AGER Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of human lung tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat RAGE Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1179) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for RAGE at approximately 50 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Western blot shows lysates of mouse lung tissue and rat lung tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat RAGE Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1179) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). Specific bands were detected for RAGE at approximately 40-50 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

RAGE was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of mouse brain using Goat Anti-Mouse/Rat RAGE Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1179) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to neurons. View our protocol for Fluorescent IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

RAGE contributes to maintenance of pulmonary mechanics and structure.Quantification of mean chord length (A) were performed by stereological analysis of alveolar parenchyma; n ≥ 4 per group. (B) Representative histology (hematoxylin and eosin staining) of ten months old WT and RAGE-/- mice; scale bars: 200μm. Respiratory system compliance (C) and respiratory system elastance (D) were determined in two, four and ten months old WT and RAGE-/- mice using invasive pulmonary function measurements; n ≥ 7 per group. (E) Concentration of serum protein albumin in BALF of two months old mice; n = 10. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *p 0.05; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 when compared between selected groups. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27761470), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

A RAGE mRNA expression was elevated in lungs from RAGE TG mice compared to WT controls in the absence of SHS exposure (p = 0.02). RAGE mRNA was significantly elevated in WT (p = 0.02) and RAGE TG mice (p = 0.03) following exposure to SHS compared to room air (RA) controls. Expression of RAGE transcripts were not detected in RAGE KO mice regardless of exposure. The mRNA was normalized to beta -actin (n = 6 mice per group) and representative data are shown. B Analysis of RAGE protein demonstrated that RAGE TG animals expressed significantly more RAGE protein compared to controls (p = 0.02). SHS exposure significantly increased RAGE protein expression in WT (p = 0.01) and RAGE TG mice (p = 0.04) compared to RA controls while RAGE KO animals had no expression. Blots were densitometrically normalized to beta -actin and representative blots were cropped and presented Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35473605), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: Hu, Mu, Rt
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

AGER Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse RAGE
  Gln24-Ala342
  Accession # O35444
• Specificity: Detects human, mouse, and rat RAGE in Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 2% cross-reactivity with recombinant canine RAGE is observed.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: Ager
• Purity Statement: Antigen Affinity-purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction
  • Immunohistochemistry 5-15 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.1-1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for AGER Antibody [Unconjugated]

• advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor
• AGER
• RAGE isoform delta
• RAGE isoform sRAGE-delta
• RAGE
• Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products
• receptor for advanced glycosylation end-products
• SCARJ1

Background

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are adducts formed by the non-enzymatic glycation or oxidation of macromolecules (1). AGE forms during aging and its formation is accelerated under pathophysiologic states such as diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, renal failure and immune/inflammatory disorders. Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endoproducts (RAGE), named for its ability to bind AGE, is a multiligand receptor belonging the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. Besides AGE, RAGE binds amyloid beta -peptide, S100/calgranulin family proteins, high mobility group B1 (HMGB1, also know as amphoterin) and leukocyte integrins (1, 2).

The mouse RAGE gene encodes a 403 amino acid (aa) residue type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a 22 aa signal peptide, a 319 aa extracellular domain containing a Ig-like V-type domain and two Ig-like Ce-type domains, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 41 aa cytoplasmic domain (3). The V-type domain and the cytoplasmic domain are important for ligand binding and for intracellular signaling, respectively. Two alternative splice variants, lacking the V-type domain or the cytoplasmic tail, are known (1, 4). RAGE is highly expressed in the embryonic central nervous system (5). In adult tissues, RAGE is expressed at low levels in multiple tissues including endothelial and smooth muscle cells, mononuclear phagocytes, pericytes, microglia, neurons, cardiac myocytes, and hepatocytes (6). The expression of RAGE is upregulated upon ligand interaction. Depending on the cellular context and interacting ligand, RAGE activation can trigger differential signaling pathways that affect divergent pathways of gene expression (1, 7). RAGE activation modulates varied essential cellular responses (including inflammation, immunity, proliferation, cellular adhesion, and migration) that contribute to cellular dysfunction associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, amyloidoses, and immune or inflammatory disorders (1).

