Recombinant Mouse TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR Protein

Product Discontinued

Recombinant Mouse TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR Protein Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 or TNF-alpha secretion by RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-0.4 µg/mL. Measured by its ability to bind THP‑1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells. As determined by flow cytometric analysis, there is a greater than 3 fold increase in the fluorescence of apoptotic THP-1 cells treated with 0.5 μg/mL recombinant mouse TIM-1/His and Mouse Anti-polyHistidine PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # IC050P) compared to cells stained with anti‑Mouse Anti‑polyHistidine PE-conjugated Monoclonal Antibody alone.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR protein
  Tyr22-Thr212, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: Q3V033
• N-terminal Sequence: Tyr22
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: Havcr1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
  • Bioactivity2
• Theoretical MW: 21.8 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 40-50 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Tris-Citrate and NaCl with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Mouse TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR Protein

• CD365
• HAVCR1
• HAVCR-1
• HAVCRT cell immunoglobin domain and mucin domain protein 1
• hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1
• Kidney injury molecule 1
• KIM1
• KIM-1
• T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1
• TIM1
• TIM-1
• TIM-1TIM
• TIM1TIMD-1
• TIMD1T-cell membrane protein 1

Background

TIM‑1 (T cell‑immunoglobulin‑mucin; also KIM‑1 and Tapr) is a 70 ‑ 80 kDa, type I transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (1, 2, 3, 4). This gene family is involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2‑cell‑mediated immunity. In mouse, there are eight known TIM genes (# 1 ‑ 8) vs. only three genes in human (# 1, 3 & 4) (1, 2). Mouse TIM‑1 and ‑2 are counterparts of human TIM‑1, while mouse TIM‑5 through TIM‑8 have no human counterparts (2). Mouse TIM‑1 (isoform 2) is synthesized as a 282 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 193 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 47 aa cytoplasmic domain (5, 6). The ECD contains one V‑type Ig‑like domain and a mucin region characterized by multiple T‑S‑P motifs. The mucin region undergoes extensive O‑linked glycosylation. The mouse TIM‑1 gene is highly polymorphic and, based on rat, may undergo alternate splicing (4, 6). One isoform (termed isoform 1) possesses a 23 aa insertion after Pro182 (GenBank # NP_599099). Another splice variant (of isoform 1) shows a 15 aa deletion in the mucin region of the ECD (6). This difference is associated with a decreased susceptibility to asthma. In human, TIM‑1 is known to circulate as a soluble form that arises from cleavage by an undefined MMP, releasing an 85 ‑ 90 kDa soluble molecule (7). In mouse, a 60 ‑ 65 kDa soluble form has also been detected (in urine) that presumably arises from proteolytic processing (8). In‑house data from R&D Systems Inc. has demonstrated the presence of soluble TIM‑1 in mouse circulation. The ECD of mouse TIM‑1 shares 37% and 81% aa sequence identity with human and rat TIM‑1 ECD, respectively. There are at least three reported ligands for TIM‑1, and include TIM‑4, phosphatidlyserine and the hepatitis A virus (3, 9, 10). However, still others are believed to exist, and based on the ligand for TIM‑3, one might be an S‑type lectin (11). TIM‑1 ligation induces T cell proliferation and promotes cytokine production (1, 11). In particular, it induces IL‑4 production, and requires the TIM‑1 cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation motif (5).

1. Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Trends Mol. Med. 11:1471.
2. Su, E.W. et al. (2008) Cytokine 44:9.
3. Freeman, G.J. et al. (2010) Immunol. Rev. 235:172.
4. Ichimura, T. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:4135.
5. de Souza, A.J. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:17113.
6. McIntire, J.J. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1109.
7. Bailly, V. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:39739.
8. Herzog, C. et al. (2007) Kidney Int. 71:1009.
9. Feigelstock, D. et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:6621.
10. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
11. Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:455.

Publications for TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR (1817-TM)(5)

Publications using 1817-TM

• X Zou, K Jiang, AS Puranik, KL Jordan, H Tang, X Zhu, LO Lerman Targeting Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Improves Their Therapeutic Efficacy in Chronic Ischemic Kidney Injury Stem Cells Transl Med, 2018-02-15;0(0):. 2018-02-15 [PMID: 29446551] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• L Tian, X Shao, Y Xie, Q Wang, X Che, M Zhang, W Xu, Y Xu, S Mou, Z Ni Kidney Injury Molecule-1 is Elevated in Nephropathy and Mediates Macrophage Activation via the Mapk Signalling Pathway Cell. Physiol. Biochem, 2017-02-13;41(2):769-783. 2017-02-13 [PMID: 28214834] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Yang L, Brooks C, Xiao S, Sabbisetti V, Yeung M, Hsiao L, Ichimura T, Kuchroo V, Bonventre J KIM-1-mediated phagocytosis reduces acute injury to the kidney. J Clin Invest, 2015-03-09;125(4):1620-36. 2015-03-09 [PMID: 25751064] (ELISA (Standard), Mouse)
• Venkata S. Sabbisetti, Sushrut S. Waikar, Daniel J. Antoine, Adam Smiles, Chang Wang, Abinaya Ravisankar et al. Blood Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Is a Biomarker of Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury and Predicts Progression to ESRD in Type I Diabetes Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2014-10-01 [PMID: 24904085] (ELISA Standard, Mouse)
• Nakae S, Iikura M, Suto H, Akiba H, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH, Saito H, Galli SJ TIM-1 and TIM-3 enhancement of Th2 cytokine production by mast cells. Blood, 2007-07-09;110(7):2565-8. 2007-07-09 [PMID: 17620455] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: Havcr1
• Uniprot:
  • Q3V033()