CD163 Antibody (MSVA-163M)

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: IHC
• Clone: MSVA-163M
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Conjugate: Unconjugated

CD163 Antibody (MSVA-163M) Summary

• Description:

  This antibody is highly specific and optimized for use in Immunohistochemistry.

  It has been validated on TMAs covering 76 normal tissues and numerous cancer tissues.

  The antibody concentration is optimized for dilution within dilution range using commercially available antibody diluent for immunohistochemistry.

  Positive Control
  Postive control:A moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining of macrophages should be seen in the interfollicular zones of the tonsil, lamina propria of the appendix and in the Kupffer cells of the liver (see images). Macrophages surrounding the vessels in brain specimens should stain positive, while microglial cells should not show CD163 staining..

  Negative Control
  Negitve control:CD163 staining should not be seen in hepatocytes and in epithelial cells of the appendix and tonsil.

  Storage
  Antibody can be stored at 4degC. For extended storage, aliquot and store at -20degC. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

• Immunogen: Recombinant fragment of human CD163 protein (around aa 43-196) (exact sequence is proprietary) Swissprot Q86V7
• Localization: Membranous and cytoplasmic
• Isotype: IgG2b Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: CD163
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:100 – 1:200
• Application Notes: Manual Protocol: Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121C in pH 7,8 Target Retrieval Solution buffer. Apply the antibody at a dilution of 1:150 at 37C for 60 minutes. Visualization of bound antibody by the EnVision Kit (Dako, Agilent) according to the manufacturer's directions.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C.
• Buffer: 10mM PBS
• Preservative: <0.1% Sodium Azide
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Alternate Names for CD163 Antibody (MSVA-163M)

• CD_antigen: CD163
• CD163 molecule
• CD163
• GHI/61
• HbSR
• Hemoglobin scavenger receptor
• M130
• macrophage-associated antigen
• MM130
• RM3/1
• SCARI1
• scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130
• sCD163
• Soluble CD163

Background

CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163), also known by several other names including M130, p155, RM3/1, Ki-M8, Ber-MAC3, SM4, and GHI/61, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) super family class B (1-3). CD163 is expressed specifically on the monocyte/macrophage lineage and has a theoretical molecular weight of 130-160 kDa in reducing conditions and 110 kDa in non-reducing conditions (2 - 6). CD163 is synthesized as 1076 amino acid (aa) protein consisting of a large extracellular domain (ECD) with nine SRCR domains, proline-serine-threonine rich (PST) linker domain, a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic tail which has varying lengths depending on the isoform due to alternative splicing, with the short 49 aa form being the most common (1-3, 6).

One of the primary functions of CD163 is uptake of haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) complexes from the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, ultimately triggering an anti-inflammatory response (3, 5, 7). CD163 also functions as an erythroblast adhesion receptor and promotes cell maturation and survival (3, 5, 7). Furthermore, CD163 functions in immune sensing of bacteria and as a receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) (3, 5, 7). As mentioned above, CD163 is expressed on cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage and, in general, anti-inflammatory signals including glucocorticoids, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 stimulate CD163 synthesis and expression while, conversely, pro-inflammatory signals such as interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), TNF-alpha, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) downregulate CD163 (3, 5). In addition to membrane-bound form of CD163, the protein can be cleaved by metalloproteinases (MMP) and induced by LPS or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to release a soluble form (sCD163) into the plasma (7). Increased levels of sCD163 in the plasma and an increased number of CD163-expressing macrophages at the site of inflammation are associated with a variety of pathologies (3, 5-7). CD163/sCD163 is often increased and a suitable clinical marker for inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Gaucher disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and Crohn's disease (3, 5-7).

Alternative names for CD163 includes GHI/61, HbSR, Hemoglobin scavenger receptor, M130, macrophage-associated antigen, MM130, RM3/1, SCARI1, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130, sCD163, and soluble CD163.

References

1. Law, S. K., Micklem, K. J., Shaw, J. M., Zhang, X. P., Dong, Y., Willis, A. C., & Mason, D. Y. (1993). A new macrophage differentiation antigen which is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily. European journal of immunology. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.1830230940

2. Onofre, G., Kolackova, M., Jankovicova, K., & Krejsek, J. (2009). Scavenger receptor CD163 and its biological functions. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove).

3. Van Gorp, H., Delputte, P. L., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2010). Scavenger receptor CD163, a Jack-of-all-trades and potential target for cell-directed therapy. Molecular immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2010.02.008

4. Sulahian, T. H., Hogger, P., Wahner, A. E., Wardwell, K., Goulding, N. J., Sorg, C., Droste, A., Stehling, M., Wallace, P. K., Morganelli, P. M., & Guyre, P. M. (2000). Human monocytes express CD163, which is upregulated by IL-10 and identical to p155. Cytokine. https://doi.org/10.1006/cyto.2000.0720

5. Etzerodt, A., & Moestrup, S. K. (2013). CD163 and inflammation: biological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. Antioxidants & redox signaling. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.4834

6. Skytthe, M. K., Graversen, J. H., & Moestrup, S. K. (2020). Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(15), 5497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155497

7. Moller H. J. (2012). Soluble CD163. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2011.626868

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CD163