Human FGF-21 Quantikine ELISA Kit

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: ELISA
• Conjugate: HRP

Human FGF-21 Quantikine ELISA Kit Summary

• Background: The Quantikine Human FGF-21 Immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure human FGF-21 in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains E. coli-expressed recombinant human FGF-21 and has been shown to accurately quantitate the recombinant factor. Results obtained using natural human FGF-21 showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obt...ained using the Quantikine kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for naturally occurring human FGF-21.
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• Specificity: Natural and recombinant human FGF-21
• Source: N/A
• Assay Type: Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
• Inter-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Intra-Assay: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Spike Recovery: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Sample Volume: See PDF Datasheet for details
• Gene: FGF21

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA
• Application Notes: No significant interference observed with available related molecules.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Human FGF-21 Quantikine ELISA Kit

• FGF21
• FGF-21
• fibroblast growth factor 21

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which contains 22 mammalian members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as a member of the FGF-19 subfamily, which also includes FGF-19 and FGF-23 (1-4). FGF family members contain a 120 amino acid (aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a beta -trefoil structure. FGF-19 subfamily members, unlike other FGFs, lack one strand of the beta -trefoil and bind poorly to extracellular matrix molecules such as heparin (3). They are consequently more diffusible than other FGFs and are considered endocrine rather than paracrine (1-4). All three subfamily members impact some aspect of metabolism; all three are induced by a nuclear receptor heterodimer that includes RXR (retinoid X receptor), and all three bind FGF receptors (FGF R) indirectly through co-receptors of the klotho family (5-9). FGF-21 binds to beta -Klotho via its C-terminal sequence. This binding, along with amino acids at the N-terminus, is required for signaling through FGF R (7, 8). FGF-21 is selective for FGF R1 isoform 1c, with varying reports of using isoforms 2c or 3c (10-12). Presence of the required klotho and FGF R family members determines tissue specificity of FGF-19 subfamily members, and thus concentrates FGF-21 activity within adipose tissue (3, 9-11). Mature human FGF-21 shares 81% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat FGF-21. 

FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation of a PPAR alpha /RXR dimeric complex (4, 13-15). This situation occurs during starvation, diabetic ketosis, or following the ingestion of a high-fat/low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet (5, 14-16). Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach the hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA (16). The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta -hydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for energy generation (5, 15, 16). FGF-21 production is also induced upon differentiation of human or mouse fibroblasts to adipocytes (17, 18). In adipose tissue, FGF-21 induces glucose uptake by signaling in synergy with PPAR gamma to increase production of the glucose transporter, GLUT1 (10, 12, 19). 

FGF-21 production follows a circadian pattern in mice (20). It diffuses across the blood-brain barrier and this may facilitate induction of a state of torpor, or decreased activity, in response to increased FGF-21 (16, 21). These characteristics appear to induce a hibernation-like state during fasting and short days in winter (22). In diet-induced obese mice and mouse models of diabetes such as db/db and ob/ob, administration or transgenic overexpression of FGF-21 restores circulating glucose and triglyceride values to near normal and increases insulin sensitivity (5, 6, 14, 23, 24). In some of these states and in human obesity and type II diabetes, FGF-21 is already elevated prior to treatment, suggesting that resistance to FGF-21 is possible (17, 25, 26). Although FGF-21 administration corrects obesity in mice, it is unclear whether the same benefit would be seen in humans (2, 3, 17, 26-28).

⚠ WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including N,N-Dimethylforamide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Publications for FGF-21 (DF2100)(55)

