Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 Protein, CF

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 (Catalog # 302-B2/CF) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL‑4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced cell proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line. The ED50 for this effect is 0.025-0.25 ng/mL.

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing single bands at 12 kDa and 24 kDa, respectively.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 Protein, CF Summary

• Details of Functionality: Measured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT‑2 mouse T cells. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 0.025-0.25 ng/mL.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human TGF-beta 2 protein
  Ala303-Ser414
• Accession #: P61812
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala303
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: TGFB2
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 12.7 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 12 kDa, reducing conditions
  24 kDa, non-reducing condtions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA.
• Purity: >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute 2 µg vial at 5 µg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. Reconstitute 10 µg or larger vials at 100 µg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 Protein, CF

• BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor
• cetermin
• Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor
• G-TSF
• MGC116892
• polyergin
• TGFB2
• TGFbeta 2
• TGF-beta 2
• TGF-beta2
• TGF-beta-2
• transforming growth factor beta-2
• transforming growth factor, beta 2

Background

TGF-beta 2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta  superfamily that share a characteristic cysteine knot structure (1-7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 2, mice with targeted deletion show defects in development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear and urogenital systems (2). Human TGF-beta 2 cDNA encodes a 414 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 19 aa signal peptide and a 395 aa proprotein (8). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 232 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-  beta 2 (8, 9). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 2 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (8-10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF-beta 2 shows 100% aa identity with porcine, canine, equine and bovine TGF-beta 2, and 97% aa identity with mouse and rat TGF-beta 2. It demonstrates cross-species activity (1). TGF-beta 2 signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta  RIII) and a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta  RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates another ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta  RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK-1. The whole complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts (11).

1. Sporn, M.B. (2006) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:3.
2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein, 2000, Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
8. deMartin, R. et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:3673.
9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

Publications for TGF-beta 2 (302-B2/CF)(81)

Publications using 302-B2/CF

