VASA Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of human testis tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human VASA Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2030) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF019). A specific band was detected for VASA at approximately 85 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

VASA was detected in paraffin-embedded sections of human testis using Goat Anti-Human VASA Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2030) at 10 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, IHC
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

VASA Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human VASA
  Met1-Tyr145
  Accession # Q9NQI0
• Specificity: Detects human VASA in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: DDX4
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Purity: Immunogen affinity purified
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for VASA Antibody [Unconjugated]

• DDX4
• DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4
• DEAD box protein 4
• EC 3.6.1
• EC 3.6.4.13
• MGC111074
• probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX4
• Vasa homolog
• VASA
• VASADEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 4

Background

The VASA gene, originally identified in Drosophila, encodes a member of the DEAD box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases. The expression of VASA in invertebrate and vertebrate species is restricted to germ cells and is required for germ cell formation. VASA is therefore a highly specific marker of germ cells (1-3).

1. Zeeman, A.M. et al. (2002) Lab Invest. 82:159.
2. Raz, E. (2000) Genome Biol. 1:REVIEWS1017.
3. Castrillon, D. et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:9585.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for VASA Antibody (AF2030)(26)

Publications using AF2030

• AS Bailey, MT Fuller YTHDC2 serves a distinct late role in spermatocytes during germ cell differentiation bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-01-23;0(0):. 2023-01-23 [PMID: 36747642] (IHC, Mouse)
• T Lehtiniemi, M Bourgery, L Ma, A Ahmedani, M Mäkelä, J Asteljoki, O Olotu, S Laasanen, FP Zhang, K Tan, JN Chousal, D Burow, S Koskinen, A Laiho, LL Elo, F Chalmel, MF Wilkinson, N Kotaja SMG6 localizes to the chromatoid body and shapes the male germ cell transcriptome to drive spermatogenesis Nucleic Acids Research, 2022-11-11;0(0):. 2022-11-11 [PMID: 36259644] (IHC, Human)
• SP Windley, C Mayère, AE McGovern, NL Harvey, S Nef, Q Schwarz, S Kumar, D Wilhelm Loss of NEDD4 causes complete XY gonadal sex reversal in mice Cell Death & Disease, 2022-01-24;13(1):75. 2022-01-24 [PMID: 35075134] (IHC, Mouse)
• J Guo, E Sosa, T Chitiashvi, X Nie, EJ Rojas, E Oliver, DonorConne, K Plath, JM Hotaling, JB Stukenborg, AT Clark, BR Cairns Single-cell analysis of the developing human testis reveals somatic niche cell specification and fetal germline stem cell establishment Cell Stem Cell, 2021-01-15;0(0):. 2021-01-15 [PMID: 33453151] (IHC, Human)
• S Bagheri-Fa, H Chen, S Wilson, K Ayers, J Hughes, F Sloan-Bena, P Calvel, G Robevska, B Puisac, K Kusz-Zamel, S Gimelli, A Spik, J Jaruzelska, A Warenik-Sz, S Faradz, S Nef, J Pié, P Thomas, A Sinclair, D Wilhelm The gene encoding the ketogenic enzyme HMGCS2 displays a unique expression during gonad development in mice PLoS ONE, 2020-01-07;15(1):e0227411. 2020-01-07 [PMID: 31910233] (IF, Mouse)
• BP Hermann, K Cheng, A Singh, L Roa-De La, KN Mutoji, IC Chen, H Gilderslee, JD Lehle, M Mayo, B Westernstr, NC Law, MJ Oatley, EK Velte, BA Niedenberg, D Fritze, S Silber, CB Geyer, JM Oatley, JR McCarrey The Mammalian Spermatogenesis Single-Cell Transcriptome, from Spermatogonial Stem Cells to Spermatids Cell Rep, 2018-11-06;25(6):1650-1667.e8. 2018-11-06 [PMID: 30404016] (IHC-Fr, Human)
• JM Stringer, SC Forster, Z Qu, L Prokopuk, MK O'Bryan, DK Gardner, SJ White, D Adelson, PS Western Reduced PRC2 function alters male germline epigenetic programming and paternal inheritance BMC Biol., 2018-09-20;16(1):104. 2018-09-20 [PMID: 30236109] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Á Vértesy, W Arindrarto, MS Roost, B Reinius, V Torrens-Ju, M Bialecka, I Moustakas, Y Ariyurek, E Kuijk, H Mei, R Sandberg, A van Oudena, SM Chuva de S Parental haplotype-specific single-cell transcriptomics reveal incomplete epigenetic reprogramming in human female germ cells Nat Commun, 2018-05-14;9(1):1873. 2018-05-14 [PMID: 29760424] (IHC, Human)
• A Bothun, Y Gao, Y Takai, O Ishihara, H Seki, B Karger, J Tilly, DC Woods Quantitative proteomic profiling of the human ovary from early to mid-gestation reveals protein expression dynamics of oogenesis and folliculogenesis Stem Cells Dev., 2018-05-29;0(0):. 2018-05-29 [PMID: 29631484] (ICC, Human)