Publications using DF2100

• Liu, L;Ito, M;Sakai, S;Liu, J;Ohta, K;Saito, K;Nakashima, K;Satoh, S;Konno, A;Suzuki, T; FGF21 upregulation by hepatitis C virus via the eIF2?-ATF4 pathway: implications for interferon signaling suppression and TRIM31-mediated TSC degradation Frontiers in microbiology 2024-08-15 [PMID: 39211324] (Human)
• Ribeiro, RV;Senior, AM;Simpson, SJ;Tan, J;Raubenheimer, D;Le Couteur, D;Macia, L;Holmes, A;Eberhard, J;O'Sullivan, J;Koay, YC;Kanjrawi, A;Yang, J;Kim, T;Gosby, A; Rapid benefits in older age from transition to whole food diet regardless of protein source or fat to carbohydrate ratio: Arandomised control trial Aging cell 2024-07-16 [PMID: 39011855] (Human)
• Christidis, G;Küppers, F;Karatayli, SC;Karatayli, E;Weber, SN;Lammert, F;Krawczyk, M; Skin advanced glycation end-products as indicators of the metabolic profile in diabetes mellitus: correlations with glycemic control, liver phenotypes and metabolic biomarkers BMC endocrine disorders 2024-03-05 [PMID: 38443880] (Human)
• Shchelochkov, OA;Farmer, CA;Chlebowski, C;Adedipe, D;Ferry, S;Manoli, I;Pass, A;McCoy, S;Van Ryzin, C;Sloan, J;Thurm, A;Venditti, CP; Intellectual disability and autism in propionic acidemia: a biomarker-behavioral investigation implicating dysregulated mitochondrial biology Molecular psychiatry 2024-01-11 [PMID: 38200289] (Human)
• Biagi, F;Carlomagno, F;Carbone, M;Veralli, R;Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U;Riva, E;Manfrini, S;Tuccinardi, D;De Santis, A;Gnessi, L;Watanabe, M; Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker of Liver Status upon Viral Eradication Metabolites 2023-10-30 [PMID: 37999215] (Human)
• Goralska, J;Razny, U;Gruca, A;Zdzienicka, A;Micek, A;Dembinska-Kiec, A;Solnica, B;Malczewska-Malec, M; Plasma Cytokeratin-18 Fragment Level Reflects the Metabolic Phenotype in Obesity Biomolecules 2023-04-14 [PMID: 37189422] (Human)
• JY Sun, LJ Du, XR Shi, YY Zhang, Y Liu, YL Wang, BY Chen, T Liu, H Zhu, Y Liu, CC Ruan, Z Gan, H Ying, Z Yin, PJ Gao, X Yan, RG Li, SZ Duan An IL-6/STAT3/MR/FGF21 axis mediates heart-liver cross-talk after myocardial infarction Science Advances, 2023-04-05;9(14):eade4110. 2023-04-05 [PMID: 37018396] (Human)
• M Kim, H Zhang, T Kim, Y Mori, T Okura, K Tanaka, T Isobe, T Sakae, S Oh Novel Approach for Glycemic Management Incorporating Vibration Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle in Obesity International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023-03-07;20(6):. 2023-03-07 [PMID: 36981616] (Human)
• P Branco, R Calça, AR Martins, C Mateus, MJ Jervis, DP Gomes, S Azeredo-Lo, AF De Melo Ju, C Sousa, E Civantos, S Mas-Fontao, A Gaspar, S Ramos, J Morello, F Nolasco, A Rodrigues, SA Pereira Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane, Molecular Indicators of Aging and Frailty Unveil Vulnerable Patients in Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023-03-06;24(5):. 2023-03-06 [PMID: 36902451] (Human)
• L Gu, W Jiang, W Jiang, Z Xu, W Li, H Zhang Elevated serum FGF21 levels predict heart failure during hospitalization of STEMI patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention PeerJ, 2023-02-06;11(0):e14855. 2023-02-06 [PMID: 36778154] (Human)
• S Sydor, C Dandyk, J Schwerdt, P Manka, D Benndorf, T Lehmann, K Schallert, M Wolf, U Reichl, A Canbay, LP Bechmann, R Heyer Discovering Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients with and without Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Fecal Metaproteomics International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-08-09;23(16):. 2022-08-09 [PMID: 36012106] (Human)