• Ma, HY;Li, Q;Wong, WR;N'Diaye, EN;Caplazi, P;Bender, H;Huang, Z;Arlantico, A;Jeet, S;Wong, A;Emson, C;Brightbill, H;Tam, L;Newman, R;Roose-Girma, M;Sandoval, W;Ding, N; LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung Science advances 2023-05-26 [PMID: 37235663] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Han, Y Yang, Z Han, L Wang, L Dong, H Qi, B Liu, J Tian, B Vanhaesebr, A Kazlauskas, G Zhang, S Zhang, H Lei NFkappaB-Mediated Expression of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase delta Is Critical for Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Cells, 2023-01-04;12(2):. 2023-01-04 [PMID: 36672142] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Morita, A Yoneda, N Tokunoh, T Masaki, K Shirakura, M Kinoshita, R Hashimoto, N Shigesada, J Takahashi, M Tachibana, S Tanaka, M Obana, N Hino, M Ikawa, K Tsujikawa, C Ono, Y Matsuura, H Kidoya, N Takakura, Y Kubota, T Doi, K Takayama, Y Yoshioka, Y Fujio, Y Okada Upregulation of Robo4 expression by SMAD signaling suppresses vascular permeability and mortality in endotoxemia and COVID-19 models Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023-01-12;120(3):e2213317120. 2023-01-12 [PMID: 36634143] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Kramer, C Corallo, A van den He, J Crawford, T Olivier, E Elstak, N Giordano, P Vulto, HL Lanz, RAJ Janssen, MA Tessari High-throughput 3D microvessel-on-a-chip model to study defective angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis Scientific Reports, 2022-10-08;12(1):16930. 2022-10-08 [PMID: 36209279] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Santerre, S Cortez Ghi, S Proulx TGF-beta-Mediated Modulation of Cell-Cell Interactions in Postconfluent Maturing Corneal Endothelial Cells Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2022-10-03;63(11):3. 2022-10-03 [PMID: 36194422] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Knox, G Bou-Ghario, KJ Hamill, CE Willoughby MiR-18a-5p Targets Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression and Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor beta2-Induced Trabecular Meshwork Cell Contractility Genes, 2022-08-22;13(8):. 2022-08-22 [PMID: 36011411] (Bioassay, Human)
• B Callaghan, K Lester, B Lane, X Fan, K Goljanek-W, DA Simpson, C Sheridan, CE Willoughby Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of human trabecular meshwork cells treated with TGF-beta2 Oncogene, 2022-06-10;12(1):9564. 2022-06-10 [PMID: 35689009] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Utsunomiya, T Chino, H Kasamatsu, T Hasegawa, N Utsunomiya, VH Luong, T Matsushita, Y Sasaki, D Ogura, SI Niwa, N Oyama, M Hasegawa The compound LG283 inhibits bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis via antagonizing TGF-beta signaling Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2022-04-29;24(1):94. 2022-04-29 [PMID: 35488265] (Bioassay, Human)
• K Sobierajsk, ME Wawro, J Niewiarows Oxidative Stress Enhances the TGF-beta2-RhoA-MRTF-A/B Axis in Cells Entering Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-02-13;23(4):. 2022-02-13 [PMID: 35216178] (Bioassay, Human)
• RB Kasetti, P Maddineni, B Kodati, B Nagarajan, S Yacoub Astragaloside IV Attenuates Ocular Hypertension in a Mouse Model of TGFbeta2 Induced Primary Open Angle Glaucoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-11-19;22(22):. 2021-11-19 [PMID: 34830390] (Bioassay, Human)
• ZZG Liu, A Taiyab, JA West-Mays MMP9 Differentially Regulates Proteins Involved in Actin Polymerization and Cell Migration during TGF-beta-Induced EMT in the Lens International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-11-05;22(21):. 2021-11-05 [PMID: 34769418] (Bioassay, Mouse, Rat)
• E Takahashi, J Saruwatari, T Fujimoto, Y Tanoue, T Fukuda, T Inoue The effects of exosomes derived from trabecular meshwork cells on Schlemm&#039;s canal endothelial cells Scientific Reports, 2021-11-09;11(1):21942. 2021-11-09 [PMID: 34754027] (Bioassay, Cynomolgus Monkey)
• CC Hsiao, YC Chang, YT Hsiao, PH Chen, MC Hsieh, WC Wu, YH Kao Triamcinolone acetonide modulates TGF?beta2?induced angiogenic and tissue?remodeling effects in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells Molecular Medicine Reports, 2021-09-15;24(5):. 2021-09-15 [PMID: 34523693] (Bioassay, Human)