• JJ Gell, J Zhao, D Chen, TJ Hunt, AT Clark PRDM14 is expressed in germ cell tumors with constitutive overexpression altering human germline differentiation and proliferation Stem Cell Res, 2018-01-04;27(0):46-56. 2018-01-04 [PMID: 29324254] (IHC-P, Human)
• N Wang, C Satirapod, Y Ohguchi, ES Park, DC Woods, JL Tilly Genetic studies in mice directly link oocytes produced during adulthood to ovarian function and natural fertility Sci Rep, 2017-08-30;7(1):10011. 2017-08-30 [PMID: 28855574] (IHC, Mouse)
• AT Clark, S Gkountela, D Chen, W Liu, E Sosa, M Sukhwani, JD Hennebold, KE Orwig Primate Primordial Germ Cells Acquire Transplantation Potential by Carnegie Stage 23 Stem Cell Reports, 2017-06-01;0(0):. 2017-06-01 [PMID: 28579394] (ICC, IHC, Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque))
• C Eguizabal Characterisation of the Epigenetic Changes During Human Gonadal Primordial Germ Cells Reprogramming Stem Cells, 2016-06-30;0(0):. 2016-06-30 [PMID: 27300161] (IHC-P, Human)
• Hu , Yueh-Chi, Nicholls , Peter K, Soh , Y Q Shir, Daniele , Joseph R, Junker , Jan Phil, van Oudenaarden , Alexande, Page , David C Licensing of primordial germ cells for gametogenesis depends on genital ridge signaling. PLoS Genet, 2015-03-04;11(3):e1005019. 2015-03-04 [PMID: 25739037] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Heeren A, van Iperen L, Klootwijk D, de Melo Bernardo A, Roost M, Gomes Fernandes M, Louwe L, Hilders C, Helmerhorst F, van der Westerlaken L, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S Development of the follicular basement membrane during human gametogenesis and early folliculogenesis. BMC Dev Biol, 2015-01-21;15(0):4. 2015-01-21 [PMID: 25605128] (IHC-P, Human)
• Dominguez , Antonia, Chiang , H Rosari, Sukhwani , Meena, Orwig , Kyle E, Reijo Pera , Renee A Human germ cell formation in xenotransplants of induced pluripotent stem cells carrying X chromosome aneuploidies. Sci Rep, 2014-09-22;4(0):6432. 2014-09-22 [PMID: 25242416] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• Lim J, Shim M, Lee J, Lee D Three-step method for proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived male germ cells. PLoS ONE, 2014-04-01;9(4):e90454. 2014-04-01 [PMID: 24690677] (ICC, Human)
• Duggal G, Heindryckx B, Warrier S, O'Leary T, Van der Jeught M, Lierman S, Vossaert L, Deroo T, Deforce D, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, De Sutter P Influence of activin A supplementation during human embryonic stem cell derivation on germ cell differentiation potential. Stem Cells Dev, 2013-08-14;22(23):3141-55. 2013-08-14 [PMID: 23829223] (ICC, Human)
• Bhartiya , Deepa, Sriraman , Kalpana, Gunjal , Pranesh, Modak , Harshada Gonadotropin treatment augments postnatal oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly in adult mouse ovaries? J Ovarian Res, 2012-11-07;5(1):32. 2012-11-07 [PMID: 23134576] (IHC, Mouse)
• Eguizabal C, Montserrat N, Vassena R, Barragan M, Garreta E, Garcia-Quevedo L, Vidal F, Giorgetti A, Veiga A, Belmonte JC Complete meiosis from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells, 2011-08-01;29(8):1186-95. 2011-08-01 [PMID: 21681858] (ICC, Human)
• Geens M, Sermon KD Sertoli cell-conditioned medium induces germ cell differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet., 2011-02-12;0(0):. 2011-02-12 [PMID: 21318592] (ICC, IHC-P, Human)
• West FD, Mumaw JL, Gallegos-Cardenas A, Young A, Stice SL Human haploid cells differentiated from meiotic competent clonal germ cell lines that originated from embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev., 2010-12-02;20(6):1079-88. 2010-12-02 [PMID: 20929355] (Flow Cytometry, ICC, Human)
• Conrad S, Renninger M, Hennenlotter J, Wiesner T, Just L, Bonin M, Aicher W, Buhring HJ, Mattheus U, Mack A, Wagner HJ, Minger S, Matzkies M, Reppel M, Hescheler J, Sievert KD, Stenzl A, Skutella T Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis. Nature, 2008-10-08;456(7220):344-9. 2008-10-08 [PMID: 18849962] (ICC, Human)
• Bucay N, Yebra M, Cirulli V, Afrikanova I, Kaido T, Hayek A, Montgomery AM A Novel Approach for the Derivation of Putative Primordial Germ Cells and Sertoli Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells, 2009-01-01;0(0):. 2009-01-01 [PMID: 18845765] (Flow Cytometry, ICC, Human)
• Tilgner K, Atkinson SP, Golebiewska A, Stojkovic M, Lako M, Armstrong L Isolation of primordial germ cells from differentiating human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells, 2008-09-18;26(12):3075-85. 2008-09-18 [PMID: 18802037] (ICC, Human)
• West FD, Machacek DW, Boyd NL, Pandiyan K, Robbins KR, Stice SL Enrichment and differentiation of human germ-like cells mediated by feeder cells and basic fibroblast growth factor signaling. Stem Cells, 2008-08-21;26(11):2768-76. 2008-08-21 [PMID: 18719225] (Flow Cytometry, ICC, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: DDX4
• Uniprot:
  • Q9NQI0()