ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody

Product Discontinued

ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody Summary

• Immunogen: This antibody is specific for the C Terminus Region of the target protein.
• Specificity: This product is specific for Human arnT.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: ARNT
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA 1:100-1:2000
  • Western Blot 1:5000-1:20000
• Application Notes: This antibody is useful in ELISA and Western Blot.

Reactivity Notes

Human.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: 20mM Potassium Phosphate (pH 7.0) and 0.15M NaCl
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified

Notes

Manufactured by SDIX's proprietary Genomic Antibody Technology™. GAT FAQs.

Alternate Names for ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody

• ARNT protein
• ARNT
• aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
• BHLHE2
• Class E Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein 2
• Dioxin Receptor, Nuclear Translocator
• HIF1 beta
• HIF-1 beta
• HIF1B
• HIF1BETA
• HIF-1beta
• HIF-1-beta
• HIF1-beta
• hypoxia-inducible factor 1, beta subunit
• Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta
• TANGO

Background

Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT), also commonly known as Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta (HIF-1 beta), is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that is part of the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) family (1, 2). Human arnt is located on chromosome 1q21 and encodes a protein 789 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight of 87 kDa (1). Structurally, ARNT has a DNA binding bHLH domain, two PAS domains required for dimerization, and a transactivation domain/PAC region (1). ARNT belongs to the Class II bHLH-PAS proteins and is able to homodimerize or heterodimerize with the Class I proteins including AHA, AHRR, HIF-1 alpha, HIF-2 alpha, NPAS1, and SIM1 (2). Dimerization allows for efficient DNA binding and regulation of their target genes (2).

ARNT has an important role in two specific signaling pathways - the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway (1). In the AhR pathway, AhR in the cytosol is typically inactive and bound to heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) (3). Upon activation and ligand binding by environmental pollutants such as dioxins, AhR is translocated to the nucleus, dissociates from hsp90, and dimerizes with ARNT, leading to binding to response elements and expression of target genes including monooxygenases (1, 3). In the HIF pathway, under hypoxia (low oxygen) conditions prolylhydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) are inhibited. HIF-1 alpha (or HIF-2 alpha) accumulates and is transported to the nucleus where it heterodimerizes with ARNT, allowing for binding to target gene's hypoxia response element (HRE), recruitment of coactivators, and transcription (1, 3). HIF-induced gene transcription plays a large role in tumor progression by promoting invasion, metastasis, de-differentiation and altered metabolism, and angiogenesis (1). While HIF-1 alpha's stability is dependent upon oxygen conditions, HIF-1 beta is stable in both normoxia and hypoxia (1-3).

The bHLH-PAS family and ARNT have been linked with a variety of pathologies and diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and psychiatric disorders (2). ARNT/AHR is expressed in the skin and its pathway activation enhances skin barrier function and epidermal terminal differentiation, thus AHR agonists are currently being used as therapeutics for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (4). Accordingly, studies of Arnt-deficient mice show profound abnormalities in skin barrier function and keratinization (4). Additionally, studies suggest that ARNT plays an important role in diabetes and beta-cell function (5). Islets from patients with type 2 diabetes have a significantly decreased ARNT expression compared to glucose-tolerant control donors (5). Modulation and stimulation of the HIF pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (5).

Alternate names for ARNT/HIF-1 beta include aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, BHLHE2, class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 2, Dixon receptor nuclear translocator, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta, nuclear translocator, and TANGO.

References

1. Mandl, M., & Depping, R. (2014). Hypoxia-inducible aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) (HIF-1beta): is it a rare exception?. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2014.00032

2. Wu, D., & Rastinejad, F. (2017). Structural characterization of mammalian bHLH-PAS transcription factors. Current opinion in structural biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2016.09.011

3. Esser, C., & Rannug, A. (2015). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in barrier organ physiology, immunology, and toxicology. Pharmacological reviews.https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.114.009001

4. Furue, M., Hashimoto-Hachiya, A., & Tsuji, G. (2019). Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. International journal of molecular sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215424

5. Girgis, C. M., Cheng, K., Scott, C. H., & Gunton, J. E. (2012). Novel links between HIFs, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.003

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody (35490002)(2)

Publications using 35490002

• Garrison C, Lastwika K, Zhang Y et al. Proteomic Analysis, Immune Dysregulation, and Pathway Interconnections With Obesity J Proteome Res. 2017-01-06 [PMID: 27769113] (MiAr)
  
  Details:
  Analysis is performed on plasma proteomic data to identify how obesity can alter pathways and to highlight the risk factor for disease in subjects with a high body mass index.
• Rho JH, Lampe PD. High-throughput screening for native autoantigen-autoantibody complexes using antibody microarrays J Proteome Res. 2013-05-03 [PMID: 23541305] (MiAr)
  
  Details:
  A novel method using antibody microarrays is used to detect autoantibody-antigen complexes that can potentially be useful for detection and characterization of diseases.

FAQs for ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody (35490002). (Showing 1 - 3 of 3 FAQs).

1. Is this target appropriate for use in Chromatin Research?
   • Yes; here is a list of research areas that we have deemed appropriate for the target "ARNT/HIF-1 beta": Angiogenesis, Autophagy, Cancer, Cellular Markers, Chromatin Research, HIF Target Genes, Hypoxia, Transcription Factors and Regulators, Cardiovascular Biology, Lipid and Metabolism.
2. For use in Western Blot with HIF-1 beta antibodies, what molecular weight of the band should I expect to see?
   • The theoretical molecular weight determined by our technical team for ARNT/HIF-1 beta antibodies is 86.6 kDa.
3. If this product is used in an application or species as a part of a customer review, will that validate this product in the application/species?
   • If any of our primary antibodes are used in an untested application or species and it is shown to work through images from customer reviews or through publications, this validates the application/species for this product, allowing the tested application/species to fall under our 100% guarantee. Please check out our Innovator's Reward Program if you decide to test a primary antibody with a species or application that is not currently listed. Please note that the Innovator's Reward Program only applies to our primary antibodies.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ARNT
• Entrez:
  • 405(Human)
• Uniprot:
  • P27540()