• T Tabib, M Huang, N Morse, A Papazoglou, R Behera, M Jia, M Bulik, DE Monier, PV Benos, W Chen, R Domsic, R Lafyatis Myofibroblast transcriptome indicates SFRP2hi fibroblast progenitors in systemic sclerosis skin Nature Communications, 2021-07-19;12(1):4384. 2021-07-19 [PMID: 34282151] (Bioassay, Human)
• NN Lopez, R Rangan, AF Clark, T Tovar-Vida Mirna Expression in Glaucomatous and TGFbeta2 Treated Lamina Cribrosa Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-06-08;22(12):. 2021-06-08 [PMID: 34201109] (Bioassay, Human)
• WT Shelton, SM Thomas, HR Alexander, CE Thomes, DE Conway, AD Dubash Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell-cell adhesion Scientific Reports, 2021-06-24;11(1):13295. 2021-06-24 [PMID: 34168237] (Cell Culture, Human)
• C Ota, Y Ida, H Ohguro, F Hikage ROCK inhibitors beneficially alter the spatial configuration of TGF&amp;beta2-treated 3D organoids from a human trabecular meshwork (HTM) Sci Rep, 2020-11-20;10(1):20292. 2020-11-20 [PMID: 33219246] (Cell Culture, Human)
• T Matsumura, T Fujimoto, A Futakuchi, Y Takihara, F Watanabe-K, E Takahashi, M Inoue-Moch, H Tanihara, T Inoue TGF-&amp;beta-induced activation of conjunctival fibroblasts is modulated by FGF-2 and substratum stiffness PLoS ONE, 2020-11-18;15(11):e0242626. 2020-11-18 [PMID: 33206726] (Cell Culture, Human)
• F Yemanyi, J Vranka, VK Raghunatha Glucocorticoid-induced cell-derived matrix modulates transforming growth factor &amp;beta2 signaling in human trabecular meshwork cells Scientific Reports, 2020-09-24;10(1):15641. 2020-09-24 [PMID: 32973273] (Bioassay, Human)
• S Rathi, I Danford, HV Gudiseva, L Verkuil, M Pistilli, S Vishwakarm, I Kaur, T Dave, JM O'Brien, VRM Chavali Molecular Genetics and Functional Analysis Implicate CDKN2BAS1-CDKN2B Involvement in POAG Pathogenesis Cells, 2020-08-21;9(9):. 2020-08-21 [PMID: 32825664] (Bioassay, Cell Culture, Human)
• JA Faralli, MS Filla, CM McDowell, DM Peters Disruption of fibronectin fibrillogenesis affects intraocular pressure (IOP) in BALB/cJ mice PLoS ONE, 2020-08-21;15(8):e0237932. 2020-08-21 [PMID: 32822410] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• SK Meurer, O Tezcan, T Lammers, R Weiskirche Differential regulation of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in doxorubicin-resistant 4T1 triple negative breast cancer cells Cell. Signal., 2020-08-03;74(0):109731. 2020-08-03 [PMID: 32758668] (Bioassay, Human)
• DC Briggs, AWW Langford-S, HL Birchenoug, TA Jowitt, CM Kielty, JJ Enghild, C Baldock, CM Milner, AJ Day Inter-&amp;alpha-inhibitor heavy chain-1 has an integrin-like 3D structure mediating immune regulatory activities and matrix stabilization during ovulation J. Biol. Chem., 2020-03-06;0(0):. 2020-03-06 [PMID: 32144206] (Surface Plasmon Resonance)
• H Yonemura, A Futakuchi, M Inoue-Moch, T Fujimoto, E Takahashi, H Tanihara, T Inoue DNA methyltransferase inhibitor suppresses fibrogenetic changes in human conjunctival fibroblasts Mol. Vis., 2019-07-21;25(0):382-390. 2019-07-21 [PMID: 31523116] (Bioassay, Human)
• Wei X, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Kwon O, Zhang Y, Nguyen H, Dumpit R, True L, Nelson P, Dong B, Xue W, Birchmeier W, Taketo M, Xu F, Creighton C, Ittmann M, Xin L Spatially Restricted Stromal Wnt Signaling Restrains Prostate Epithelial Progenitor Growth through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Cell Stem Cell, 2019-04-11;24(5):753-768.e6. 2019-04-11 [PMID: 30982770] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• M Rutgers, F Bach, L Vonk, M van Rijen, V Akrum, A van Boxtel, W Dhert, L Creemers PTH decreases in vitro human cartilage regeneration without affecting hypertrophic differentiation PLoS ONE, 2019-04-04;14(4):e0213483. 2019-04-04 [PMID: 30947269] (Bioassay, Human)
• H Feng, X Zhao, Q Guo, Y Feng, M Ma, W Guo, X Dong, C Deng, C Li, X Song, S Han, L Cao Autophagy resists EMT process to maintain retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis Int. J. Biol. Sci., 2019-01-01;15(3):507-521. 2019-01-01 [PMID: 30745838] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Kobayashi, K Tokuda, Y Kobayashi, C Yamashiro, SH Uchi, M Hatano, K Kimura Suppression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by an MRTF-A Inhibitor Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2019-02-01;60(2):528-537. 2019-02-01 [PMID: 30707754] (Bioassay, Human)
