Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein

• Reactivity: Rb
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to enhance IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is ≤8.00 ng/mL.
• Source: E. coli-derived rabbit IL-21 protein
  His18-Arg150, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: XP_008266192.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Structure / Form: Monomer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL21
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 15.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 18 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein

• CVID11
• IL21
• IL-21
• IL-21Za11interleukin-21
• interleukin 21
• interleukin-21 isoform
• Za11

Background

Interleukin‑21 (IL‑21) is an approximately 14 kDa four‑helix‑bundle cytokine in the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain ( gamma _c) as a receptor subunit. gamma _c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL‑2, IL‑4, IL‑7, IL‑9, and IL‑15 (1). IL‑21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2‑6). It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma _c and the IL‑21‑specific IL‑21 R (2, 7). Tfh‑derived IL‑21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). IL‑21 regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co‑stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8⁺ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). IL‑21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN‑ gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). In addition, IL‑21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). Dysregulation of the IL‑21/IL‑21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17). The rabbit IL‑21 precursor contains a predicted 135 amino acid (aa) signal sequence and a 133 aa mature chain. Mature rabbit IL‑21 shares 55%‑67% aa sequence identity with mature canine, human, mouse, and rat IL‑21.

1. Leonard, W.J. et al. (2008) J. Leukoc. Biol. 84:348.
2. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
3. Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
4. Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
5. Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
6. Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
7. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
8. Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
9. Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
10. Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
11. Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
12. Yi, J.S., et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
13. Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
14. Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
15. Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
16. Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
17. Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL21
• Uniprot:
  • XP_008266192.1()