alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4)

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alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4) Summary

• Immunogen: The N-terminal decapeptide of alpha-smooth muscle actin.
• Localization: Cytoplasmic
• Marker: Mesenchymal Cell Marker
• Specificity: This antibody is specific to ALPHA-smooth muscle isoform of actin. It reacts with smooth muscle cells of vessels and different parenchymes. This antibody does not cross-react with BETA and GAMMA-cytoplasmic, ALPHA-sarcomeric and ALPHA-myocardial actin isoforms
• Isotype: IgG2a Kappa
• Clonality: Monoclonal
• Host: Mouse
• Gene: ACTA2
• Purity: Tissue culture supernatant

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Frozen 1:10-1:500
  • Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin 1:10-1:500
  • Western Blot
• Application Notes: Use in IHC-F and ICC/IF was reported in the scientific literature (PMID: 23840612).Use in Western blot reported in scientific literature (PMID 24736615)

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Store at 4C. Do not freeze.
• Buffer: 20mM Tris-Borate and 0.15M NaCl
• Preservative: Sodium Azide
• Purity: Tissue culture supernatant

Alternate Names for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (1A4)

• AAT6
• ACTA2
• Actin alpha 2
• actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
• actin, aortic smooth muscle
• ACTSA
• ACTVS
• alpha 2 actin
• alpha SMA
• alpha smooth muscle actin
• alpha-actin-2
• alpha-SMA
• alphaSmooth Muscle Actin
• alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin
• a-sma
• Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein
• growth-inhibiting gene 46
• MYMY5
• SMA
• smooth muscle actin

Background

Actin proteins are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Actin and myosin are involved in a myriad of cellular processes including locomotion, secretion, cytoplasmic streaming, phagocytosis and cytokinesis. Actin filaments, along with microtubules, comprise a major component of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in regulating cell shape and movement. Actin has been found to be expressed in at least six isoforms, each encoded by a separate gene and expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, whereas beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility.

ACTA2 encodes alpha Smooth Muscle Actin and is also known as alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA). Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin is frequently used as a marker of smooth muscle differentiation and has a theoretical molecular weight of 42 kDa. Smooth muscle alpha actin is one of a few genes whose expression is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells that is used to study myofibroblasts and fibrosis (1). Excessive accumulation of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive (ACTA2+) activated myofibroblasts is observed in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2). Expression of smooth muscle alpha actin is regulated by cell proliferation and is altered in pathological conditions including atherosclerosis and is common in metastatic cancers (1,3).

References

1. Chakraborty, R., Saddouk, F. Z., Carrao, A. C., Krause, D. S., Greif, D. M., & Martin, K. A. (2019). Promoters to Study Vascular Smooth Muscle. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 39(4), 603-612. doi:10.1161/atvbaha.119.312449

2 .El Agha, E., Moiseenko, A., Kheirollahi, V., De Langhe, S., Crnkovic, S., Kwapiszewska, G., . . . Bellusci, S. (2017). Two-Way Conversion between Lipogenic and Myogenic Fibroblastic Phenotypes Marks the Progression and Resolution of Lung Fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell, 20(2), 261-273.e263. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.004

3. Chen, Y. C., Gonzalez, M. E., Burman, B., Zhao, X., Anwar, T., Tran, M., . . . Kleer, C. G. (2019). Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Engulfment Reveals Metastatic Advantage in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep, 27(13), 3916-3926.e3915. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.084

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (NB600-536)(9)

Publications using NB600-536

• Lee M, Kim H, Kwak I et al. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Postburn Scars following Treatment Using Dermal Substitutes Analytical Cellular Pathology 2022-02-25 [PMID: 35251908] (IHC-P)
• Tai Y, Zhao C, Gao J Et al. Identification of miRNA-target gene regulatory networks in liver fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis PeerJ 2021-08-06 [PMID: 34434654] (WB, ICC/IF, Human)
• Solari E, Marcozzi C, Bistoletti M et al. TRPV4 channels dominant role in the temperature modulation of intrinsic contractility and lymph flow of rat diaphragmatic lymphatics Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2020-07-24 [PMID: 32706268]
• Solari E, Marcozzi C, Bartolini B et al. Acute Exposure of Collecting Lymphatic Vessels to Low-Density Lipoproteins Increases Both Contraction Frequency and Lymph Flow: An In Vivo Mechanical Insight Lymphat Res Biol 2019-09-17 [PMID: 31526222]
• Baligar P, Mukherjee S, Kochat V et al. Molecular and Cellular Functions Distinguish Superior Therapeutic Efficiency of Bone Marrow CD45 Cells over Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Cirrhosis. Stem Cells 2015-09-21 [PMID: 26389810]
• Nobili V, Alisi A, Cutrera R et al. Altered gut-liver axis and hepatic adiponectin expression in OSAS: novel mediators of liver injury in paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver Thorax. 2015-06-11 [PMID: 26069285]
• Renga B, Francisci D, Schiaroli E et al. The HIV Matrix Protein p17 Promotes the Activation of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells through Interactions with CXCR2 and Syndecan-2. PLoS ONE 2014-04-16 [PMID: 24736615] (IHC-P, ICC/IF, WB, Human)
• Qu X, Zhu W, Huang S et al. Relative impact of uniaxial alignment vs. form-induced stress on differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells. Biomaterials. 2013-09-20 [PMID: 24060419] (ICC/IF, Human)
• Alisi A, Ceccarelli S, Panera N et al. Association between Serum Atypical Fibroblast Growth Factors 21 and 19 and Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2013-06-26 [PMID: 23840612] (ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, Human)

FAQs for alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Antibody (NB600-536). (Showing 1 - 1 of 1 FAQs).

1. I do not see horse listed as a predicted or confirmed species. Would you be able to confirm if any of your alpha-SMA antibodies will react with equine samples?
   • We have not directly tested equine samples nor do we have cited publications that have tested equine samples. Since alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin is a highly conserved sequence, these antibodies should react with most mammal species.

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: ACTA2
• Entrez:
  • 59(Human)
  • 287876(Rat)