• C Ozek, RC Krolewski, SM Buchanan, LL Rubin Growth Differentiation Factor 11 treatment leads to neuronal and vascular improvements in the hippocampus of aged mice Sci Rep, 2018-11-23;8(1):17293. 2018-11-23 [PMID: 30470794] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• CG Abraham, MP Ludwig, Z Andrysik, A Pandey, M Joshi, MD Galbraith, KD Sullivan, JM Espinosa ?Np63? Suppresses TGFB2 Expression and RHOA Activity to Drive Cell Proliferation in Squamous Cell Carcinomas Cell Rep, 2018-09-18;24(12):3224-3236. 2018-09-18 [PMID: 30232004] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Inoue-Moch, T Inoue, S Kojima, A Futakuchi, T Fujimoto, S Sato-Ohira, U Tsutsumi, H Tanihara Interleukin-6-mediated trans-signaling inhibits transforming growth factor-? signaling in trabecular meshwork cells J. Biol. Chem., 2018-05-11;0(0):. 2018-05-11 [PMID: 29752408] (Bioassay, Human)
• CC Tsai, SB Wu, HC Kau, YH Wei Essential role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1)-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from Graves&#039; orbital fibroblasts Sci Rep, 2018-05-08;8(1):7276. 2018-05-08 [PMID: 29739987] (Bioassay, Human)
• JUG Wagner, E Chavakis, EM Rogg, M Muhly-Rein, SF Glaser, S Günther, D John, F Bonini, AM Zeiher, L Schaefer, MJ Hannocks, RA Boon, S Dimmeler Switch in Laminin β2 to Laminin β1 Isoforms During Aging Controls Endothelial Cell Functions Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2018-03-29;0(0):. 2018-03-29 [PMID: 29599141] (Cell Culture, Human)
• U Tsutsumi-K, T Inoue, A Futakuchi, K Shobayashi, E Takahashi, S Kojima, M Inoue-Moch, T Fujimoto, H Tanihara Decreased MCP-1/CCR2 axis-mediated chemotactic effect of conjunctival fibroblasts after transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts Exp. Eye Res., 2018-02-17;170(0):76-80. 2018-02-17 [PMID: 29458061] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Nishida, K Miyazono, S Ehata Decreased TGFBR3/betaglycan expression enhances the metastatic abilities of renal cell carcinoma cells through TGF-?-dependent and -independent mechanisms Oncogene, 2018-02-02;0(0):. 2018-02-02 [PMID: 29391598] (Bioassay, Human)
• J Wu, X Chen, X Liu, S Huang, C He, B Chen, Y Liu Autophagy regulates TGF-?2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human retinal pigment epithelium cells Mol Med Rep, 2017-12-27;0(0):. 2017-12-27 [PMID: 29286127] (Bioassay, Human)
• JD Glover, KL Wells, F Matthäus, KJ Painter, W Ho, J Riddell, JA Johansson, MJ Ford, CAB Jahoda, V Klika, RL Mort, DJ Headon Hierarchical patterning modes orchestrate hair follicle morphogenesis PLoS Biol., 2017-07-11;15(7):e2002117. 2017-07-11 [PMID: 28700594] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• N Selvamurug, Z He, D Rifkin, B Dabovic, NC Partridge Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Regulates MicroRNA 21 Expression to Activate TGF-? Signaling in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Enhance Osteoblast Differentiation Stem Cells Int, 2017-04-23;2017(0):2450327. 2017-04-23 [PMID: 28512472] (Bioassay, Human)
• E Ventura, M Weller, I Burghardt Cutting Edge: ERK1 Mediates the Autocrine Positive Feedback Loop of TGF-? and Furin in Glioma-Initiating Cells J. Immunol., 2017-05-08;0(0):. 2017-05-08 [PMID: 28484053] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Futakuchi, T Inoue, T Fujimoto, U Kuroda, M Inoue-Moch, E Takahashi, S Ohira, H Tanihara Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Filtration Bleb-Maintaining Effects of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2017-04-01;58(4):2421-2429. 2017-04-01 [PMID: 28448670] (Bioassay, Human)
