TGF-beta Antibody [Unconjugated] - Pan Specific

Porcine TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 101-B1) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouseT cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL-4(7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of TGF-beta Pan Specific Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-100-NA). The ND50 range is 5-30 µg/mL.

TGF‑ beta was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human prostate tissue using Rabbit Anti-TGF‑ beta Pan Specific Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-100-NA) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Rabbit IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC003). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm in epitjhelial cells. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.

• Reactivity: All-Multi
• Applications: WB, IHC, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

TGF-beta Antibody [Unconjugated] - Pan Specific Summary

• Immunogen: Recombinant human TGF‑ beta 1, porcine platelet-derived TGF‑ beta 1.2, porcine platelet-derived TGF‑ beta 2, and recombinant amphibian TGF‑ beta 5
• Specificity: Detects TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 1.2, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Rabbit
• Gene: TGFB1
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Immunohistochemistry 3-15 ug/mL
  • Neutralization 5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 1 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 1 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TGF-beta Antibody [Unconjugated] - Pan Specific

• CED
• DPD1
• LAP
• TGFB
• TGFB1
• TGFbeta
• TGF-beta
• transforming growth factor beta 1

Background

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation. Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein. A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1. Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex. Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix. TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGF-beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross-species activity. TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for TGF-beta Antibody (AB-100-NA)(55)

