Tsukushi/TSK Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 488]

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Alexa Fluor 488

Tsukushi/TSK Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 488] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Tsukushi/TSK
  Thr17-Leu353
  Accession # Q8WUA8
• Specificity: Detects human Tsukushi/TSK in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 40% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse TSK is observed.
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied
• Buffer: Supplied 0.2mg/ml in 1X PBS with RDF1 and 0.09% Sodium Azide

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Tsukushi/TSK Antibody [Alexa Fluor® 488]

• E2IG4
• E2IG4E2-induced gene 4 protein
• leucine rich repeat containing 54
• Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 54
• LRRC54
• TSK
• TSKtsukushi homolog
• TSKU
• tsukushi small leucine rich proteoglycan homolog (Xenopus laevis)
• Tsukushi
• tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan
• tsukushin

Background

TSK, also known as Tsukushi, is an atypical member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family of extracellular matrix proteins (1, 2). All contain leucine-rich repeats (LRR) flanked by conserved cysteines, but the C-terminus of TSK resembles the structure of nyctalopin and chondroadherin rather than class I‑III SLRPs (1). The human TSK cDNA encodes a 16 amino acid (aa) signal sequence and a 337 aa secreted (presumably glycosylated) protein that contains nine LRR (2). Proteoglycan modification of TSK has not been shown. SLRP-like activity or expression of TSK has been identified in several contexts. TSK mRNA is upregulated by estrogen treatment in breast cancer cell lines, and so is proposed to be involved in hormonally regulated extracellular matrix remodeling (2). TSK is upregulated along with bone markers in Vitamin K2-treated osteosarcoma cell lines, mediated by the pregnane X receptor, PXR (3). TSK was also shown to contribute to vitamin K2-mediated enhancement of collagen accumulation. Other SLRPs have been shown to form a protective coat around collagen fibrils, shielding them from proteolysis (4). In rats, expression of TSK in liver, intestines and islets of Langerhans resembles the pattern of Glut2 (5). TSK transcription is upregulated by both estrogen and insulin in hepatocytes. In Xenopus and chick embryos, TSK is expressed in the middle primitive streak, where it binds and antagonizes BMP-4 and promotes dorsalization and formation of the neural crest and the primitive organizer (6, 7). Xenopus TSK also binds the extracellular region of delta-1, modulating Notch activity (7). Human TSK shows 87%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 52% and 50% aa identity with canine, mouse, rat, bovine, chick, and Xenopus TSK, respectively, with the highest identity in the first four LRR.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.