenitor cells, neutrophils, mammary gland, liver, kidney, adrenals, ovaries, testis, prostrate, seminal vesicles, and hypothalamus have all been shown to express the prolactin receptor. Three forms of the receptor, generated by differential splicing, have been identified. These isoforms differ in the length of their cytoplasmic domains. It is believed that the short cytoplasmic form is non-functional. Prolactin signal transduction involves the JAK/STAT families and Src kinase family.

1. Cooke, N.E. et al. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256:4007.
2. Ben-Johnson, N. et al. (1996) Endoc. Rev. 17:639.
3. Cesario, T. et al. (1994) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 205:89.
4. Price, A.E. et al. (1995) Endoc. 136:4827.
5. Hoffmann, T. et al. (1993) J. Endoc. Invest. 16:807.
6. Bellone, G. et al. (1995) J. Cell Physiol. 163:221.
7. Cole, E. et al. (1991) Endoc. 129:2639.
8. Lewis, U. et al. (1985) Endoc. 116:359.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Prolactin Antibody (AF682)(7)

Publications using AF682

• Chen, J;Yin, T;Hu, X;Chang, L;Sang, Y;Xu, L;Zhao, W;Liu, L;Xu, C;Lin, Y;Li, Y;Wu, Q;Li, D;Li, Y;Du, M; CD36-mediated arachidonic acid influx from decidual stromal cells increases inflammatory macrophages in miscarriage Cell reports 2024-10-19 [PMID: 39427314] (Neutralization, Human)
• S Löb, B Ochmann, Z Ma, T Vilsmaier, C Kuhn, E Schmoeckel, SL Herbert, T Kolben, A Wöckel, S Mahner, U Jeschke The role of Interleukin-18 in recurrent early pregnancy loss Journal of reproductive immunology, 2021-10-05;148(0):103432. 2021-10-05 [PMID: 34627076] (IHC, Human)
• S Löb, N Amann, C Kuhn, E Schmoeckel, A Wöckel, A Zati Zehni, T Kaltofen, S Keckstein, JN Mumm, S Meister, T Kolben, S Mahner, U Jeschke, T Vilsmaier Interleukin-1 beta is significantly upregulated in the decidua of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage placentas Journal of reproductive immunology, 2021-01-30;144(0):103283. 2021-01-30 [PMID: 33545613] (IHC, Human)
• R Sudharsan, L Murgiano, HY Tang, TW Olsen, VRM Chavali, GD Aguirre, WA Beltran Short prolactin isoforms are expressed in photoreceptors of canine retinas undergoing retinal degeneration Scientific Reports, 2021-01-11;11(1):460. 2021-01-11 [PMID: 33432105] (Western Blot, Human)
• Kanda N, Watanabe S Prolactin enhances interferon-gamma-induced production of CXC ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and CXCL11 in human keratinocytes. Endocrinology, 2007-01-25;148(5):2317-25. 2007-01-25 [PMID: 17255201] (ELISA Development, Human)
• Lange T, Dimitrov S, Fehm HL, Westermann J, Born J Shift of monocyte function toward cellular immunity during sleep. Arch. Intern. Med., 2006-09-18;166(16):1695-700. 2006-09-18 [PMID: 16983046] (Neutralization, Human)
• Chakravarti P, Henry MK, Quelle FW Prolactin and heregulin override DNA damage-induced growth arrest and promote phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent proliferation in breast cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol., 2005-02-01;26(2):509-14. 2005-02-01 [PMID: 15645137] (Neutralization, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: PRL
• Uniprot:
  • Q5THQ0()