Publications using AB-100-NA

• NM Kamal, MA Hamouda, N Abdelgawad Expression of TGF-beta and MMP-2 in hereditary gingival fibromatosis epithelial cells. A possible contribution of the epithelium to its pathogenesis Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research, 2022;12(5):617-622. 2022 [PMID: 35989975] (IHC, Human)
• J Gokavi, S Sadawarte, A Shelke, U Kulkarni-K, M Thakar, V Saxena Inhibition of miR-155 Promotes TGF-beta Mediated Suppression of HIV Release in the Cervical Epithelial Cells Viruses, 2021;13(11):. 2021 [PMID: 34835072] (Neutralization, Human)
• A Shi, J Li, X Qiu, M Sabbah, S Boroumand, TC Huang, C Zhao, A Terzic, A Behfar, SL Moran TGF-&amp;beta loaded exosome enhances ischemic wound healing in vitro and in vivo Theranostics, 2021;11(13):6616-6631. 2021 [PMID: 33995680] (Neutralization, Human)
• YE Choi, MJ Song, M Hara, K Imanaka-Yo, DH Lee, JH Chung, ST Lee Effects of Tenascin C on the Integrity of Extracellular Matrix and Skin Aging Int J Mol Sci, 2020;21(22):. 2020 [PMID: 33217999] (Neutralization, Human)
• L Panahipour, Z Kargarpour, M Laggner, M Mildner, HJ Ankersmit, R Gruber TGF-&amp;beta in the Secretome of Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Supports In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis Int J Mol Sci, 2020;21(22):. 2020 [PMID: 33202935] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• L Ji, T Wang, L Tian, H Song, M Gao Roxatidine inhibits fibrosis by inhibiting NF?kappaB and MAPK signaling in macrophages sensing breast implant surface materials Mol Med Rep, 2019;0(0):. 2019 [PMID: 31746427] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• R García-Roc, A Monroy-Gar, J Hernández-, B Weiss-Stei, V Gutiérrez-, M Del Carmen, LR Ávila-Ibar, CA Don-López, DB Torres-Pin, M de Lourdes Cervical cancer cells produce TGF-?1 through the CD73-adenosine pathway and maintain CD73 expression through the autocrine activity of TGF-?1 Cytokine, 2019;118(0):71-79. 2019 [PMID: 30301599] (Neutralization, Human)
• J Zheng, Y Mei, P Xiang, G Zhai, N Zhao, C Xu, M Liu, Z Pan, K Tang, D Jia DNA methylation affects metastasis of renal cancer and is associated with TGF-?/RUNX3 inhibition Cancer Cell Int., 2018;18(0):56. 2018 [PMID: 29651226] (Western Blot, Human)
• M Hulsmans, HB Sager, JD Roh, M Valero-Muñ, NE Houstis, Y Iwamoto, Y Sun, RM Wilson, G Wojtkiewic, B Tricot, MT Osborne, J Hung, C Vinegoni, K Naxerova, DE Sosnovik, MR Zile, AD Bradshaw, R Liao, A Tawakol, R Weissleder, A Rosenzweig, FK Swirski, F Sam, M Nahrendorf Cardiac macrophages promote diastolic dysfunction J. Exp. Med., 2018;0(0):. 2018 [PMID: 29339450] (Cell Culture, Mouse)
• J Xiao, K Yu, M Li, C Xiong, Y Wei, Q Zeng The IL-2/Anti-IL-2 Complex Attenuates Cardiac Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2017;44(5):1810-1827. 2017 [PMID: 29224017] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Ibrahim M, Scozzi D, Toth K, Ponti D, Kreisel D, Menna C, De Falco E, D'Andrilli A, Rendina E, Calogero A, Krupnick A, Gelman A Naive CD4(+) T Cells Carrying a TLR2 Agonist Overcome TGF-beta-Mediated Tumor Immune Evasion. J Immunol, 0;200(2):847-856. 0 [PMID: 29212908] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• OE Olsen, A Skjærvik, BF Størdal, A Sundan, T Holien TGF-? contamination of purified recombinant GDF15 PLoS ONE, 2017;12(11):e0187349. 2017 [PMID: 29161287] (Neutralization, Human)
• R Rouf, EG MacFarlane, E Takimoto, R Chaudhary, V Nagpal, PP Rainer, JG Bindman, EE Gerber, D Bedja, C Schiefer, KL Miller, G Zhu, L Myers, N Amat-Alarc, DI Lee, N Koitabashi, DP Judge, DA Kass, HC Dietz Nonmyocyte ERK1/2 signaling contributes to load-induced cardiomyopathy in Marfan mice JCI Insight, 2017;2(15):. 2017 [PMID: 28768908] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• N Selvamurug, Z He, D Rifkin, B Dabovic, NC Partridge Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Regulates MicroRNA 21 Expression to Activate TGF-? Signaling in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Enhance Osteoblast Differentiation Stem Cells Int, 2017;2017(0):2450327. 2017 [PMID: 28512472] (Neutralization, Human)