1. Schmidt, A. et al. (2001) J. Clin. Invest. 108:949.
2. Chavakis, T. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:507.
3. Renard, C. et al. (1997) Mol. Pharmacol. 52:54.
4. Yonekura, H. et al. (2003) Biochem. J. 370:1097.
5. Hori, O. et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270:25752.
6. Brett, J. et al. (1993) Am. J. Pathol. 143:1699.
7. Valencia, J.V. et al. (2004) Diabetes 53:743.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for AGER Antibody (AF1179)(34)

Publications using AF1179

• C Monteiro, L Miarka, M Perea-Garc, N Priego, P García-Góm, L Álvaro-Esp, A de Pablos-, N Yebra, D Retana, P Baena, C Fustero-To, O Graña-Cast, K Troulé, E Caleiras, P Tezanos, P Muela, E Cintado, JL Trejo, JM Sepúlveda, P González-L, L Jiménez-Ro, LM Moreno, O Esteban, Á Pérez-Núñe, A Hernández-, J Mazarico G, I Ferrer, R Suárez, EM Garrido-Ma, L Paz-Ares, C Dalmasso, E Cohen-Jona, A Siegfried, A Hegarty, S Keelan, D Varešlija, LS Young, M Mohme, Y Goy, H Wikman, J Fernández-, G Blasco, L Alcázar, C Cabañuz, SI Grivenniko, A Ianus, N Shemesh, CC Faria, R Lee, P Lorigan, E Le Rhun, M Weller, R Soffietti, L Bertero, U Ricardi, J Bosch-Barr, E Sais, E Teixidor, A Hernández-, A Calvo, J Aristu, SM Martin, A Gonzalez, O Adler, N Erez, RENACER, M Valiente Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism Nature Medicine, 2022-04-11;28(4):752-765. 2022-04-11 [PMID: 35411077] (IHC, Human)
• M Li, CY Ong, CJ Langouët-A, L Tan, A Verma, Y Yang, X Zhang, DK Shah, EP Schmidt, D Xu Heparan sulfate-dependent RAGE oligomerization is indispensable for pathophysiological functions of RAGE Elife, 2022-02-09;11(0):. 2022-02-09 [PMID: 35137686] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• V Navel, J Malecaze, C Belville, H Choltus, F Henrioux, F Dutheil, F Malecaze, F Chiambaret, L Blanchon, V Sapin Dysregulation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Expression as a Biomarker of Keratoconus Disease Markers, 2022-01-15;2022(0):1543742. 1/15/2022 [PMID: 35075374]
• A Kitaura, T Nishinaka, S Hamasaki, OF Hatipoglu, H Wake, M Nishibori, S Mori, S Nakao, H Takahashi Advanced glycation end-products reduce lipopolysaccharide uptake by macrophages PLoS ONE, 2021-01-25;16(1):e0245957. 2021-01-25 [PMID: 33493233] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Nishioku T, Kubo T, Kamada T et al. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via downregulation of NFATc1 and suppression of HO-1-HMGB1-RAGE pathway Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan) 12/3/2020 [PMID: 33268671]
• Héléna Choltus, Marilyne Lavergne, Corinne Belville, Denis Gallot, Régine Minet-Quinard, Julie Durif et al. Occurrence of a RAGE-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Human Fetal Membranes Frontiers in Physiology 6/25/2020 [PMID: 32670078]
• Fan Zeng, Yicong Liu, Wanyi Huang, Hong Qing, Tomoko Kadowaki, Haruhiko Kashiwazaki et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products up‐regulation in cerebral endothelial cells mediates cerebrovascular‐related amyloid beta accumulation after Porphyromonas gingivalis infection Journal of Neurochemistry 8/1/2021 [PMID: 32441775]
• Fan Zeng, Yicong Liu, Wanyi Huang, Hong Qing, Tomoko Kadowaki, Haruhiko Kashiwazaki et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products up‐regulation in cerebral endothelial cells mediates cerebrovascular‐related amyloid beta accumulation after Porphyromonas gingivalis infection Journal of Neurochemistry 2021-08-01 [PMID: 32441775] (Immunocytochemistry, Human)
