Cathepsin D Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysate of mouse intestine tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Mouse Cathepsin D Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1029) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for Cathepsin D at approximately 28 and 45 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Cathepsin D was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse intestine using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Mouse Cathepsin D Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1029) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counter­stained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific labeling was localized to epithelial cells in intestinal villi. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

Cathepsin D was detected in immersion fixed RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line using Goat Anti-Mouse Cathepsin D Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1029) at 5 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to lysosomes. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips.

• Reactivity: Mu
• Applications: WB, IHC, IP, ICC/IF
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

Cathepsin D Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse Cathepsin D
  Ile21-Leu410
  Accession # Q3UCD9
• Specificity: Detects mouse Cathepsin D in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: CTSD
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Immunoprecipitation 25 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Cathepsin D Antibody [Unconjugated]

• cathepsin D (lysosomal aspartyl protease)
• Cathepsin D
• CPSD
• CTSD
• EC 3.4.23
• EC 3.4.23.5
• lysosomal aspartyl peptidase
• lysosomal aspartyl protease
• MGC2311
• neuronal 10

Background

Cathepsin D is a lysosomal aspartic protease of the pepsin family (4). Mouse Cathepsin D is synthesized as a precursor protein, consisting of a signal peptide (residues 1-20), a propeptide (residues 21-64), and a mature chain (residues 65-410) (1-3). It is expressed in most cells and over-expressed in breast cancer cells (5). It is a major enzyme in protein degradation in lysosomes, and also involved in the presentation of antigenic peptides. Mice deficient in this enzyme showed a progressive atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, a massive destruction of lymphoid organs, and a profound neuronal ceroid lipofucinosis, indicating that Cathepsin D is essential for proteolysis of proteins regulating cell growth and tissue homeostasis (6). Cathepsin D secreted from human prostate carcinoma cells is responsible for the generation of angiostatin, a potent endogeneous inhibitor of angiogenesis (6).

1. Diedrich, et al. (1990) Nucl. Acid Res. 18:7184.
2. Grusby, et al. (1990) Nucl. Acid Res. 18:4008. 
3. Hetman, et al. (1994) DNA Cell Biol. 13:419.
4. Conner, (2004) in Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes (Barrett, et al. eds) Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, p. 43.
5. Rochefort, et al. (2000) Clin. Chim. Acta. 291:157.
6. Tsukuba, et al. (2000) Mol. Cells 10:601.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for Cathepsin D Antibody (AF1029)(26)