• N Tellios, JC Belrose, AC Tokarewicz, C Hutnik, H Liu, A Leask, M Motolko, M Iijima, SK Parapuram TGF-? induces phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog: implications for fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork tissue in glaucoma Sci Rep, 2017-04-11;7(1):812. 2017-04-11 [PMID: 28400560] (Bioassay, Human)
• MC Wojciechow, L Mahmutovic, DY Shu, FJ Lovicu ERK1/2 signaling is required for the initiation but not progression of TGF?-induced lens epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) Exp. Eye Res., 2017-03-30;159(0):98-113. 2017-03-30 [PMID: 28365272] (Bioassay, Human)
• BA Boswell, A Korol, JA West-Mays, LS Musil Dual function of TGF? in lens epithelial cell fate: implications for secondary cataract Mol. Biol. Cell, 2017-02-16;0(0):. 2017-02-16 [PMID: 28209733] (Bioassay, Chicken)
• MM Roe, S Swain, TA Sebrell, MA Sewell, MM Collins, BA Perrino, PD Smith, LE Smythies, D Bimczok Differential regulation of CD103 (�E integrin) expression in human dendritic cells by retinoic acid and Toll-like receptor ligands J. Leukoc. Biol, 2017-01-13;0(0):. 2017-01-13 [PMID: 28087652] (Bioassay, Human)
• TGF?2-induced outflow alterations in a bioengineered trabecular meshwork are offset by a rho-associated kinase inhibitor Sci Rep, 2016-12-07;6(0):38319. 2016-12-07 [PMID: 27924833] (Bioassay, Human)
• Sang Il Gum Cyclosporine A inhibits TGF-?2-induced myofibroblasts of primary cultured human pterygium fibroblasts Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 2016-12-02;0(0):. 2016-12-02 [PMID: 27919682] (Bioassay, Human)
• Michio Nakaya Cardiac myofibroblast engulfment of dead cells facilitates recovery after myocardial infarction J. Clin. Invest, 2016-12-05;0(0):. 2016-12-05 [PMID: 27918308] (Bioassay, Human)
• Karthikeyan Mythreye Altering the Proteoglycan State of Transforming Growth Factor ? Type III Receptor (T?RIII)/Betaglycan Modulates Canonical Wnt/?-Catenin Signaling J. Biol. Chem., 2016-10-26;291(49):25716-25728. 2016-10-26 [PMID: 27784788] (Bioassay, Human)
• Transient RUNX1 Expression during Early Mesendodermal Differentiation of�hESCs Promotes Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition through TGFB2 Signaling Stem Cell Reports, 2016-10-06;7(5):884-896. 2016-10-06 [PMID: 27720906] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Novel High-Throughput 3D Screening System for EMT Inhibitors: A Pilot Screening Discovered the EMT Inhibitory Activity of CDK2 Inhibitor SU9516 PLoS ONE, 2016-09-13;11(9):e0162394. 2016-09-13 [PMID: 27622654] (Bioassay, Human)
• K+/Cl- cotransporter KCC2 membrane trafficking and functionality is regulated by transforming growth factor beta 2 J Cell Sci, 2016-08-05;0(0):. 2016-08-05 [PMID: 27505893] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Ilkow C, Marguerie M, Batenchuk C, Mayer J, Ben Neriah D, Cousineau S, Falls T, Jennings V, Boileau M, Bellamy D, Bastin D, de Souza C, Alkayyal A, Zhang J, Le Boeuf F, Arulanandam R, Stubbert L, Sampath P, Thorne S, Paramanthan P, Chatterjee A, Strieter R, Burdick M, Addison C, Stojdl D, Atkins H, Auer R, Diallo J, Lichty B, Bell J Reciprocal cellular cross-talk within the tumor microenvironment promotes oncolytic virus activity. Nat Med, 2015-04-20;21(5):530-6. 2015-04-20 [PMID: 25894825] (Bioassay, Human)
• Reeves S, Kolstad T, Lien T, Herrington-Shaner S, Debley J Fibroblast-myofibroblast transition is differentially regulated by bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children. Respir Res, 2015-02-13;16(1):21. 2015-02-13 [PMID: 25849331] (Bioassay, Human)
• Sugita S, Kamao H, Iwasaki Y, Okamoto S, Hashiguchi T, Iseki K, Hayashi N, Mandai M, Takahashi M Inhibition of T-cell activation by retinal pigment epithelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2015-01-20;56(2):1051-62. 2015-01-20 [PMID: 25604685] (Bioassay, Human)
• Villarreal G, Chatterjee A, Oh S, Oh D, Kang M, Rhee D Canonical wnt signaling regulates extracellular matrix expression in the trabecular meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014-10-28;55(11):7433-40. 2014-10-28 [PMID: 25352117] (Bioassay, Human)