• Y Yang, H Liu, H Zhang, Q Ye, J Wang, B Yang, L Mao, W Zhu, RK Leak, B Xiao, B Lu, J Chen, X Hu ST2/IL-33-Dependent Microglial Response Limits Acute Ischemic Brain Injury J. Neurosci., 2017;0(0):. 2017 [PMID: 28389473] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• D Pozzer, M Favellato, M Bolis, RW Invernizzi, F Solagna, B Blaauw, E Zito Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidative Stress Triggers Tgf-Beta-Dependent Muscle Dysfunction by Accelerating Ascorbic Acid Turnover Sci Rep, 2017;7(0):40993. 2017 [PMID: 28106121] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• MXRA5 is a TGF-?1-regulated human protein with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties J Cell Mol Med, 2016;0(0):. 2016 [PMID: 27599751] (Neutralization, Human)
• Lymphatic vessels regulate immune microenvironments in human and murine melanoma J Clin Invest, 2016;0(0):. 2016 [PMID: 27525437] (Western Blot, Human)
• X Chen, DL Rateri, DA Howatt, A Balakrishn, JJ Moorleghen, LA Cassis, A Daugherty TGF-? Neutralization Enhances AngII-Induced Aortic Rupture and Aneurysm in Both Thoracic and Abdominal Regions PLoS ONE, 2016;11(4):e0153811. 2016 [PMID: 27104863] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Veltmann M, Hollborn M, Reichenbach A, Wiedemann P, Kohen L, Bringmann A Osmotic Induction of Angiogenic Growth Factor Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. PLoS ONE, 2016;11(1):e0147312. 2016 [PMID: 26800359] (Neutralization, Human)
• Angelucci C, Maulucci G, Colabianchi A, Iacopino F, D'Alessio A, Maiorana A, Palmieri V, Papi M, De Spirito M, Di Leone A, Masetti R, Sica G Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and paracrine diffusible signals have a major role in the promotion of breast cancer cell migration induced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Br J Cancer, 2015;112(10):1675-86. 2015 [PMID: 25880005] (Neutralization, Human)
• Gonzalez-Valdes I, Hidalgo I, Bujarrabal A, Lara-Pezzi E, Padron-Barthe L, Garcia-Pavia P, Gomez-del Arco P, Redondo J, Ruiz-Cabello J, Jimenez-Borreguero L, Enriquez J, de la Pompa J, Hidalgo A, Gonzalez S Bmi1 limits dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure by inhibiting cardiac senescence. Nat Commun, 2015;6(0):6473. 2015 [PMID: 25751743] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Zhang P, Lo A, Huang Y, Huang G, Liang G, Mott J, Karpen G, Blakely E, Bissell M, Barcellos-Hoff M, Snijders A, Mao J Identification of genetic loci that control mammary tumor susceptibility through the host microenvironment. Sci Rep, 2015;5(0):8919. 2015 [PMID: 25747469] (Blocking, Mouse)
• Bernard M, Dieude M, Yang B, Hamelin K, Underwood K, Hebert M Autophagy fosters myofibroblast differentiation through MTORC2 activation and downstream upregulation of CTGF. Autophagy, 2014;10(12):2193-207. 2014 [PMID: 25495560] (Neutralization, Human)
• Hou X, Song J, Su J, Huang D, Gao W, Yan J, Shen J CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs protect against innate immune cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis in mice. Mol Immunol, 2015;63(2):420-7. 2015 [PMID: 25315497] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Stahli A, Bosshardt D, Sculean A, Gruber R Emdogain-regulated gene expression in palatal fibroblasts requires TGF-betaRI kinase signaling. PLoS ONE, 2014;9(9):e105672. 2014 [PMID: 25197981] (Neutralization, Human)
• Zhu L, Huang Z, Stalesen R, Hansson G, Li N Platelets provoke distinct dynamics of immune responses by differentially regulating CD4+ T-cell proliferation. J Thromb Haemost, 2014;12(7):1156-65. 2014 [PMID: 24833264] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kang I, Yoon D, Braun K, Wight T Expression of versican V3 by arterial smooth muscle cells alters tumor growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-, and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-dependent signaling pathways, creating a microenvironment that resists monocyte adhesion. J Biol Chem, 2014;289(22):15393-404. 2014 [PMID: 24719328] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Xu S, Zhu J, Wu Z Loss of Dab2 expression in breast cancer cells impairs their ability to deplete TGF-beta and induce Tregs development via TGF-beta. PLoS ONE, 2014;9(3):e91709. 2014 [PMID: 24638085] (Neutralization, Human)
