Recombinant Human FGF-21 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human FGF-21 (Catalog # 2539-FG/CF) stimulates cell proliferation of the BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with human FGF RIIIc. The ED50 for this effect is 0.06-0.4 μg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho beta (Catalog # 2619-KB).

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human FGF-21 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 24 kDa.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human FGF-21 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human FGF RIIIc. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.06-0.4 µg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho beta (Catalog # 2619-KB).
• Source: E. coli-derived human FGF-21 protein
  His29-Ser209, with a N-terminal 5-His tag
• Accession #: Q9NSA1
• N-terminal Sequence: His
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: FGF21
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 20.2 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 24 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MES, Na₂SO₄, EDTA and DTT.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human FGF-21 Protein, CF

• FGF21
• FGF-21
• fibroblast growth factor 21

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which currently contains 22 human members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as an FGF19 subfamily member. This subfamily includes FGF-19, -21, and -23. Like all other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members contain a 120 amino acid (aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a beta -trefoil structure (1, 2). Unlike other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members apparently exhibit poor binding to ECM, resulting in highly diffusible molecules (3). The c-DNA for FGF-21 predicts a 209 aa polypeptide that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and a 181 aa mature region (4). Notably, FGF-21, as well as FGF-19 show limited binding to heparin (4). One potential alternate splice form has been reported. It shows a 43 aa substitution for the C-terminal 12 aa of the standard form (5). Mature human FGF-21 shows 81% aa identity to mouse FGF-21, and is known to be active on mouse cells (4, 6). The FGF-19 subfamily is considered endocrine in nature. All three subfamily members impact some aspect of metabolism, all three are induced by a nuclear receptor heterodimer that includes RXR, and all three utilize Klotho family members for signal transduction (7, 8, 9). FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex (3, 7, 10, 11). This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following the ingestion of a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet. Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta -hydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for TCA processing and energy generation (11, 12).

1. Itoh, N. and D.M. Ornitz (2004) Trends Genet. 20:563.
2. Mohammadi, M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:107.
3. Huang, X. et al. (2006) Mol. Carcinog. 45:934.
4. Nishimura, T. et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492:203.
5. GenBank Accession #: EAW52401 (2006).
6. Ford, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Clin. Invest. 115:1627.
7. Moore, D. D. (2007) Science 316:1436.
8. Ogawa, Y. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:7432.
9. Kurosu, H. et. al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:26687.
10. Lundasen, T. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:437.
11. Badman, M.K. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:426.
12. Inagaki, T. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:415.

Publications for FGF-21 (2539-FG/CF)(7)

Publications using 2539-FG/CF

• C Yanucil, D Kentrup, X Li, A Grabner, K Schramm, EC Martinez, J Li, I Campos, B Czaya, K Heitman, D Westbrook, AR Wende, A Sloan, JM Roche, A Fornoni, MS Kapiloff, C Faul FGF21-FGFR4 signaling in cardiac myocytes promotes concentric cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models of diabetes Scientific Reports, 2022-05-05;12(1):7326. 2022-05-05 [PMID: 35513431] (ELISA Capture, Human)
• M Kuroda, R Muramatsu, N Maedera, Y Koyama, M Hamaguchi, H Fujimura, M Yoshida, M Konishi, N Itoh, H Mochizuki, T Yamashita Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system J. Clin. Invest., 2017-08-21;0(0):. 2017-08-21 [PMID: 28825598] (Bioassay, Human)
• DR Dunshee, TW Bainbridge, NM Kljavin, J Zavala-Sol, AC Schroeder, R Chan, R Corpuz, M Wong, W Zhou, G Deshmukh, J Ly, DP Sutherlin, JA Ernst, J Sonoda Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 J. Biol. Chem, 2016-01-21;291(11):5986-96. 2016-01-21 [PMID: 26797127]
• Comps-Agrar L, Dunshee D, Eaton D, Sonoda J Unliganded fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 forms density-independent dimers. J Biol Chem, 2015-08-13;290(40):24166-77. 2015-08-13 [PMID: 26272615] (Bioassay, Human)
• Smith R Circulating alphaKlotho influences phosphate handling by controlling FGF23 production. J. Clin. Invest., 2012-11-26;122(12):4710-5. 2012-11-26 [PMID: 23187128] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wu AL, Coulter S, Liddle C, Wong A, Eastham-Anderson J, French DM, Peterson AS, Sonoda J FGF19 Regulates Cell Proliferation, Glucose and Bile Acid Metabolism via FGFR4-Dependent and Independent Pathways. PLoS ONE, 2011-03-18;6(3):e17868. 2011-03-18 [PMID: 21437243] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Tomlinson DC, Knowles MA Altered splicing of FGFR1 is associated with high tumor grade and stage and leads to increased sensitivity to FGF1 in bladder cancer. Am. J. Pathol., 2010-10-01;177(5):2379-86. 2010-10-01 [PMID: 20889570] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FGF21
• Uniprot:
  • Q9NSA1()