alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4)

Product Discontinued

alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4) Summary

• Immunogen: This is a mouse monoclonal IgG2a antibody derived by fusion of Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with a peptide comprising the first 10 amino acids of alpha-smooth muscle actin with an acetylated N-terminus coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via the C-terminal cysteine (Ac-EEEDSTALVC).
• Marker: Mesenchymal Cell Marker
• Specificity: alpha-SM1 reacts exclusively with alpha-smooth muscle actin which is typical for vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells, but which is also present in myofibroblasts.
• Isotype: IgG2a
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: ACTA2
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • ELISA 1:100-1:2000
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen 1:1000-1:10000
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:1000-1:10000
  • Western Blot 1:10000-1:50000
• Application Notes: Optimal antibody dilution should be determined by titration; recommended range is 1:1000 - 1:10000 for Immunohistochemistry with avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (ABC) as detection reagent. Although not tested this antibody may work in immuno-electron microscopy.

Reactivity Notes

Protochordates, lower craniates, mammals including Sheep, Swine, Rat, Chicken, Goat, Rabbit, Mouse and Monkey

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
• Buffer: PBS
• Preservative: 0.09% Sodium Azide
• Concentration: 1 mg/ml
• Purity: Protein A or G purified

Alternate Names for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4)

• AAT6
• ACTA2
• Actin alpha 2
• actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
• actin, aortic smooth muscle
• ACTSA
• ACTVS
• alpha 2 actin
• alpha SMA
• alpha smooth muscle actin
• Alpha-actin-2
• alpha-SMA
• alphaSmooth Muscle Actin
• alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin
• a-sma
• Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein
• growth-inhibiting gene 46
• MYMY5
• SMA
• smooth muscle actin

Background

Actin proteins are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Actin and myosin are involved in a myriad of cellular processes including locomotion, secretion, cytoplasmic streaming, phagocytosis and cytokinesis. Actin filaments, along with microtubules, comprise a major component of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in regulating cell shape and movement. Actin has been found to be expressed in at least six isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, whereas beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility.

ACTA2 encodes alpha Smooth Muscle Actin and is also known as alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA). Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin is frequently used as a marker of smooth muscle differentiation and has a theoretical molecular weight of 42 kDa. Smooth muscle alpha actin is one of a few genes whose expression is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells that is used to study myofibroblasts and fibrosis (1). Excessive accumulation of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive (ACTA2+) activated myofibroblasts is observed in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2). Expression of smooth muscle alpha actin is regulated by cell proliferation and is altered in pathological conditions including atherosclerosis and is common in metastatic cancers (1,3).

References

1. Chakraborty, R., Saddouk, F. Z., Carrao, A. C., Krause, D. S., Greif, D. M., & Martin, K. A. (2019). Promoters to Study Vascular Smooth Muscle. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 39(4), 603-612. doi:10.1161/atvbaha.119.312449

2 .El Agha, E., Moiseenko, A., Kheirollahi, V., De Langhe, S., Crnkovic, S., Kwapiszewska, G., . . . Bellusci, S. (2017). Two-Way Conversion between Lipogenic and Myogenic Fibroblastic Phenotypes Marks the Progression and Resolution of Lung Fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell, 20(2), 261-273.e263. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.004

3. Chen, Y. C., Gonzalez, M. E., Burman, B., Zhao, X., Anwar, T., Tran, M., . . . Kleer, C. G. (2019). Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Engulfment Reveals Metastatic Advantage in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep, 27(13), 3916-3926.e3915. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.084

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (NBP1-97722)(2)

Publications using NBP1-97722

• Yang L, Han B, Zhang M et Al. Activation of BK Channels Prevents Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis Through the Suppression of TGF beta 1/SMAD3 and JAK/STAT3 Profibrotic Signaling Pathways Front Pharmacol 2020-03-06 [PMID: 32210801] (WB, Rat)
• Yamashita A, Zhao Y, Matsuura Y et al. Increased metabolite levels of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in rabbit atherosclerotic arteries and hypoxic macrophage. PLoS ONE 2014-01-27 [PMID: 24466087] (IHC-P, Rabbit)

FAQs for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (NBP1-97722). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. I do not see horse listed as a predicted or confirmed species. Would you be able to confirm if any of your alpha-SMA antibodies will react with equine samples?
   • We have not directly tested equine samples nor do we have cited publications that have tested equine samples. Since alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin is a highly conserved sequence, these antibodies should react with most mammal species.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ACTA2