Recombinant Human IL-9 Protein

Product Discontinued

Recombinant Human IL-9 Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MO7e human megakaryocytic leukemic cells. Avanzi, G. et al. (1988) Br. J. Haematol. 69:359. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1‑0.6 ng/mL.
• Source: Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived human IL-9 protein
  Gln19-Ile144
• Accession #: P15248
• N-terminal Sequence: No results obtained; Gln19 predicted
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: IL9
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 14.1 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: Multiple bands between 16-25 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human IL-9 Protein

• Cytokine P40
• HP40
• IL9
• IL-9
• IL-9homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor 40
• interleukin 9
• interleukin-9
• p40 cytokine
• p40 T-cell and mast cell growth factor
• P40
• T-cell growth factor P40

Background

Interleukin-9 (IL-9), also known as P40 and MEA (mast cell growth-enhancing activity), is a 30-40 kDa glycosylated member of a cytokine family that includes Interleukins-2, -4, -7, -15, and -21. These proteins utilize heteromeric receptors containing the Common gamma chain ( gamma c) in addition to ligand-specific subunits. IL-9 interacts selectively with IL-9 R which then associates with gamma c to form the functional receptor complex. IL-9 contributes to allergic inflammation, autoimmunity-induced inflammation, parasite clearance from the GI tract, and Treg-mediated immune suppression (1, 2). It enhances the expansion and recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils as well as the production of IgE and Th2 cytokines (3‑6). It is required for anaphylactic responses to ingested allergens but not to systemic allergens (7). IL-9 plays multiple roles in the development and function of subsets within the CD4⁺ T cell lineage (8). It is expressed by activated Th9, Th17, Treg, and Th2 cells (3, 9‑12). IL-9 acts as an autocrine growth and activation factor for Th17, Treg, and mast cells (3, 11, 13). It also can inhibit immune responses by enhancing the suppressive properties of Treg and by recruiting immune-suppressive mast cells to sites of inflammation (11, 12). Mature human IL-9 shares 57% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-9 (14, 15).

1. Noelle, R.J. and E.C. Nowak (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10:683.
2. Goswami, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2011) J. Immunol. 186:3283.
3. Nowak, E.C. et al. (2009) J. Exp. Med. 206:1653.
4. Townsend, M.J. et al. (2000) Immunity 13:573.
5. Leech, M.D. and R.K. Grencis (2006) J. Immunol. 176:2505.
6. Fawaz, L.M. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:1208.
7. Osterfeld, H. et al. (2010) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 125:469.
8. Jabeen, R. and M.H. Kaplan (2012) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24:303.
9. Tan, C. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6795.
10. Jager, A. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:7169.
11. Elyaman, W. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:12885.
12. Lu, L.-F. et al. (2006) Nature 442:997.
13. Stassen, M. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:5549.
14. Yang, Y.-C. et al. (1989) Blood 74:1880.
15. Renauld, J.-C. et al. (1990) Cytokine 2:9.

Publications for IL-9 (209-IL)(10)

Publications using 209-IL

• P Pavlidis, A Tsakmaki, A Treveil, K Li, D Cozzetto, F Yang, U Niazi, BH Hayee, M Saqi, J Friedman, T Korcsmaros, G Bewick, N Powell Cytokine responsive networks in human colonic epithelial organoids unveil a molecular classification of inflammatory bowel disease Cell Reports, 2022-09-27;40(13):111439. 2022-09-27 [PMID: 36170836] (Bioassay, Human)
• Z Peng, S Jiang, M Wu, X Zhou, Q Wang Expression and role of interleukin-9 in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease Mol. Vis., 2017-07-31;23(0):538-547. 2017-07-31 [PMID: 28761327] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Ding, ML Fishel, AM Reed, E McAdams, M Czader, AA Cardoso, MR Kelley Ref-1/APE1 as Transcriptional Regulator and Novel Therapeutic Target in Pediatric T-cell Leukemia Mol. Cancer Ther., 2017-04-26;0(0):. 2017-04-26 [PMID: 28446640] (Bioassay, Human)
• Liu J, Harberts E, Tammaro A, Girardi N, Filler R, Fishelevich R, Temann A, Licona-Limon P, Girardi M, Flavell R, Gaspari A IL-9 regulates allergen-specific Th1 responses in allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol, 2014-01-31;134(7):1903-11. 2014-01-31 [PMID: 24487305] (Bioassay, Human)
• Zhang J, Shan L, Koussih L, Redhu NS, Halayko AJ, Chakir J, Gounni AS Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) expression in allergic asthmatic airways: role in airway smooth muscle migration and chemokine production. PLoS ONE, 2012-04-18;7(4):e34965. 2012-04-18 [PMID: 22529962] (Bioassay, Human)
• Nielsen N, Odum N, Urso B, Lanier LL, Spee P Cytotoxicity of CD56(bright) NK cells towards autologous activated CD4+ T cells is mediated through NKG2D, LFA-1 and TRAIL and dampened via CD94/NKG2A. PLoS ONE, 2012-02-22;7(2):e31959. 2012-02-22 [PMID: 22384114] (Bioassay, Human)
• Qiu L, Lai R, Lin Q, Lau E, Thomazy DM, Calame D, Ford RJ, Kwak LW, Kirken RA, Amin HM Autocrine release of interleukin-9 promotes Jak3-dependent survival of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells. Blood, 2006-06-08;108(7):2407-15. 2006-06-08 [PMID: 16763206] (Bioassay, Human)
• Fujitsu Y, Fukuda K, Kimura K, Seki K, Kumagai N, Nishida T Protection of human conjunctival fibroblasts from NO-induced apoptosis by interleukin-4 or interleukin-13. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2005-03-01;46(3):797-802. 2005-03-01 [PMID: 15728533] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kao CY, Chen Y, Thai P, Wachi S, Huang F, Kim C, Harper RW, Wu R IL-17 markedly up-regulates beta-defensin-2 expression in human airway epithelium via JAK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. J. Immunol., 2004-09-01;173(5):3482-91. 2004-09-01 [PMID: 15322213] (Bioassay, Human)
• Vermeer PD, Harson R, Einwalter LA, Moninger T Interleukin-9 induces goblet cell hyperplasia during repair of human airway epithelia. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2003-03-01;28(3):286-95. 2003-03-01 [PMID: 12594054] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL9
• Uniprot:
  • P15248()