Publications using AF1029

• E Ratto, SR Chowdhury, NS Siefert, M Schneider, M Wittmann, D Helm, W Palm Direct control of lysosomal catabolic activity by mTORC1 through regulation of V-ATPase assembly Nature Communications, 2022;13(1):4848. 2022 [PMID: 35977928] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• MN Santos, DH Paushter, T Zhang, X Wu, T Feng, J Lou, H Du, SM Becker, R Fragoza, H Yu, F Hu Progranulin-derived granulin E and lysosome membrane protein CD68 interact to reciprocally regulate their protein homeostasis The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022;0(0):102348. 2022 [PMID: 35933009] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• H Jung, SY Lee, S Lim, HR Choi, Y Choi, M Kim, S Kim, Y Lee, KH Han, WS Chung, CH Kim Anti-inflammatory clearance of amyloid-beta by a chimeric Gas6 fusion protein Nature Medicine, 2022;0(0):. 2022 [PMID: 35927581] (IHC, Mouse)
• F Barutta, S Bellini, S Kimura, K Hase, B Corbetta, A Corbelli, F Fiordaliso, S Bruno, L Biancone, A Barreca, MG Papotti, E Hirsh, M Martini, R Gambino, M Durazzo, H Ohno, G Gruden Protective effect of the tunneling nanotube-TNFAIP2/M-sec system on podocyte autophagy in diabetic nephropathy Autophagy, 2022;0(0):1-20. 2022 [PMID: 35659195] (ICC, Mouse)
• A Skopál, T Kéki, PÁ Tóth, B Csóka, B Koscsó, ZH Német, L Antonioli, A Ivessa, F Ciruela, L Virág, G Haskó, E Kókai Cathepsin D interacts with adenosine A2A receptors in mouse macrophages to modulate cell surface localization and inflammatory signaling The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022;0(0):101888. 2022 [PMID: 35367412] (Immunoprecipitation, Mouse)
• K Uehara, M Koyanagi-A, T Koide, T Itoh, T Aoi Epithelial-derived factors induce muscularis mucosa of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids Stem Cell Reports, 2022;0(0):. 2022 [PMID: 35245440] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• K Takahashi, S Nakamura, W Otsu, M Shimazawa, H Hara Progranulin deficiency in Iba-1+ myeloid cells exacerbates choroidal neovascularization by perturbation of lysosomal function and abnormal inflammation Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2021;18(1):164. 2021 [PMID: 34304733] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• SE Davis, JR Roth, Q Aljabi, AR Hakim, KE Savell, JJ Day, AE Arrant Delivering progranulin to neuronal lysosomes protects against excitotoxicity The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2021;0(0):100993. 2021 [PMID: 34298019] (ICC, Mouse)
• J Frew, HB Nygaard Neuropathological and behavioral characterization of aged Grn R493X progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia knockin mice Acta neuropathologica communications, 2021;9(1):57. 2021 [PMID: 33795008] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• JH Lee, JY Kim, S Noh, H Lee, SY Lee, JY Mun, H Park, WS Chung Astrocytes phagocytose adult hippocampal synapses for circuit homeostasis Nature, 2020;0(0):. 2020 [PMID: 33361813] (IHC, Mouse)
• S Ketterer, J Mitschke, A Ketscher, M Schlimpert, W Reichardt, N Baeuerle, ME Hess, P Metzger, M Boerries, C Peters, B Kammerer, T Brummer, F Steinberg, T Reinheckel Cathepsin D deficiency in mammary epithelium transiently stalls breast cancer by interference with mTORC1 signaling Nat Commun, 2020;11(1):5133. 2020 [PMID: 33046706] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• M Huang, E Modeste, E Dammer, P Merino, G Taylor, DM Duong, Q Deng, CJ Holler, M Gearing, D Dickson, NT Seyfried, T Kukar Network analysis of the progranulin-deficient mouse brain proteome reveals pathogenic mechanisms shared in human frontotemporal dementia caused by GRN mutations Acta Neuropathol Commun, 2020;8(1):163. 2020 [PMID: 33028409] (IHC-P, Mouse)
• JG Li, J Chiu, M Ramanjulu, BE Blass, D Praticò A pharmacological chaperone improves memory by reducing A&beta and tau neuropathology in a mouse model with plaques and tangles Mol Neurodegener, 2020;15(1):1. 2020 [PMID: 31964406] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Q Shao, M Yang, C Liang, L Ma, W Zhang, Z Jiang, J Luo, JK Lee, C Liang, JF Chen C9orf72 and smcr8 mutant mice reveal MTORC1 activation due to impaired lysosomal degradation and exocytosis Autophagy, 2019;0(0):1-16. 2019 [PMID: 31847700] (ICC, Mouse)
• Y Atiskova, S Bartsch, T Danyukova, E Becker, C Hagel, S Storch, U Bartsch Mice deficient in the lysosomal enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) display a complex retinal phenotype Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):14185. 2019 [PMID: 31578378] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• A Kishimoto, S Kimura, J Nio-Kobaya, H Takahashi-, AM Park, T Iwanaga Histochemical characteristics of regressing vessels in the hyaloid vascular system of neonatal mice: Novel implication for vascular atrophy Exp. Eye Res., 2018;172(0):1-9. 2018 [PMID: 29596849] (IHC, Mouse)
• Plasma cathepsin D correlates with histological classifications of fatty liver disease in adults and responds to intervention Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):38278. 2016 [PMID: 27922112] (IHC, Human)
• Kenneth M Murphy RAB43 facilitates cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by CD8?+ dendritic cells J. Exp. Med., 2016;0(0):. 2016 [PMID: 27899443] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• A C9ORF72/SMCR8-containing complex regulates ULK1 and plays a dual role in autophagy Sci Adv, 2016;2(9):e1601167. 2016 [PMID: 27617292] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Jensen , Thomas B, Cheema , Muhammad, Szymiczek , Agata, Damkier , Helle Ha, Praetorius , Jeppe Renal type a intercalated cells contain albumin in organelles with aldosterone-regulated abundance. PLoS ONE, 2015;10(4):e0124902. 2015 [PMID: 25874770] (IHC, Mouse)
• Kern U, Wischnewski V, Biniossek M, Schilling O, Reinheckel T Lysosomal protein turnover contributes to the acquisition of TGFbeta-1 induced invasive properties of mammary cancer cells. Mol Cancer, 2015;14(0):39. 2015 [PMID: 25744631] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Lee J, Jin H, Park M, Kim B, Lee P, Nakauchi H, Carter J, He X, Schuchman E, Bae J Acid sphingomyelinase modulates the autophagic process by controlling lysosomal biogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. J Exp Med, 2014;211(8):1551-70. 2014 [PMID: 25049335] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Lai , N Chin, Gao , Mei Hua, Tang , Eric, Tang , Ruoying, Guo , Tracy, Dalton , Nancy D, Deng , Aihua, Tang , Tong Pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in the absence of interleukin 6 in mice. Lab Invest, 2012;92(11):1518-26. 2012 [PMID: 22825686] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Zeeuwen PL, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Cheng T The cystatin M/E-cathepsin L balance is essential for tissue homeostasis in epidermis, hair follicles, and cornea. FASEB J., 2010;24(10):3744-55. 2010 [PMID: 20495178] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Schahs P, Weidinger P, Probst OC, Svoboda B, Stadlmann J, Beug H, Waerner T, Mach L Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes is a bona fide lysosomal protein which undergoes proteolytic maturation during its biosynthesis. Exp. Cell Res., 2008;314(16):3036-47. 2008 [PMID: 18621046] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Uppington H, Menager N, Boross P, Wood J, Sheppard M, Verbeek S, Mastroeni P Effect of immune serum and role of individual Fcgamma receptors on the intracellular distribution and survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in murine macrophages. Immunology, 2006;119(2):147-58. 2006 [PMID: 16836651] (ICC, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CTSD
• Uniprot:
  • Q3UCD9()