TGF-beta 2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

Western blot shows lysates of human heart tissue and human breast cancer tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 0.25 µg/mL of Goat Anti-TGF-beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for TGF-beta 2 at approximately 70 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Simple Western lane view shows lysates of human heart tissue and human breast cancer tissue, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for TGF‑ beta 2 at approximately 63 kDa (as indicated) using 2.5 µg/mL of Goat Anti-TGF‑ beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (Catalog # 102-B2) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Sheep Anti-TGF‑ beta 2 Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AB-112-NA). The ND50 is typically0.3-1.5 µg/mL.

The phenotypic characterization of DCs treated with 50% CSC culture supernatant in presence of neutralizing TGF-beta 2 antibody, measured by flow cytometry. The expression of each surface molecule (filled) compared to the respective isotype control (empty). Representative example of three experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933838), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

The phenotypic characterization of DCs treated with 50% CSC culture supernatant in presence of neutralizing TGF-beta 2 antibody, measured by flow cytometry. The expression of each surface molecule (filled) compared to the respective isotype control (empty). Representative example of three experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933838), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

The phenotypic characterization of DCs treated with 50% CSC culture supernatant in presence of neutralizing TGF-beta 2 antibody, measured by flow cytometry. The expression of each surface molecule (filled) compared to the respective isotype control (empty). Representative example of three experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933838), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

The phenotypic characterization of DCs treated with 50% CSC culture supernatant in presence of neutralizing TGF-beta 2 antibody, measured by flow cytometry. The expression of each surface molecule (filled) compared to the respective isotype control (empty). Representative example of three experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22933838), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Quantification of soluble collagen content in the media&matrix. (C, D) Representative Second harmonic generated (SHG) images (scale bar = 50 μm) of collagen fibrils at day 25 are shown along with the quantification of signal intensities. The SHG signals from the collagen secreted by NHLF embedded in rat tail collagen gels which co-cultured with the IL-13 pre-treated NHBE at 10 ng/ml are elevated compared to the untreated NHBE co-culture; * p < 0.01&this increase is inhibited on incubation with TGF beta 2 neutralizing antibody in the 3 day co-culture period (§ p < 0.01 compared to respective condition without TGF beta 2 antibody). Addition of goat IgG did not alter the increased levels of collagen in the matrix&media in the pre-treated NHBE-NHLF co-culture. Image collected & cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (//respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-9-27), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

• Reactivity: All-Multi
• Applications: WB, Simple Western, B/N
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Conjugate: Unconjugated
• Concentration: LYOPH

TGF-beta 2 Antibody [Unconjugated] Summary

• Immunogen: Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 2
• Specificity: Detects TGF-beta 2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, this antibody is highly specific for TGF-beta 2 and
  TGF‑ beta 1.2 but will cross-react with other TGF-beta variants with at least 100-fold lower sensitivity. It will also neutralize the biological activity of TGF-beta 1.2, at a 50 fold higher IgG concentration.
• Source: N/A
• Isotype: IgG
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Host: Goat
• Gene: TGFB2
• Purity Statement: Protein A or G purified
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Neutralization 0.3-1.5 ug/mL
  • Simple Western 2.5 ug/mL
  • Western Blot 0.25 ug/mL

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
• Preservative: No Preservative
• Concentration: LYOPH
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 1 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for TGF-beta 2 Antibody [Unconjugated]

• BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor
• cetermin
• Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor
• G-TSF
• MGC116892
• Polyergin
• TGFB2
• TGFbeta 2
• TGF-beta 2
• TGF-beta2
• TGF-beta-2
• transforming growth factor beta-2
• transforming growth factor, beta 2

Background

TGF-beta 2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta  superfamily that share a characteristic cysteine knot structure (1-7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 2, mice with targeted deletion show defects in development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear and urogenital systems (2). Human TGF-beta 2 cDNA encodes a 414 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 19 aa signal peptide and a 395 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 232 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-  beta 2 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 2 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF-beta 2 shows 100% aa identity with porcine, canine, equine and bovine TGF-beta 2, and 97% aa identity with mouse and rat TGF-beta 2. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-beta 2 signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta  RIII) and a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta  RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates another ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta  RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1. The whole complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).

1. Sporn, M.B. (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:3.
2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein, 2000, Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
8. deMartin, R. et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:3673.1.
9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Limitations

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Publications for TGF-beta 2 Antibody (AB-112-NA)(6)

Publications using AB-112-NA

• Li J, Jaiswal MK, Chien JF et al. Divergent single cell transcriptome and epigenome alterations in ALS and FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation Nat Commun 2023-09-15 [PMID: 37714849]
• Liqun Tu, Zhe Wang, Lei Yang, Xiaomeng Sun, Yunpeng Yao, Peng Zhang et al. Incorporation of a TGF-beta 2-inhibiting oligodeoxynucleotide molecular adjuvant into a tumor cell lysate vaccine to enhance antiglioma immunity in mice Frontiers in Immunology 2023-01-27 [PMID: 36776837] (Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Mouse)
• L Tu, X Sun, L Yang, T Zhang, X Zhang, X Li, B Dong, Y Liu, M Yang, L Wang, Y Yu TGF-beta2 interfering oligonucleotides used as adjuvants for microbial vaccines J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020-08-13;0(0):. 2020-08-13 [PMID: 32794350] (Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Human, Mouse)
• Jian-Min Lu, Xiu-Jun Song, Hui-Fang Wang, Xiao-Lei Li, Xiao-Rong Zhang Murine corneal stroma cells inhibit LPS-induced dendritic cell maturation partially through TGF-beta 2 secretion in vitro Mol. Vis 2012-08-10 [PMID: 22933838]
• Kathryn E LeMasters, Yotam Blech-Hermoni, Samantha J Stillwagon, Natalie A Vajda, Andrea N Ladd Loss of muscleblind-like 1 promotes invasive mesenchyme formation in endocardial cushions by stimulating autocrine TGF beta 3 BMC Developmental Biology 2012-12-01 [PMID: 22866814]
• Ellen J. Beswick, Iryna V. Pinchuk, Rachel B. Earley, David A. Schmitt, Victor E. Reyes Role of gastric epithelial cell-derived transforming growth factor beta in reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation and development of regulatory T cells during Helicobacter pylori infection Infection and Immunity 2011-07-01 [PMID: 21482686]

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB2