Recombinant Human ZAG Protein, CF

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human ZAG Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of MC3T3‑E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. Ogikubo, O. et al. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 252(1):257.

  The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-0.6 μg/mL.

• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human ZAG protein
  Met1-Ser298, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
• Accession #: AAH05306
• N-terminal Sequence: Gln21
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: AZGP1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 32.9 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 41-45 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human ZAG Protein, CF

• alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc
• alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding
• AZGP1
• ZA2G
• ZAG
• ZAGzn-alpha-2-GP
• zinc
• zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein
• zn-alpha-2-glycoprotein
• ZNGP1

Background

ZAG (zinc‑ alpha ₂‑glycoprotein; also called AZGP1) is a 40 ‑ 43 kDa secreted member of the MHC class I family of proteins (1 ‑ 5). It was previously called LMF in humans to reflect its activity as a lipid mobilizing factor that is upregulated in plasma and urine of cancer patients with cachexia (4, 6). Human ZAG cDNA encodes a 20 amino acid (aa) signal sequence and a 278 aa mature protein that contains one MHC class I antigen region and a C1‑type Ig‑like domain. The region equivalent to the MHC peptide groove is hydrophobic and likely binds lipid molecules rather than peptides (1, 3). An RGD sequence (aa 251 ‑ 253) that occurs in human but not mouse mediates integrin adhesion (1). ZAG is reported to associate with PIP (prolactin‑inducible protein) but not the MHC light chain, beta 2‑microglobulin (3, 7). Mature human ZAG shares 57 ‑ 66% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, canine and equine ZAG. Human ZAG is active in mice (6, 8).  It is produced by secretory epithelia and is present in most body fluids (9). It is abundantly produced by adipocytes and is classed as an adipokine that stimulates adiponectin secretion (4, 10, 11). Its expression is downregulated by macrophage‑associated inflammation in adipose tissue, and it is underexpressed in obesity and diabetes (8, 10 ‑ 12). Serum ZAG is produced by liver epithelia, while prostate epithelia produce seminal fluid ZAG that can bind sperm and initiate motility (1, 12). ZAG stimulates lipid breakdown, at least in part by inducing expression of the uncoupling proteins UCP1 and UCP3 (1, 6, 8, 10, 12). It is considered a tumor suppressor, interfering with TGF‑ beta ‑mediated tumor cell invasion and epithelial/mesenchymal transition (5). ZAG can bind beta 3-AR (beta‑3 adrenergic receptor) and can alter beta 3‑AR signaling pathways (8, 10, 13).

1. Hassan, M.I. et al. (2008) Mol. Cancer Res. 6:892.
2. Araki, T. et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:679.
3. Sanchez, L.M. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4626.
4. Bing, C. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:2500.
5. Kong, B. et al. (2010) Oncogene 29:5146.
6. Hirai, K. et al. (1998) Cancer Res. 58:2359.
7. Hassan, M.I. et al. (2008) J. Mol. Biol. 384:633.
8. Russell, S.T. et al. (2010) Endocrinology 151:948.
9. Tada, T. et al. (1991) J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39:1221.
10. Bing, C. et al. (2010) Int. J. Obesity 34:1559.
11. Gao, D. et al. (2010) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 325:135.
12. Rolli, V. (2007) FEBS Lett. 581:394.
13. Russell, S.T. et al. (2002) Br. J. Cancer 86:424.

Publications for ZAG (4764-ZA)(2)

Publications using 4764-ZA

• A Zoued, H Zhang, T Zhang, RT Giorgio, CJ Kuehl, B Fakoya, B Sit, MK Waldor Proteomic analysis of the host-pathogen interface in experimental cholera Nature Chemical Biology, 2021-10-21;17(11):1199-1208. 2021-10-21 [PMID: 34675415] (Bioassay, Vibrio cholerae)
• S Elattar, M Dimri, A Satyanaray The tumor secretory factor ZAG promotes white adipose tissue browning and energy wasting FASEB J., 2018-03-23;0(0):fj201701465RR. 2018-03-23 [PMID: 29570397] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: AZGP1
• Uniprot:
  • AAH05306(Human)