Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1]

CoraFluor™ 1, amine reactive (Catalog:7920) and CoraFluor™ 2, amine reactive (Catalog # 7950) are terbium-based probes that have been developed for use as TR-FRET donors. They emit wavelengths compatible with commonly used fluorescent acceptor dyes such as BODIPY® (or BDY) and Janelia Fluor® dyes, FITC (Catalog # 5440), TMR and Cyanine 5 (Catalog # 5436). CoraFluor™ fluorescence is brighter and more stable in biological media than existing TR-FRET donors, leading to enhanced sensitivity and improved data generation. CoraFluor™ 1 exhibits excitation upon exposure to a 337 nm UV laser.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt
• Applications: WB, IHC, ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Conjugate: CoraFluor 1

Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1] Summary

• Description: CoraFluor(TM) 1 is a high performance terbium-based TR-FRET (Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) or TRF (Time-Resolved Fluorescence) donor for high throughput assay development. CoraFluor(TM) 1 absorbs UV light at approximately 340 nm, and emits at approximately 490 nm, 545 nm, 585 nm and 620 nm. It is compatible with common acceptor dyes that absorb at the emission wavelengths of CoraFluor(TM) 1. CoraFluor(TM) 1 can be used for the development of robust and scalable TR-FRET binding assays such as target engagement, ternary complex, protein-protein interaction and protein quantification assays.
  
  CoraFluor(TM) 1, amine reactive
  
  CoraFluor(TM) 1, thiol reactive
  
  For more information, please see our CoraFluor(TM) TR-FRET technology flyer.
• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human Tyrosine Hydroxylase
  Ala278-Tyr401, predicted
  Accession # P07101
• Specificity: Detects human, mouse and rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Western blots.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Sheep
• Gene: TH
• Purity: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C in the dark. Do not freeze.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Purity: Antigen Affinity-purified

Notes

CoraFluor (TM) is a trademark of Bio-Techne Corp. Sold for research purposes only under agreement from Massachusetts General Hospital. US patent 2022/0025254

Alternate Names for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [CoraFluor™ 1]

• DYT14
• DYT5b
• EC 1.14.16
• EC 1.14.16.2
• TH
• TYH dystonia 14
• TYH
• Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase
• tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
• Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Background

The tetrameric enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also designated as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TY3H), is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis and has a theoretical molecular weight of 60 kDa. Encoded by the TH gene, TH catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The precursor of catecholamines, L-dopa, is converted to dopamine for use in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1) . Dysfunction in the TH gene, and thus the enzymatic activity by TH, dysregulates catecholamine synthesis.

Two transcription factor binding sites in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been implicated in the complex regulation of the TH gene. Dysregulation of breakdown for the amino acid, tyrosine, by TH is a result of a genetic disorder that results in Tyrosinemia (high levels of tyrosine in the blood, tissue and organs).

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, where individuals display symptoms that include lack of coordination when walking, postural tremors and unusual body positioning. TH deficient dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of TH and is diagnosed during childhood with characteristic symptoms including increased muscle tone (dystonia) and signs of Parkinsonism like bradykinesia, tremors, rigidity and postural instability (2). Correspondingly, TH is also linked to Parkinson's disease in older adults, where low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Functional polymorphisms of the TH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and other affective disorders where dopamine is often dysregulated (3).

References

1. Hamanaka, Y., & Mizunami, M. (2019). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the mushroom body of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Cell Tissue Res, 376(1), 97-111. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2969-9

2. Li, L., & Zhou, F. M. (2013). Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience, 236, 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065

3. Borkar, C. D., Bharne, A. P., Nagalakshmi, B., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., & Kokare, D. M. (2018). Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide (CART) Alleviates MK-801-Induced Schizophrenic Dementia-Like Symptoms. Neuroscience, 375, 94-107. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.056

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TH