Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Rb
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to enhance IFN-gamma secretion in NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED 50 for this effect is ≤8.00 ng/mL
• Source: E. coli-derived rabbit IL-21 protein His18-Arg150, with an N-terminal Met
• Accession #: XP_008266192.1
• N-terminal Sequence: Met
• Structure / Form: Monomer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL21
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 15.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 18 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Rabbit IL-21 Protein, CF

• CVID11
• IL21
• IL-21
• IL-21Za11interleukin-21
• interleukin 21
• interleukin-21 isoform
• Za11

Background

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa four-helix-bundle cytokine in the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain ( gamma c ) as a receptor subunit. gamma c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (1). IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2-6). It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma c and the IL-21-specific IL-21 R (2, 7). Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). IL-21 regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co-stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8 + T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). IL-21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). In addition, IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). Dysregulation of the IL-21/IL-21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17). The rabbit IL-21 precursor contains a predicted 135 amino acid (aa) signal sequence and a 133 aa mature chain. Mature rabbit IL-21 shares 55%-67% aa sequence identity with mature canine, human, mouse, and rat IL-21.

1. Leonard, W.J. et al. (2008) J. Leukoc. Biol. 84:348.
2. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
3. Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
4. Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
5. Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
6. Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
7. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
8. Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
9. Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
10. Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
11. Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
12. Yi, J.S., et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
13. Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
14. Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
15. Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
16. Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
17. Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL21
• Uniprot:
  • XP_008266192.1()