• Jakobsen R, Ostrup E, Zhang X, Mikkelsen T, Brinchmann J Analysis of the effects of five factors relevant to in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells using factorial design and high throughput mRNA-profiling. PLoS ONE, 2014-05-09;9(5):e96615. 2014-05-09 [PMID: 24816923] (Bioassay, Human)
• Gerhart J, Greenbaum M, Scheinfeld V, Fitzgerald P, Crawford M, Bravo-Nuevo A, Pitts M, George-Weinstein M Myo/Nog cells: targets for preventing the accumulation of skeletal muscle-like cells in the human lens. PLoS ONE, 2014-04-15;9(4):e95262. 2014-04-15 [PMID: 24736495] (Bioassay, Human)
• Neumann C, Garreis F, Paulsen F, Hammer C, Birke M, Scholz M Osteopontin is induced by TGF-beta2 and regulates metabolic cell activity in cultured human optic nerve head astrocytes. PLoS ONE, 2014-04-09;9(4):e92762. 2014-04-09 [PMID: 24718314] (Bioassay, Human)
• Echeverria C, Montorfano I, Hermosilla T, Armisen R, Velasquez L, Cabello-Verrugio C, Varela D, Simon F Endotoxin induces fibrosis in vascular endothelial cells through a mechanism dependent on transient receptor protein melastatin 7 activity. PLoS ONE, 2014-04-07;9(4):e94146. 2014-04-07 [PMID: 24710004] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kimura K, Orita T, Fujitsu Y, Liu Y, Wakuta M, Morishige N, Suzuki K, Sonoda K Inhibition by female sex hormones of collagen gel contraction mediated by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014-04-21;55(4):2621-30. 2014-04-21 [PMID: 24609629] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Villarreal G, Chatterjee A, Oh S, Oh D, Rhee D Pharmacological regulation of SPARC by lovastatin in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014-03-19;55(3):1657-65. 2014-03-19 [PMID: 24474275] (Bioassay, Human)
• Gericota B, Anderson J, Mitchell G, Borjesson D, Sturges B, Nolta J, Sieber-Blum M Canine epidermal neural crest stem cells: characterization and potential as therapy candidate for a large animal model of spinal cord injury. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2014-01-17;3(3):334-45. 2014-01-17 [PMID: 24443004] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Volkmann I, Kumarswamy R, Pfaff N, Fiedler J, Dangwal S, Holzmann A, Batkai S, Geffers R, Lother A, Hein L, Thum T MicroRNA-mediated epigenetic silencing of sirtuin1 contributes to impaired angiogenic responses. Circ Res, 2013-08-19;113(8):997-1003. 2013-08-19 [PMID: 23960241] (Bioassay, Human)
• Kolpa , Heather, Peal , David S, Lynch , Stacey N, Giokas , Andrea C, Ghatak , Shibnath, Misra , Suniti, Norris , Russell, Macrae , Calum A, Markwald , Roger R, Ellinor , Patrick, Bischoff , Joyce, Milan , David J miR-21 represses Pdcd4 during cardiac valvulogenesis. Development, 2013-04-11;140(10):2172-80. 2013-04-11 [PMID: 23578931] (Bioassay, Human)
• TGFbeta signalling plays an important role in IL4-induced alternative activation of microglia. J Neuroinflammation, 2012-09-04;9(0):210. 2012-09-04 [PMID: 22947253] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, Penuel E, Burton L, Chan E, Peng J, Lin E, Wang Y, Sosman J, Ribas A, Li J, Moffat J, Sutherlin DP, Koeppen H, Merchant M, Neve R, Settleman J Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature, 2012-07-26;487(7408):505-9. 2012-07-26 [PMID: 22763448] (Bioassay, Human)
• Cursiefen C, Maruyama K, Bock F, Saban D, Sadrai Z, Lawler J, Dana R, Masli S Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes. J. Exp. Med., 2011-05-02;208(5):1083-92. 2011-05-02 [PMID: 21536744] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Gregory PA, Bracken CP, Smith E, Bert AG, Wright JA, Roslan S, Morris M, Wyatt L, Farshid G, Lim YY, Lindeman GJ, Shannon MF, Drew PA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ An autocrine TGF-beta/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network regulates establishment and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2011-03-16;22(10):1686-98. 2011-03-16 [PMID: 21411626] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Craig EA, Craig E, Austin AF, Austin A, Vaillancourt RR, Vaillancourt R, Barnett JV, Camenisch TD, Camenisch T TGFbeta2-mediated production of hyaluronan is important for the induction of epicardial cell differentiation and invasion. Exp Cell Res, 2010-07-13;316(20):3397-405. 2010-07-13 [PMID: 20633555] (Bioassay, Mouse)