• Rachel Goldberg, Amichay Meirovitz, Alexia Abecassis, Esther Hermano, Ariel M. Rubinstein, Daniela Nahmias et al. Regulation of Heparanase in Diabetes-Associated Pancreatic Carcinoma Frontiers in Oncology 12/10/2019 [PMID: 31921662]
• Lili Zhou, Xiaowen Chen, Meizhi Lu, Qinyu Wu, Qian Yuan, Chengxiao Hu et al. Wnt/ beta -catenin links oxidative stress to podocyte injury and proteinuria Kidney International 4/1/2019 [PMID: 30770219]
• Lili Zhou, Xiaowen Chen, Meizhi Lu, Qinyu Wu, Qian Yuan, Chengxiao Hu et al. Wnt/ beta -catenin links oxidative stress to podocyte injury and proteinuria Kidney International 2019-04-01 [PMID: 30770219] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• KA Sanders, DA Delker, T Hueckstead, E Beck, T Wuren, Y Chen, Y Zhang, MW Hazel, JR Hoidal RAGE is a Critical Mediator of Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Alveolar Macrophage Activation and Emphysema in Response to Cigarette Smoke Sci Rep, 2019-01-18;9(1):231. 2019-01-18 [PMID: 30659203] (IHC-P, Western Blot, Mouse)
• S Hamasaki, T Kobori, Y Yamazaki, A Kitaura, A Niwa, T Nishinaka, M Nishibori, S Mori, S Nakao, H Takahashi Effects of scavenger receptors-1 class A stimulation on macrophage morphology and highly modified advanced glycation end product-protein phagocytosis Sci Rep, 2018-04-12;8(1):5901. 4/12/2018 [PMID: 29651042]
• Congwei Luo, Shan Zhou, Zhanmei Zhou, Yahong Liu, Li Yang, Jiafeng Liu et al. Wnt9a Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Accelerating Cellular Senescence in Tubular Epithelial Cells Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2018-04-01 [PMID: 29440280] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Congwei Luo, Shan Zhou, Zhanmei Zhou, Yahong Liu, Li Yang, Jiafeng Liu et al. Wnt9a Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Accelerating Cellular Senescence in Tubular Epithelial Cells Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4/1/2018 [PMID: 29440280]
• L Wolf, C Herr, J Niederstra, C Beisswenge, R Bals Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) maintains pulmonary structure and regulates the response to cigarette smoke PLoS ONE, 2017-07-05;12(7):e0180092. 2017-07-05 [PMID: 28678851] (IHC, Mouse)
• Zhong’e Zhou, Yong Tang, Xian Jin, Chengjun Chen, Yi Lu, Liang Liu et al. Metformin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophages Partly through AMPK Activation and RAGE/NF kappa B Pathway Suppression Journal of Diabetes Research 9/28/2016 [PMID: 27761470]
• Stimulatory effects of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on fibronectin matrix assembly Matrix Biol, 2016-07-15;0(0):. 7/15/2016 [PMID: 27425255]
• Hiroyuki Ito, Tokujiro Uchida, Koshi Makita Interactions between rat alveolar epithelial cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro co-culture model Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 12/1/2015 [PMID: 26215817]
• Xian Jin, Tongqing Yao, Zhong’e Zhou, Jian Zhu, Song Zhang, Wei Hu et al. Advanced Glycation End Products Enhance Macrophages Polarization into M1 Phenotype through Activating RAGE/NF-kappa B Pathway BioMed Research International 5/31/2015 [PMID: 26114112]
• Goury A, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Belmokhtar K, Vuiblet V, Ortillon J, Jaisson S, Devy J, Le Naour R, Tabary T, Cohen J, Schmidt A, Rieu P, Toure F Deletion of receptor for advanced glycation end products exacerbates lymphoproliferative syndrome and lupus nephritis in B6-MRL Fas lpr/j mice. J Immunol, 2015-03-11;194(8):3612-22. 2015-03-11 [PMID: 25762779] (Flow Cytometry, Mouse)