• JD Buell-Acos, MF Garces, AJ Parada-Bañ, E Angel-Mull, MC Paez, J Eslava-Sch, F Escobar-Co, SA Caminos-Ce, E Lacunza, JP Castaño, R Nogueiras, C Dieguez, AI Ruiz-Parra, JE Caminos Maternal Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Decrease during Early Pregnancy in Normotensive Pregnant Women but Are Higher in Preeclamptic Women-A Longitudinal Study Cells, 2022-07-21;11(14):. 2022-07-21 [PMID: 35883694] (Human)
• K Ngono Ayis, J Gorwood, L Le Pelleti, C Bourgeois, C Beaupère, M Auclair, R Foresti, R Motterlini, M Atlan, A Barrail-Tr, R Le Grand, D Desjardins, B Fève, O Lambotte, J Capeau, V Béréziat, C Lagathu Inhibition of Adipose Tissue Beiging by HIV Integrase Inhibitors, Dolutegravir and Bictegravir, Is Associated with Adipocyte Hypertrophy, Hypoxia, Elevated Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance in Simian Adipose Tissue and Human Adipocytes Cells, 2022-06-04;11(11):. 2022-06-04 [PMID: 35681536] (Human)
• K Miniewska, K Maliszewsk, K Pietrowska, J Godzie?, ? ?abieniec, M Mojsak, A Kr?towski, M Ciborowski PET/MRI-Evaluated Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue via Cold Exposure Impacts Lipid Metabolism Metabolites, 2022-05-19;12(5):. 2022-05-19 [PMID: 35629960] (Human)
• YS Cha, JS Chang, H Kim, KS Park Application of Mitochondrial and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Evaluation of Neurocognitive Prognosis Following Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Metabolites, 2022-02-24;12(3):. 2022-02-24 [PMID: 35323645] (Human)
• JY Guo, HH Chen, WJ Lee, SC Chen, SD Lee, CY Chen Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Regulation in Obese Diabetics, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Gastric Bypass Nutrients, 2022-02-02;14(3):. 2022-02-02 [PMID: 35277004] (Human)
• P Manka, S Sydor, JM Schänzer-O, M Brandenbur, J Best, R Vilchez-Va, A Link, D Heider, S Brodesser, A Figge, A Jähnert, JD Coombes, FJ Cubero, A Kahraman, MS Kim, J Kälsch, S Kinner, KN Faber, H Moshage, G Gerken, WK Syn, A Canbay, LP Bechmann A Potential Role for Bile Acid Signaling in Celiac Disease-Associated Fatty Liver Metabolites, 2022-01-30;12(2):. 2022-01-30 [PMID: 35208205] (Human)
• H Taniguchi, S Nirengi, K Ishihara, N Sakane Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 with diabetic complications and insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus PLoS ONE, 2022-02-22;17(2):e0263774. 2022-02-22 [PMID: 35192641] (Human)
• JR Herrmann, EL Fink, A Fabio, AK Au, RP Berger, K Janesko-Fe, RSB Clark, PM Kochanek, TC Jackson Serum levels of the cold stress hormones FGF21 and GDF-15 after cardiac arrest in infants and children enrolled in single center therapeutic hypothermia clinical trials Resuscitation, 2021-11-22;0(0):. 2021-11-22 [PMID: 34822938] (Human)
• K Nakanishi, C Ishibashi, S Ide, R Yamamoto, M Nishida, I Nagatomo, T Moriyama, K Yamauchi-T Serum FGF21 levels are altered by various factors including lifestyle behaviors in male subjects Scientific Reports, 2021-11-19;11(1):22632. 2021-11-19 [PMID: 34799626] (Human)
• C Kang, Q Qiao, Q Tong, Q Bai, C Huang, R Fan, H Wang, K Kaliannan, J Wang, J Xu Effects of exenatide on urinary albumin in overweight/obese patients with T2DM: a randomized clinical trial Scientific Reports, 2021-10-08;11(1):20062. 2021-10-08 [PMID: 34625598] (Human)
• N Vrachnis, S Argyridis, D Vrachnis, N Antonakopo, G Valsamakis, C Iavazzo, D Zygouris, N Salakos, A Rodolakis, N Vlahos, G Mastorakos, P Drakakis, Z Iliodromit Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Concentration in Early Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid and Its Association with Fetal Growth Metabolites, 2021-08-28;11(9):. 2021-08-28 [PMID: 34564397] (Human)
