CS Citrate Synthase Antibody (1081813) [Unconjugated]

CS Citrate Synthase was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human liver cancer using Mouse Anti-Human CS Citrate Synthase Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB11583) at 5 µg/ml for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Mouse IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC001). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using VisUCyte Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # VCTS021). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to the cytoplasm. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC
• Clone: 1081813
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

CS Citrate Synthase Antibody (1081813) [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Synthetic Peptide
  Accession # O75390
• Specificity: Detects a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near amino acid 400 of human CS protein in Direct ELISA.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 3-25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute lyophilized material at 0.2 mg/ml in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for CS Citrate Synthase Antibody (1081813) [Unconjugated]

• citrate (Si)-synthase
• citrate synthase
• citrate synthase, mitochondrial
• CS Citrate Synthase
• EC 2.3.3
• EC 2.3.3.1

Background

Citrate Synthase (CS) is a 52kDa enzyme found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metabolism. This enzyme is the first step of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and is found in the mitochondrial matrix.  Citrate Synthase is commonly used as a marker for the presence of intact mitochondria. Loss of CS facilitates cytosolic glycolysis and results in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor malignancy.

1. Wiegand G, Remington SJ. Citrate synthase: structure, control, and mechanism. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem. 1986;15:97-117. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.15.060186.000525. PMID: 3013232. 
2. Gillen JB, Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Skelly LE, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. Twelve Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Health Similar to Traditional Endurance Training despite a Five-Fold Lower Exercise Volume and Time Commitment. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 26;11(4):e0154075. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154075. PMID: 27115137; PMCID: PMC4846072. 
3. Zhou L, Ou S, Liang T, Li M, Xiao P, Cheng J, Zhou J, Yuan L. MAEL facilitates metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer progression by promoting the degradation of citrate synthase and fumarate hydratase via chaperone-mediated autophagy. FEBS J. 2023 Jul;290(14):3614-3628. doi: 10.1111/febs.16768. Epub 2023 Mar 12. PMID: 36866961.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Uniprot:
  • O75390(Human)