• Jan Mersmann, Franziska Iskandar, Kathrina Latsch, Katharina Habeck, Vera Sprunck, René Zimmermann et al. Attenuation of Myocardial Injury by HMGB1 Blockade during Ischemia/Reperfusion Is Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Mediators of Inflammation 2013-11-24 [PMID: 24371373] (Immunohistochemistry, Mouse)
• Jan Mersmann, Franziska Iskandar, Kathrina Latsch, Katharina Habeck, Vera Sprunck, René Zimmermann et al. Attenuation of Myocardial Injury by HMGB1 Blockade during Ischemia/Reperfusion Is Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Mediators of Inflammation 11/24/2013 [PMID: 24371373]
• Sade-Feldman M, Kanterman J, Ish-Shalom E, Elnekave M, Horwitz E, Baniyash M Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocks differentiation and enhances suppressive activity of immature myeloid cells during chronic inflammation. Immunity, 2013-03-07;38(3):541-54. 2013-03-07 [PMID: 23477736] (Neutralization, Western Blot, Mouse)
• Valente AJ, Yoshida T, Clark RA et al. Advanced oxidation protein products induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK signaling. Free Radic Biol Med. 7/1/2013 [PMID: 23453926]
• Weifei Zhu, Wei Li, Roy L. Silverstein Advanced glycation end products induce a prothrombotic phenotype in mice via interaction with platelet CD36 Blood 6/21/2012 [PMID: 22431576]
• Rashid Deane, Itender Singh, Abhay P. Sagare, Robert D. Bell, Nathan T. Ross, Barbra LaRue et al. A multimodal RAGE-specific inhibitor reduces amyloid beta –mediated brain disorder in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease Journal of Clinical Investigation 4/2/2012 [PMID: 22406537]
• Kagedan D, Lecker I, Batruch I Characterization of the seminal plasma proteome in men with prostatitis by mass spectrometry. Clin Proteomics, 2012-02-06;9(1):2. 2012-02-06 [PMID: 22309592] (IHC-P, Rabbit)
• Mallidis C, Czerwiec A, Filippi S, O'Neill J, Maggi M, McClure N Spermatogenic and sperm quality differences in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and hypogonadal hypogonadism. Reproduction, 2011-04-04;142(1):63-71. 2011-04-04 [PMID: 21464116] (IHC-P, Rabbit)
• Yamakawa N, Uchida T, Matthay MA, Makita K Proteolytic release of the receptor for advanced glycation end products from in vitro and in situ alveolar epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2011-01-21;300(4):L516-25. 2011-01-21 [PMID: 21257730] (ICC, Rat)
• Sakatani S, Seto-Ohshima A, Shinohara Y, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Itohara S, Hirase H Neural-activity-dependent release of S100B from astrocytes enhances kainate-induced gamma oscillations in vivo. J. Neurosci., 2008-10-22;28(43):10928-36. 2008-10-22 [PMID: 18945900] (Electrophysiology, Rat)
• Zhang SX, Miller JJ, Stolz DB, Serpero LD, Zhao W, Gozal D, Wang Y Type I epithelial cells are the main target of whole-body hypoxic preconditioning in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2008-09-05;40(3):332-9. 2008-09-05 [PMID: 18776132] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Harja E, Bu DX, Hudson BI, Chang JS, Shen X, Hallam K, Kalea AZ, Lu Y, Rosario RH, Oruganti S, Nikolla Z, Belov D, Lalla E, Ramasamy R, Yan SF, Schmidt AM Vascular and inflammatory stresses mediate atherosclerosis via RAGE and its ligands in apoE-/- mice. J. Clin. Invest., 2008-01-01;118(1):183-94. 2008-01-01 [PMID: 18079965] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Mitola S, Belleri M, Urbinati C, Coltrini D, Sparatore B, Pedrazzi M, Melloni E, Presta M Cutting edge: extracellular high mobility group box-1 protein is a proangiogenic cytokine. J. Immunol., 2006-01-01;176(1):12-5. 2006-01-01 [PMID: 16365390] (Neutralization, Chicken)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Ager
• Uniprot:
  • O35444()