• M Alonso, C Zabala, S Mansilla, L De Brun, J Martínez, M Garau, G Rivas, C Acosta, D Lens, A Cerisola, M Graña, H Naya, R Puentes, L Spangenber, V Raggio, A Lemes, L Castro, C Quijano Blood cell respiration rates and mtDNA copy number: A promising tool for the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease Mitochondrion, 2021-09-16;61(0):31-43. 2021-09-16 [PMID: 34536563] (Human)
• F Hoel, A Hoel, IK Pettersen, IG Rekeland, K Risa, K Alme, K Sørland, A Fosså, K Lien, I Herder, HL Thürmer, ME Gotaas, C Schäfer, RK Berge, K Sommerfelt, HP Marti, O Dahl, O Mella, Ø Fluge, KJ Tronstad A map of metabolic phenotypes in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome JCI Insight, 2021-08-23;6(16):. 2021-08-23 [PMID: 34423789] (Human)
• Y Tsuchiya, K Goto Myokine secretion following moderate-intensity endurance exercise under different environmental temperatures Cytokine, 2021-05-29;144(0):155553. 2021-05-29 [PMID: 34062449] (Human)
• M Koz?owska, J Kortas, M ?ychowska, J Antosiewic, K ?uczek, S Perego, G Lombardi, E Ziemann Beneficial effects of whole-body cryotherapy on glucose homeostasis and amino acid profile are associated with a reduced myostatin serum concentration Scientific Reports, 2021-03-29;11(1):7097. 2021-03-29 [PMID: 33782504] (Human)
• A Dvo?ák, K Pospíšilov, K Žížalová, N Capková, L Muchová, M Vecka, N Vrzá?ková, J K?ížová, J Zelenka, L Vítek The Effects of Bilirubin and Lumirubin on Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Markers Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021-03-04;12(0):567001. 2021-03-04 [PMID: 33746746] (Human)
• T P?atek, A Polus, J Góralska, U Ra?ny, A Dziewo?ska, A Micek, A Dembi?ska-, B Solnica, M Malczewska Epigenetic Regulation of Processes Related to High Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obese Subjects Genes, 2021-02-21;12(2):. 2021-02-21 [PMID: 33670024] (Human)
• JA Levine, C Oleaga, M Eren, AP Amaral, M Shang, E Lux, SS Khan, SJ Shah, Y Omura, N Pamir, J Hay, G Barish, T Miyata, H Tavori, S Fazio, DE Vaughan Role of PAI-1 in hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia Scientific Reports, 2021-01-11;11(1):430. 2021-01-11 [PMID: 33432099] (Human)
• Y Oikawa, R Izumi, M Koide, Y Hagiwara, M Kanzaki, N Suzuki, K Kikuchi, T Matsuhashi, Y Akiyama, M Ichijo, S Watanabe, T Toyohara, T Suzuki, E Mishima, Y Akiyama, Y Ogata, C Suzuki, H Hayashi, EN Kodama, KI Hayashi, E Itoi, M Aoki, S Kure, T Abe Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying sporadic inclusion body myositis is ameliorated by the mitochondrial homing drug MA-5 PLoS ONE, 2020-12-02;15(12):e0231064. 2020-12-02 [PMID: 33264289] (Human)
• S Iwanaga, R Hashida, Y Takano, M Bekki, D Nakano, M Omoto, T Nago, T Kawaguchi, H Matsuse, T Torimura, N Shiba Hybrid Training System Improves Insulin Resistance in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2020-09-01;252(1):23-32. 2020-09-01 [PMID: 32863329] (Human)
• C Dominguez-, C Badosa, M Madruga-Ga, I Martí, C Paradas, C Ortez, J Diaz-Maner, A Berardo, J Alonso-Pér, S Trifunov, D Cuadras, SG Kalko, C Blázquez-B, Y Cámara, R Martí, F Mavillard, MA Martin, J Montoya, E Ruiz-Pesin, J Villarroya, R Montero, F Villarroya, R Artuch, M Hirano, A Nascimento, C Jimenez-Ma Growth Differentiation Factor 15 is a potential biomarker of therapeutic response for TK2 deficient myopathy Sci Rep, 2020-06-22;10(1):10111. 2020-06-22 [PMID: 32572108] (Human)
