Recombinant Human CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CXCR4.

  The ED₅₀ for this effect is 4-24 ng/mL.

• Source: E. coli-derived human CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma protein
  

  L	Human CXCL12 (Lys22-Asn119) Accession # NP_001029058
  N-terminus	C-terminus

• Accession #: NP_001029058
• N-terminal Sequence: Leu-Lys22, Lys22 & Pro23
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CXCL12
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 11.6 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 14 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma Protein, CF

• CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma
• SDF1 gamma
• SDF1g

Background

Human CXCL12 is expressed as five isoforms that differ only in the C-terminal tail (1). The gamma  isoform of CXCL12, also known as SDF-1 gamma , is a 12 kDa, heparin-binding member of the CXC (or alpha) family of chemokines (2, 3). Mature SDF-1 molecules are not glycosylated and exhibit a typical three antiparallel beta -strand chemokine-like fold. N-terminal aa 1 ‑ 8 form a receptor binding site, while aa 1 and 2 (Lys‑Pro) are involved in receptor activation (4). All SDF-1 isoforms can undergo proteolytic processing of the first two N-terminal amino acids by CD26, which is thought to create a reduced‑activity chemokine (5). Human SDF-1 gamma is synthesized as a 119 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence and a 98 aa mature region (1). Mature human SDF-1 gamma shares 99%, 97% and 98% aa identity with mouse, rat, and equine SDF-1 gamma , respectively. The unique C‑terminal 26 aa of SDF-1 gamma  are highly charged, including four BBXB (where B = basic and X = any aa) motifs, while the most prevalent form, SDF-1 alpha , has 4 unique C‑terminal aa and binds heparin via the shared BBXB site more N‑terminally located (2, 6). The SDF‑1 gamma C‑terminus binds heparin in secreted SDF-1 gamma , or targets the isoform to the nucleolus in the absence of a signal sequence (6 ‑ 8). SDF-1 isoforms interact with CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors on the cell surface, and can also bind syndecan-4 (9 ‑ 12). SDF-1 alpha or beta are known to influence lymphopoiesis, enhance the survival of myeloid progenitor cells, regulate the patterning and cell number of neural progenitors, and promote angiogenesis (2). Of all SDF-1 isoforms, SDF-1 gamma is the most strongly attached to the cell surface via glycans, least likely to circulate, and most active in binding CXCR4 and blocking HIV entry to cells via CXCR4 (9, 13). Unlike other isoforms, it is constitutively expressed mainly in the heart or rodent brain, and is not expressed prenatally (14 ‑ 16).

1. Yu, L. et al. (2006) Gene 374:174.
2. Janowski, M. (2009) Cell Adh. Migr. 3:243.
3. Zlotnik, A. and O. Yoshie (2000) Immunity 12:121.
4. Crump, M.P. et al. (1997) EMBO J. 16:6996.
5. De La Luz Sierra, M. et al. (2004) Blood 103:2452.
6. Rueda, P. et al. (2007) PLoS ONE 7:e2543.
7. Laguri, C. et al. (2007) PLoS ONE 10:e1110.
8. Torres, R. and J.C. Ramirez (2009) PLoS ONE 10:e7570.
9. Altenburg, J.D. et al. (2010) J. Virol. 84:2563.
10. Balabanian, K. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:35760.
11. Levoye, A. et al. (2009) Blood 113:6085.
12. Charnaux, N. et al. (2005) FEBS J. 272:1937.
13. Altenburg, J.D. et al. (2007) J. Virol. 81:8140.
14. Gleichmann, M. et al. (2000) Eur. J. Neurosci. 12:1857.
15. Segret, A. et al. (2007) J. Histochem. Cytochem. 55:141.
16. Franco, D. et al. (2009) Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 292:891.

Publications for CXCL12/SDF-1 gamma (6448-SD/CF)(5)

Publications using 6448-SD/CF

• D Yi, B Liu, T Wang, Q Liao, MM Zhu, YY Zhao, Z Dai Endothelial Autocrine Signaling through CXCL12/CXCR4/FoxM1 Axis Contributes to Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-03-20;22(6):. 2021-03-20 [PMID: 33804745] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Kalxdorf, I Günthner, I Becher, N Kurzawa, S Knecht, MM Savitski, HC Eberl, M Bantscheff Cell surface thermal proteome profiling tracks perturbations and drug targets on the plasma membrane Nature methods, 2021-01-04;18(1):84-91. 2021-01-04 [PMID: 33398190] (Bioassay, Human)
• EF McNaughton, AD Eustace, S King, RB Sessions, A Kay, M Farris, R Broadbridg, O Kehoe, AJ Kungl, J Middleton Novel Anti-Inflammatory Peptides Based on Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions Reduce Leukocyte Migration and Disease Severity in a Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis J. Immunol., 2018-03-23;0(0):. 2018-03-23 [PMID: 29572348] (Bioassay, Human)
• Brusevold I, Tveteraas I, Aasrum M, Odegard J, Sandnes D, Christoffersen T Role of LPAR3, PKC and EGFR in LPA-induced cell migration in oral squamous carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer, 2014-06-13;14(0):432. 2014-06-13 [PMID: 24928086] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CXCL12
• Uniprot:
  • NP_001029058()