Progranulin/PGRN Antibody [Biotin]

• Applications: WB
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Concentration: LYOPH

Progranulin/PGRN Antibody [Biotin] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Progranulin (R&D Systems, Catalog # 2420-PG)
  Thr18-Leu593
  Accession # P28799
• Specificity: Detects human Progranulin in Western blots. In this format, approximately 35% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Progranulin is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: GRN
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Background

Progranulin, also known as acrogranin, PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) and epithelin/granulin precursor, is a ubiquitously expressed, 88 kDa, secreted glycoprotein (1-3). Structurally, it does not belong to any of the well-established growth factor families (4). Human Progranulin is 593 amino acids (aa) in length and contains a 17 aa signal sequence and 5 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (Swiss Prot # P28799). It has a highly repetitive organization, containing seven tandem copies of a 55-57 aa consensus motif that contains 12 conserved cysteine residues: VXCX5-6CX5CCX8CCX6CCXDX2HCCPX4CX5-6CX2 (1). There is one alternate splice form for human Progranulin. This has a deletion of aa corresponding to aa 377-531 of the standard form. Progranulin is secreted as a full length form (2, 4), and may undergo proteolysis leading to the release of numerous peptides made from the seven tandem repeats, called the granulins (5-7). Human Progranulin shares 75% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Progranulin. Progranulin is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, as well as differentiation, development, and pathological processes (4). It has been isolated as a differentially expressed gene during mesothelial differentiation (8), macrophage development (9), the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (10), sexual differentiation of the brain (11), and has also been shown to be a mediator of cartilage proliferation and of wound response and tissue repair (4, 12 13). High levels of Progranulin expression have been found to be associated with several human cancers and are believed to contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma, glioblastoma, adipocyte teratoma, and multiple myeloma (4-5, 12, 14-19). In addition, mutations in the Progranulin gene are a cause of frontotemporal dementia, and increased expression of Progranulin is seen in activated microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease (20). Mutations in Progranulin causing neurodegenerative disease indicate that Progranulin is important for neuronal survival (20).

1. Plowman, G.D. et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:13073.
2. Zhou, J. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:10863.
3. Liu, Y. et al. (2007) BMC Cancer 7:22.
4. Xu, K. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:11347.
5. Davidson, B. et al. (2004) Cancer 100:2139.
6. Zanocco-Marani, T. et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59:5331.
7. Lu, R. and G. Serrero (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3993.
8. Sun, X. et al. (2004) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30:510.
9. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:727.
10. Justen, H.P. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 3:165.
11. Suzuki, M. and M. Nishiahara (2002) Mol. Genet. Metab. 75:31.
12. He, Z. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:225.
13. Zhu, J. et al. (2002) Cell 111:867.
14. He, Z. and A. Bateman (2003) J. Mol. Med. 81:600.
15. Bateman, A. et al. (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1161.
16. Gonzalez, E.M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:38113.
17. Jones, M.B. et al. (2003) Gynecol. Oncol. 88:S136.
18. Wang, W. et al. (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2221.
19. Zhang, H. and G. Serrero (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14202.
20. Baker, M. et al. (2006) Nature 442:916.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: GRN