• T Sarabhai, S Kahl, J Szendroedi, DF Markgraf, OP Zaharia, C Barosa, C Herder, F Wickrath, P Bobrov, JH Hwang, JG Jones, M Roden Monounsaturated fat rapidly induces hepatic gluconeogenesis and whole-body insulin resistance JCI Insight, 2020-05-21;5(10):. 2020-05-21 [PMID: 32434996] (Human)
• T Olsen, B Øvrebø, N Haj-Yasein, S Lee, K Svendsen, M Hjorth, NE Bastani, F Norheim, CA Drevon, H Refsum, KJ Vinknes Effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on plasma biomarkers, serum fibroblast growth factor 21, and adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight or obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study J Transl Med, 2020-03-11;18(1):122. 2020-03-11 [PMID: 32160926] (Human)
• J Góralska, U Ra?ny, A Polus, A Dziewo?ska, A Gruca, A Zdzienicka, A Dembi?ska-, B Solnica, A Micek, M Kapusta, K S?owi?ska-, M Malczewska Enhanced GIP Secretion in Obesity Is Associated with Biochemical Alteration and miRNA Contribution to the Development of Liver Steatosis Nutrients, 2020-02-13;12(2):. 2020-02-13 [PMID: 32069846] (Human)
• H Yamakage, M Tanaka, T Inoue, S Odori, T Kusakabe, N Satoh-Asah Effects of dapagliflozin on the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and myokines and muscle mass in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial J Diabetes Investig, 2019-12-10;0(0):. 2019-12-10 [PMID: 31721467] (Human)
• Z He, Y Tian, PL Valenzuela, C Huang, J Zhao, P Hong, Z He, S Yin, A Lucia Myokine/Adipokine Response to "Aerobic" Exercise: Is It Just a Matter of Exercise Load? Front Physiol, 2019-05-29;10(0):691. 2019-05-29 [PMID: 31191366] (Human)
• X Li, Y Hong, H He, G Jiang, W You, X Liang, Q Fu, S Han, Q Lian, Y Zhang FGF21 Mediates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence via Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2019-04-17;2019(0):4915149. 2019-04-17 [PMID: 31178962] (Human)
• J Liu, K Yang, J Yang, W Xiao, Y Le, F Yu, L Gu, S Lang, Q Tian, T Jin, R Wei, T Hong Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in attenuating hepatic glucose output EBioMedicine, 2019-03-01;0(0):. 2019-03-01 [PMID: 30827929] (Human)
• Z He, Y Tian, PL Valenzuela, C Huang, J Zhao, P Hong, Z He, S Yin, A Lucia Myokine Response to High-Intensity Interval vs. Resistance Exercise: An Individual Approach Front Physiol, 2018-12-03;9(0):1735. 2018-12-03 [PMID: 30559681] (Human)
• J Jaworska, K Micielska, M Koz?owska, K Wnorowski, J Skrobecki, L Radzimi?sk, A Babi?ska, E Rodziewicz, G Lombardi, E Ziemann A 2-Week Specific Volleyball Training Supported by the Whole Body Cryostimulation Protocol Induced an Increase of Growth Factors and Counteracted Deterioration of Physical Performance Front Physiol, 2018-11-28;9(0):1711. 2018-11-28 [PMID: 30555349] (Human)
• J Cheng, X Su, L Qiao, C Zhai, W Chen Circulating level of fibroblast growth factor 21 is independently associated with the risks of unstable angina pectoris Biosci. Rep., 2018-09-25;0(0):. 2018-09-25 [PMID: 30185439] (Human)
• S Søberg, ES Andersen, NB Dalgaard, I Jarlhelt, NL Hansen, N Hoffmann, T Vilsbøll, A Chenchar, M Jensen, TJ Grevengoed, SAJ Trammell, FK Knop, MP Gillum FGF21, a liver hormone that inhibits alcohol intake in mice, increases in human circulation after acute alcohol ingestion and sustained binge drinking at Oktoberfest Mol Metab, 2018-03-27;0(0):. 2018-03-27 [PMID: 29627377] (Human)
• FJK Toloza, JO Mantilla-R, MC Pérez-Mato, ML Ricardo-Si, MC Morales-Al, JA Pinzón-Cor, M Pérez-Mayo, ML Arévalo-Ga, G Tolosa-Gon, CO Mendivil Plasma Levels of Myonectin But Not Myostatin or Fibroblast-Derived Growth Factor 21 Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adult Humans without Diabetes Mellitus Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018-01-31;9(0):5. 2018-01-31 [PMID: 29445355] (Human)