• Iwata J, Hosokawa R, Sanchez-Lara PA, Urata M, Slavkin H, Chai Y Transforming growth factor-beta regulates basal transcriptional regulatory machinery to control cell proliferation and differentiation in cranial neural crest-derived osteoprogenitor cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2009-12-03;285(0):4975-82. 2009-12-03 [PMID: 19959467] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Kuchtey J, Kallberg ME, Gelatt KN, Rinkoski T, Komaromy AM, Kuchtey RW Angiopoietin-like 7 secretion is induced by glaucoma stimuli and its concentration is elevated in glaucomatous aqueous humor. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2008-04-17;49(8):3438-48. 2008-04-17 [PMID: 18421092] (Bioassay, Human)
• Barkho BZ, Song H, Aimone JB Identification of astrocyte-expressed factors that modulate neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cells Dev., 2006-06-01;15(3):407-21. 2006-06-01 [PMID: 16846377] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Neurohr C, Nishimura SL, Sheppard D Activation of transforming growth factor-beta by the integrin alphavbeta8 delays epithelial wound closure. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2006-03-30;35(2):252-9. 2006-03-30 [PMID: 16574941] (Bioassay, Human)
• Close JL, Gumuscu B, Reh TA Retinal neurons regulate proliferation of postnatal progenitors and Muller glia in the rat retina via TGF beta signaling. Development, 2005-07-01;132(13):3015-26. 2005-07-01 [PMID: 15944186] (Bioassay, Rat)
• Nagineni CN, Kutty V, Detrick B, Hooks JJ Expression of PDGF and their receptors in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and fibroblasts: regulation by TGF-beta. J. Cell. Physiol., 2005-04-01;203(1):35-43. 2005-04-01 [PMID: 15368539] (Bioassay, Human)
• Saika S, Kono-Saika S, Tanaka T, Yamanaka O, Ohnishi Y, Sato M, Muragaki Y, Ooshima A, Yoo J, Flanders KC, Roberts AB Smad3 is required for dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium following retinal detachment in mice. Lab. Invest., 2004-10-01;84(10):1245-58. 2004-10-01 [PMID: 15273699] (Bioassay, Human)
• Murphy SJ, Dore JJ, Edens M, Coffey RJ, Barnard JA, Mitchell H, Wilkes M, Leof EB Differential trafficking of transforming growth factor-beta receptors and ligand in polarized epithelial cells. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2004-04-09;15(6):2853-62. 2004-04-09 [PMID: 15075369] (Bioassay, Canine)
• Wen FQ, Liu X, Kobayashi T, Abe S, Fang Q, Kohyama T, Ertl R, Terasaki Y, Manouilova L, Rennard SI Interferon-gamma inhibits transforming growth factor-beta production in human airway epithelial cells by targeting Smads. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2004-01-12;30(6):816-22. 2004-01-12 [PMID: 14722222] (ELISA (Standard))
• Liu X, Kohyama T, Wang H, Zhu YK, Wen FQ, Kim HJ, Romberger DJ, Rennard SI Th2 cytokine regulation of type I collagen gel contraction mediated by human lung mesenchymal cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2002-05-01;282(5):L1049-56. 2002-05-01 [PMID: 11943670] (ELISA (Standard))
• Jiang Y, Zhang M, Koishi K, McLennan IS TGF-beta 2 attenuates the injury-induced death of mature motoneurons. J. Neurosci. Res., 2000-12-15;62(6):809-13. 2000-12-15 [PMID: 11107165] (In Vivo, Rat)
• Mozes MM, Hodics T, Kopp JB Isoform specificity of commercially-available anti-TGF-beta antibodies. J. Immunol. Methods, 1999-05-27;225(1):87-93. 1999-05-27 [PMID: 10365785] (Western Blot)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: TGFB2
• Uniprot:
  • P61812()