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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors. TLR10 is highly homologous to TLRs 1 and 6 and is most highly expressed in lymphoid tissues. Most recently genetic variation in TLR10 has been associated with contributing to asthma risk. It should be noted that TLR10 exists in mice only as a pseudogene.