• X Yuan, K Tsujimoto, K Hashimoto, K Kawahori, N Hanzawa, M Hamaguchi, T Seki, M Nawa, T Ehara, Y Kitamura, I Hatada, M Konishi, N Itoh, Y Nakagawa, H Shimano, T Takai-Igar, Y Kamei, Y Ogawa Epigenetic modulation of Fgf21 in the perinatal mouse liver ameliorates diet-induced obesity in adulthood Nat Commun, 2018-02-12;9(1):636. 2018-02-12 [PMID: 29434210] (Mouse)
• BN Desai, G Singhal, M Watanabe, D Stevanovic, T Lundasen, FM Fisher, ML Mather, HG Vardeh, N Douris, AC Adams, IA Nasser, GA FitzGerald, JS Flier, C Skarke, E Maratos-Fl Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is robustly induced by ethanol and has a protective role in ethanol associated liver injury Mol Metab, 2017-08-19;6(11):1395-1406. 2017-08-19 [PMID: 29107287] (Human)
• T Matsuhashi, T Sato, SI Kanno, T Suzuki, A Matsuo, Y Oba, M Kikusato, E Ogasawara, T Kudo, K Suzuki, O Ohara, H Shimbo, F Nanto, H Yamaguchi, D Saigusa, Y Mukaiyama, A Watabe, K Kikuchi, H Shima, E Mishima, Y Akiyama, Y Oikawa, HO Hsin-Jung, Y Akiyama, C Suzuki, M Uematsu, M Ogata, N Kumagai, M Toyomizu, A Hozawa, N Mano, Y Owada, S Aiba, T Yanagisawa, Y Tomioka, S Kure, S Ito, K Nakada, KI Hayashi, H Osaka, T Abe Mitochonic Acid 5 (MA-5) Facilitates ATP Synthase Oligomerization and Cell Survival in Various Mitochondrial Diseases EBioMedicine, 2017-05-13;0(0):. 2017-05-13 [PMID: 28579242] (Human)
• C Tezze, V Romanello, MA Desbats, GP Fadini, M Albiero, G Favaro, S Ciciliot, ME Soriano, V Morbidoni, C Cerqua, S Loefler, H Kern, C Franceschi, S Salvioli, M Conte, B Blaauw, S Zampieri, L Salviati, L Scorrano, M Sandri Age-Associated Loss of OPA1 in Muscle Impacts Muscle Mass, Metabolic Homeostasis, Systemic Inflammation, and Epithelial Senescence Cell Metab., 2017-05-25;0(0):. 2017-05-25 [PMID: 28552492] (Human)
• C Alban, E Fatale, A Joulani, P Ilin, A Saada The Relationship between Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Activities in Muscle and Metabolites in Plasma and Urine: A Retrospective Study J Clin Med, 2017-03-10;6(3):. 2017-03-10 [PMID: 28287425] (Human)
• AM Lundsgaard, AM Fritzen, KA Sj?berg, LS Myrmel, L Madsen, JF Wojtaszews, EA Richter, B Kiens Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates Mol Metab, 2016-11-16;6(1):22-29. 2016-11-16 [PMID: 28123934] (Human)
• Raised FGF-21 and Triglycerides Accompany Increased Energy Intake Driven by Protein Leverage in Lean, Healthy Individuals: A Randomised Trial PLoS ONE, 2016-08-18;11(8):e0161003. 2016-08-18 [PMID: 27536869] (Human)
• Jong-Gil Park CREBH-FGF21 axis improves hepatic steatosis by suppressing adipose tissue lipolysis Sci Rep, 2016-06-15;6(0):27938. 2016-06-15 [PMID: 27301791] (Mouse)
• Foo J, Aronis K, Chamberland J, Mantzoros C Lack of Day/Night variation in fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in young healthy men. Int J Obes (Lond), 2014-12-26;39(6):945-8. 2014-12-26 [PMID: 25540981] (Human)
• Wang D, Zhu W, Li J, An C, Wang Z Serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: association with insulin resistance, adiponectin, and polycystic ovary syndrome history. PLoS ONE, 2013-11-19;8(11):e81190. 2013-11-19 [PMID: 24260557] (Human)
• Besse-Patin , A, Montastier , E, Vinel , C, Castan-Laurell , I, Louche , K, Dray , C, Daviaud , D, Mir , L, Marques , M-A, Thalamas , C, Valet , P, Langin , D, Moro , C, Viguerie , N Effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle myokine expression in obese men: identification of apelin as a novel myokine. Int J Obes (Lond), 2013-08-27;38(5):707-13. 2013-08-27 [PMID: 23979219] (Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: FGF21