• Kim M, Koo T, Yan J, Lee E, Han K, Jeong J, Ro H, Kim B, Jo S, Oh K, Surh C, Ahn C, Yang J IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through expansion of regulatory T cells. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2013;24(10):1529-36. 2013 [PMID: 23833258] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Olson B, Jankowska-Gan E, Becker J, Vignali D, Burlingham W, McNeel D Human prostate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells are inhibited by CTLA-4 or IL-35 blockade. J Immunol, 2012;189(12):5590-601. 2012 [PMID: 23152566] (Bioassay, Human)
• Foley J, Lam D, Jiang H, Liao J, Cheong N, McDevitt T, Zaman A, Wright J, Savani R Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2), Transforming Growth Factor-beta, Hyaluronan (HA), and Receptor for HA-mediated Motility (RHAMM) Are Required for Surfactant Protein A-stimulated Macrophage Chemotaxis. J Biol Chem, 2012;287(44):37406-19. 2012 [PMID: 22948158] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Lauzier A, Charbonneau M, Paquette M, Harper K, Dubois CM Transglutaminase 2 cross-linking activity is linked to invadopodia formation and cartilage breakdown in arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2012;14(4):R159. 2012 [PMID: 22762273] (Neutralization, Human)
• Yamazaki S, Ema H, Karlsson G, Yamaguchi T, Miyoshi H, Shioda S, Taketo MM, Karlsson S, Iwama A, Nakauchi H Nonmyelinating Schwann cells maintain hematopoietic stem cell hibernation in the bone marrow niche. Cell, 2011;147(5):1146-58. 2011 [PMID: 22118468] (ICC, Mouse)
• Ma W, Han W, Greer PA, Tuder RM, Toque HA, Wang KK, Caldwell RW, Su Y Calpain mediates pulmonary vascular remodeling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension, and its inhibition attenuates pathologic features of disease. J. Clin. Invest., 2011;121(11):4548-66. 2011 [PMID: 22005303] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Blom L, Poulsen BC, Jensen BM, Hansen A, Poulsen LK IL-33 induces IL-9 production in human CD4+ T cells and basophils. PLoS ONE, 2011;6(7):e21695. 2011 [PMID: 21765905] (Neutralization, Human)
• Suzuki K, Maruya M, Kawamoto S The sensing of environmental stimuli by follicular dendritic cells promotes immunoglobulin A generation in the gut. Immunity, 2010;33(1):71-83. 2010 [PMID: 20643338] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• King VL, Lin AY, Kristo F, Anderson TJ, Ahluwalia N, Hardy GJ, Owens AP, Howatt DA, Shen D, Tager AM, Luster AD, Daugherty A, Gerszten RE Interferon-gamma and the interferon-inducible chemokine CXCL10 protect against aneurysm formation and rupture. Circulation, 2009;119(3):426-35. 2009 [PMID: 19139386] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Akool el-S, Doller A, Babelova A, Tsalastra W, Moreth K, Schaefer L, Pfeilschifter J, Eberhardt W Molecular mechanisms of TGFbeta receptor-triggered signaling cascades rapidly induced by the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A and FK506. J. Immunol., 2008;181(4):2831-45. 2008 [PMID: 18684975] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Boerma M, Wang J, Burnett AF, Santin AD, Roman JJ, Hauer-Jensen M Local administration of interleukin-11 ameliorates intestinal radiation injury in rats. Cancer Res., 2007;67(19):9501-6. 2007 [PMID: 17909060] (ICC, Rat)
• Alcorn JF, Rinaldi LM, Jaffe EF, van Loon M, Bates JH, Janssen-Heininger YM, Irvin CG Transforming growth factor-beta1 suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airway disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2007;176(10):974-82. 2007 [PMID: 17761617] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Shintani Y, Maeda M, Chaika N, Johnson KR, Wheelock MJ Collagen I promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells via transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2007;38(1):95-104. 2007 [PMID: 17673689] (Neutralization, Human)
