GITR/TNFRSF18 Antibody [Biotin]

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, ELISA(Det)
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Biotin
• Concentration: LYOPH

GITR/TNFRSF18 Antibody [Biotin] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse GITR/TNFRSF18
  Ser22-His153
  Accession # Q8C4K3
• Specificity: Detects mouse GITR/TNFRSF18 in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 5% cross‑reactivity with recombinant human GITR is observed and less than 0.2% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) 4-1BB, rmCD27, and rmLymphotoxin beta R is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: TNFRSF18
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair) 2-8 ug/mL
  • ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair) 0.1-0.4 ug/mL
  • ELISA Standard (Matched Pair)
  • Western Blot 0.1 ug/mL
• Application Notes: ELISA Capture: Mouse GITR/TNFRSF18 Antibody (Catalog # MAB524)
  ELISA Detection: Mouse GITR/TNFRSF18 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF524)
  Standard: Recombinant Mouse GITR/TNFRSF18 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 524-GR)
• Readout System:
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29367
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29370
  • Streptavidin Native Protein NBP2-29371

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for GITR/TNFRSF18 Antibody [Biotin]

• Activation-inducible TNFR family receptor
• AITR
• AITRTNF receptor superfamily activation-inducible protein
• CD357 antigen
• CD357
• GITR
• GITR-D
• GITRtumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18
• Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein
• TNFRSF18
• tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 18

Background

GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor; also named AITR) is a member of the co‑stimulatory subset of the TNF receptor superfamily (1, 2). In mouse, the GITR gene is composed of five exons and encodes multiple length isoforms that arise from alternate splicing. The “standard”, or first reported isoform is a type I transmembrane protein, 228 amino acids (aa) in length that contains a 19 aa signal sequence, a 134 aa extracellular region, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 54 aa cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular region contains four potential N-linked glycosylation sites plus three cysteine-rich pseudorepeats of about 40 aa each (3, 4). The extracellular regions of mouse and human are 57% aa identical. The cytoplasmic domain has a P-x-Q/E-E motif that is known to associate with TRAF2. This is a common characteristic of TNFRSF members with co‑stimulatory functions (4). Three other mouse GITR isoforms (B, C and D) have been reported (5). All share the same N-terminal 101 of 134 aa in the extracellular region (including pseudorepeats #1, #2 and one-half of #3). Isoform D diverges at aa #101 and continues for another 12 aa for a total length of 113 aa. This is a naturally-occurring soluble form. Isoforms B and C show splicing in their cytoplasmic tails that creates cytoplasmic domains of 118 aa and 46 aa, respectively. In both the B and C isoforms, the TRAF2 binding site is spliced out, with a p56^lck binding site inserted in isoform B (4). Given its membership in the TNFRSF, it likely functions as a trimer on the cell surface (2). GITR is predominantly expressed on CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) and naïve CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ CD25^- T cells, where its expression is up-regulated after antigen-driven activation. GITR activation provides co‑stimulatory signals for activated CD4⁺ CD25- T cells to enhance cell proliferation and augment cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma ). On CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Treg cells, GITR activation provides co‑stimulatory signals to induce proliferation, setting Treg cells in an active/hyperproliferactive state (6‑8).

1. Kwon, B. et al. (2003) Exp. Mol. Med. 35:8. 
2. Croft, M. (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:609. 
3. Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.
4. Nocentini, G. et al. (2000) DNA Cell Biol. 19:205. 
5. Nocentini, G. et al. (2000) Cell Death Differ. 7:408.
6. Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:15059.
7. Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
8. Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) 173:5008.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for GITR/TNFRSF18 Antibody (BAF524)(5)

Publications using BAF524

• Zheng SG, Wang J, Wang P, Gray JD, Horwitz DA IL-2 is essential for TGF-beta to convert naive CD4+CD25- cells to CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and for expansion of these cells. J. Immunol., 2007-02-15;178(4):2018-27. 2007-02-15 [PMID: 17277105] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• La Cava A, Ebling FM, Hahn BH Ig-reactive CD4+CD25+ T cells from tolerized (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F1 mice suppress in vitro production of antibodies to DNA. J. Immunol., 2004-09-01;173(5):3542-8. 2004-09-01 [PMID: 15322219] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Stephanie J. Muriglan, Teresa Ramirez-Montagut, Onder Alpdogan, Thomas W. van Huystee, Jeffrey M. Eng, Vanessa M. Hubbard et al. GITR activation induces an opposite effect on alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in graft-versus-host disease The Journal of Experimental Medicine 7/19/2004 [PMID: 15249593]
• Stephanie J. Muriglan, Teresa Ramirez-Montagut, Onder Alpdogan, Thomas W. van Huystee, Jeffrey M. Eng, Vanessa M. Hubbard et al. GITR activation induces an opposite effect on alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in graft-versus-host disease The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2004-07-19 [PMID: 15249593] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse, Transgenic Mouse)
• Chen TC, Cobbold SP, Fairchild PJ, Waldmann H Generation of anergic and regulatory T cells following prolonged exposure to a harmless antigen. J. Immunol., 2004-05-15;172(10):5900-7. 2004-05-15 [PMID: 15128770] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TNFRSF18
• Uniprot:
  • Q8C4K3()