Recombinant Mouse TSG-6 Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: Binding Activity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Mouse TSG-6 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized rmTSG-6 can bind biotinylated Hyaluronan with an estimated K D <1 nM.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse TSG-6 protein Trp18-Leu275, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: O08859
• N-terminal Sequence: Trp18
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Tnfaip6
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Binding Activity
• Theoretical MW: 29.8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 39 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse TSG-6 Protein, CF

• Hyaluronate-binding protein
• TNF alpha-induced protein 6
• TNFAIP6
• TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein
• TSG6
• TSG-6
• TSG-6tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 6
• TSG6tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein
• Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6
• tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6
• tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 protein

Background

TSG-6 (TNF-stimulated gene 6; also named TNFIP6) is a secreted, 35 - 39 kDa group A member of the LINK-Module superfamily of proteins (1 - 4). Mouse TSG-6 is synthesized as a 275 amino acid (aa) precursor. It contains a 17 aa signal sequence and a 258 aa mature region (5, 6). The mature region has an N-terminal link module (aa 36 - 129) and a C-terminal CUB (C1s/C1r; urchin embryonic growth factor; BMP1) domain (aa 135 - 246). Link modules bind hyaluronan (HA) and participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly (7). Mature mouse TSG-6 shares 97%, 94% and 94% aa identity with rat, human and canine TSG-6, respectively. Cells reported to express TGF-6 include activated fibroblasts, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, neutrophils, proximal tubular epithelium, bronchial epithelium, endothelium, and visceral plus vascular smooth muscle (2, 8). TSG-6 has multiple functions, many of which involve the ECM. It is suggested to stabilize HA-rich ECM. It does so by serving as an intermediary, or as a link between the individual subunits of the extracellular decameric pentraxin 3 and the surrounding hyaluronan matrix (9). It also provides structure and organization to hyaluronan. This is accomplished by a TSG-6 mediated transfer of an 80 - 85 kDa protein subunit from I alpha I (inter-alpha -inhibitor) to HA. I alpha I is a four-component, 225 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It contains a protease inhibitor subunit (bikunin), two independent, accompaning protein chains (HC1 and HC2), and a short chondroitin sulfate linking moiety. TSG-6 is a catalyst for the removal and transient binding of either HC chain. Each chain is subsequently transferred and covalently-linked to the surrounding HA. This provides substance and reinforcement to the ECM (1, 2, 10, 11, 12). This disassembly of I alpha I also leads to free bikunin, which in the “free” state becomes a potent inhibitor of serine proteases (8).

1. Milner, C.M. et al. (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34:446.
2. Milner, C.M. and A.J. Day (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:1863.
3. Wisnieewski, H-G. and J. Vilcek (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:129.
4. Blundell, C.D. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:18189.
5. Fulop, C. et al. (1997) Gene 202:95.
6. Fulop, C. et al. (2003) Development 130:2253.
7. Kohda, D. et al. (1996) Cell 86:767.
8. Forteza, R. et al. (2007) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36:20.
9. Salustri, A. et al. (2003) Development 131:1577.
10. Rugg, M.S. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:25674.
11. Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:7661.
12. Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:11936.

Publications for TSG-6 (2326-TS)(9)

Publications using 2326-TS

• C Di Santo, D La Russa, R Greco, A Persico, AM Zanaboni, G Bagetta, D Amantea Characterization of the Involvement of Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6) in Ischemic Brain Injury Caused by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mouse International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-03-18;24(6):. 2023-03-18 [PMID: 36982872] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• MGA Broeren, I Di Ceglie, MB Bennink, PLEM van Lent, WB van den Be, MI Koenders, EN Blaney Dav, PM van der Kr, FAJ van de Loo Treatment of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis with a viral vector encoding TSG-6 results in ectopic bone formation PeerJ, 2018-05-30;6(0):e4771. 2018-05-30 [PMID: 29868252] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Endotoxin free hyaluronan and hyaluronan fragments do not stimulate TNF-?, interleukin-12 or upregulate co-stimulatory molecules in dendritic cells or macrophages Sci Rep, 2016-11-21;6(0):36928. 2016-11-21 [PMID: 27869206] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Abbadi A, Lauer M, Swaidani S, Wang A, Hascall V Hyaluronan Rafts on Airway Epithelial Cells. J Biol Chem, 2015-11-24;291(3):1448-55. 2015-11-24 [PMID: 26601955] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Torihashi S, Ho M, Kawakubo Y, Komatsu K, Nagai M, Hirayama Y, Kawabata Y, Takenaka-Ninagawa N, Wanachewin O, Zhuo L, Kimata K Acute and temporal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated gene 6 product, TSG6, in mesenchymal stem cells creates microenvironments required for their successful transplantation into muscle tissue. J Biol Chem, 2015-07-15;290(37):22771-81. 2015-07-15 [PMID: 26178374] (In Vivo, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Fujita R, Tamai K, Aikawa E, Nimura K, Ishino S, Kikuchi Y, Kaneda Y Endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow are required to preserve muscle function in mdx mice. Stem Cells, 2015-03-01;33(3):962-75. 2015-03-01 [PMID: 25408548] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Liu Y, Zhang R, Yan K, Chen F, Huang W, Lv B, Sun C, Xu L, Li F, Jiang X Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses of BV2 microglial cells through TSG-6. J Neuroinflammation, 2014-08-04;11(0):135. 2014-08-04 [PMID: 25088370] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Wang N, Li Q, Zhang L, Lin H, Hu J, Li D, Shi S, Cui S, Zhou J, Ji J, Wan J, Cai G, Chen X Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate peritoneal injury through secretion of TSG-6. PLoS ONE, 2012-08-17;7(8):e43768. 2012-08-17 [PMID: 22912904] (In Vivo, Rat)
• Tuo J, Cao X, Shen D, Wang Y, Zhang J, Oh JY, Prockop DJ, Chan CC Anti-inflammatory recombinant TSG-6 stabilizes the progression of focal retinal degeneration in a murine model. J Neuroinflammation, 2012-03-27;9(0):59. 2012-03-27 [PMID: 22452753] (In Vivo, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Tnfaip6
• Uniprot:
  • O08859()