• McLennan SV, Kelly DJ, Schache M, Waltham M, Dy V, Langham RG, Yue DK, Gilbert RE Advanced glycation end products decrease mesangial cell MMP-7: a role in matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy? Kidney Int., 2007;72(4):481-8. 2007 [PMID: 17554258] (Neutralization, Human)
• Cohn RD, van Erp C, Habashi JP, Soleimani AA, Klein EC, Lisi MT, Gamradt M, ap Rhys CM, Holm TM, Loeys BL, Ramirez F, Judge DP, Ward CW, Dietz HC Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade attenuates TGF-beta-induced failure of muscle regeneration in multiple myopathic states. Nat. Med., 2007;13(2):204-10. 2007 [PMID: 17237794] (Neutralization, Mouse)
• Matsumura S, Shibakusa T, Fujikawa T, Yamada H, Inoue K, Fushiki T Increase in transforming growth factor-beta in the brain during infection is related to fever, not depression of spontaneous motor activity. Neuroscience, 2007;144(3):1133-40. 2007 [PMID: 17156928] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Waghabi MC, Keramidas M, Bailly S, Degrave W, Mendonca-Lima L, Soeiro Mde N, Meirelles Mde N, Paciornik S, Araujo-Jorge TC, Feige JJ Uptake of host cell transforming growth factor-beta by Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in cardiomyocytes: potential role in parasite cycle completion. Am. J. Pathol., 2005;167(4):993-1003. 2005 [PMID: 16192635] (Electron Microscopy, Mouse)
• Akool el-S, Doller A, Muller R, Gutwein P, Xin C, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J, Eberhardt W Nitric oxide induces TIMP-1 expression by activating the transforming growth factor beta-Smad signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem., 2005;280(47):39403-16. 2005 [PMID: 16183640] (Neutralization, Rat)
• Zamiri P, Masli S, Kitaichi N, Taylor AW, Streilein JW Thrombospondin plays a vital role in the immune privilege of the eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2005;46(3):908-19. 2005 [PMID: 15728547] (Neutralization, Mink)
• Mesples B, Fontaine RH, Lelievre V, Launay JM, Gressens P Neuronal TGF-beta1 mediates IL-9/mast cell interaction and exacerbates excitotoxicity in newborn mice. Neurobiol. Dis., 2005;18(1):193-205. 2005 [PMID: 15649710] (Western Blot, Mouse)
• Gilchrist RB, Ritter LJ, Cranfield M, Jeffery LA, Amato F, Scott SJ, Myllymaa S, Kaivo-Oja N, Lankinen H, Mottershead DG, Groome NP, Ritvos O Immunoneutralization of growth differentiation factor 9 reveals it partially accounts for mouse oocyte mitogenic activity. Biol. Reprod., 2004;71(3):732-9. 2004 [PMID: 15128595] (Neutralization, Bovine)
• Torrealba JR, Katayama M, Fechner JH, Jankowska-Gan E, Kusaka S, Schultz JM, Hu H, Hamawy MM, Jonker M, Wubben J, Doxiadis G, Bontrop R, Burlingham WJ, Knechtle SJ Metastable tolerance to rhesus monkey renal transplants is correlated with allograft TGF-beta 1+CD4+ T regulatory cell infiltrates. J. Immunol., 2004;172(9):5753-64. 2004 [PMID: 15100322] (Neutralization, Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque))
• Zheng SG, Wang JH, Gray JD, Soucier H, Horwitz DA Natural and induced CD4+CD25+ cells educate CD4+CD25- cells to develop suppressive activity: the role of IL-2, TGF-beta, and IL-10. J. Immunol., 2004;172(9):5213-21. 2004 [PMID: 15100259] (Neutralization, Human)
• Leung KS, Cheung WH, Yeung HY, Lee KM, Fung KP Effect of weightbearing on bone formation during distraction osteogenesis. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 2004;0(419):251-7. 2004 [PMID: 15021163] (IHC-P, Goat)
• Inkinen K, Wolff H, Lindroos P, Ahonen J Connective tissue growth factor and its correlation to other growth factors in experimental granulation tissue. Connect. Tissue Res., 2003;44(1):19-29. 2003 [PMID: 12945801] (IHC-P, Rat)
• Liu BY, 2019, Wu PW, Bringhurst FR, Wang JT Estrogen inhibition of PTH-stimulated osteoclast formation and attachment in vitro: involvement of both PKA and PKC. 141-147, 2002;143(2):627-35. 2002 [PMID: 11796519] (Neutralization, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB1