IL-31 Antibody [Unconjugated]

IL-31 was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with calcium ionomycin and PMA using Goat Anti-Human IL-31 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2824) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cell surfaces and cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: WB, B/N, ELISA(Cap), ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

IL-31 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: E. coli-derived recombinant human IL-31
  Ser24-Thr164
  Accession # Q6EBC2
• Specificity: Detects human IL‑31 in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse IL-31 is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: IL31
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.2-0.8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 1 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Human IL-31 Antibody (Catalog # AF2824)
  ELISA Detection: Human IL-31 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF2824)
  Standard: Recombinant Human IL-31 (Catalog # 2824-IL)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for IL-31 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• IL31
• IL-31
• IL-31interleukin-31
• interleukin 31

Background

Human Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a 24 kDa, short-chain member of the alpha -helical family of cytokines. The human IL-31 cDNA encodes a 164 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal peptide and a 141 aa mature protein (1, 2). The mature region shows four alpha -helices which would be expected to show a typical up‑up‑down‑down topology. Human and mouse IL-31 share 24% aa sequence identity in the mature region (1). IL-31 is mainly associated with activated T cells and preferentially expressed by Th2 rather than Th1 cells. IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a 120 kDa, gp130-related molecule termed IL‑31 RA (also GPL and GLM-R) and the 180 kDa oncostatin M receptor (OSM R beta ) (2‑6). In the complex, IL-31 directly binds to GPL, not OSM R (2, 3). IL-31 signaling has been shown to involve the Jak/STAT pathway, the PI3 kinase/AKT cascade, and the MAP kinase pathway (2‑5). Although multiple isoforms of IL-31 RA are known, only a form that contains the entire length of the cytoplasmic domain is signaling-capable (2, 3). The IL-31 receptor is constitutively expressed by keratinocytes and upregulated by IFN-gamma on monocytes (1). Studies using transgenic mice indicate that IL-31 may contribute to the pruritis (itching) associated with nonatopic dermatitis (1, 7).

1. Dillon, S.R. et al. (2004) Nat. Immunol. 5:752.
2. Diveu, C. et al. (2004) Eur. Cytokine Netw. 15:291.
3. Dreuw, A. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:36112.
4. Diveu, C. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:49850.
5. Ghilardi, N. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem 277:16831.
6. Mosley, B. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:32635.
7. Takaoka, A. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 516:180.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for IL-31 Antibody (AF2824)(2)

Publications using AF2824

• A Weigert, X Zheng, A Nenzel, K Turkowski, S Günther, E Strack, E Sirait-Fis, E Elwakeel, IM Kur, VS Nikam, C Valasaraja, H Winter, A Wissgott, R Voswinkel, F Grimminger, B Brüne, W Seeger, SS Pullamsett, R Savai Fibrocytes boost tumor-supportive phenotypic switches in the lung cancer niche via the endothelin system Nature Communications, 2022-10-14;13(1):6078. 2022-10-14 [PMID: 36241617] (Neutralization, Human)
• Xuyun Gu, Chen Wei, Xishan Zhu, Feiping Lu, Bo Sheng, Xuefeng Zang Effect of interleukin‑31 on septic shock through regulating inflammasomes and interleukin‑1 beta Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2018-05-17 [PMID: 29896237]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: IL31
• Uniprot:
  • Q6EBC2()