Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant human PD-1/Fc (Catalog # 1086-PD) has a molecular weight (MW) of 125.1 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a homodimer. MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).

When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 1086-PD) is coated at 0.1 µg/mL, Recombinant Human B7-H1/PD-L1 Fc Chimera (156-B7) binds with a typical ED50 of 0.15-0.75 µg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Binding Activity
• Format: Carrier-Free

Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary

• Additional Information: Analyzed by SEC-MALS
• Details of Functionality: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera is immobilized at 0.1 µg/mL (100 µL/well), Recombinant Human B7-H1/PD-L1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 156-B7) binds with a typical ED₅₀ of 0.15-0.75 μg/mL.
• Source: Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived human PD-1 protein
  

  Human PD-1 (Leu25-Gln167) Accession # Q15116.3	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #: Q15116.3
• N-terminal Sequence: Leu25
• Structure / Form: Disulfide-linked homodimer
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: PDCD1
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Binding Activity
• Theoretical MW: 42.6 kDa (monomer).
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 60 - 70 kDa, under reducing conditions.

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human PD-1 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

• CD279 antigen
• CD279
• hPD-1
• PD1
• PD-1
• PD1hPD-l
• PDCD1
• programmed cell death 1
• programmed cell death protein 1
• Protein PD-1
• SLEB2

Background

PD-1 (Programmed Death-1 receptor), also known as CD279, is a receptor expressed on T cells responsible for modulating T cell activation. Like CTLA‑4, PD-1 is classified as an immune checkpoint inhibitory receptor. When PD-1 protein binds to PD-L1, it initiates a negative signaling cascade inhibiting activation of T cells. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) that are important for mediating PD-1 signaling. Normally, PD-1 helps keep T cells from attacking other cells in the body. However, many cancers take advantage of this by expressing high amounts of PD-L1 allowing cancer cells to evade the body's own immune response. Blocking the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction has proven successful in treating many different cancer types.

PD-1 protein is type I transmembrane receptor belonging to the CD28 family of immune regulatory receptors (1). Other members of this family include CD28, CTLA‑4, ICOS, and BTLA (2-5). Mature human PD-1 consists of an extracellular region (ECD) with one immunoglobulin-like V‑type domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic region. The mature ECD of human PD-1 shares 61% amino acid sequence identity with mouse PD-1 ECD. PD-1 protein acts as a monomeric receptor and interacts in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) (6, 7). PD‑1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells while PD-L1 expression is constitutive on the same cells and also on nonhematopoietic cells such as lung endothelial cells and hepatocytes (8, 9). Ligation of PD-L1 with PD-1 induces co-inhibitory signals on T cells promoting their apoptosis, anergy, and functional exhaustion (10). Thus, the PD-1:PD-L1 interaction is a key regulator of the threshold of immune response and peripheral immune tolerance (11).

1. Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.
2. Sharpe, A.H. and G.J. Freeman (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:116.
3. Coyle, A. and J. Gutierrez-Ramos (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:203.
4. Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:265.
5. Watanabe, N. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:670.
6. Zhang, X. et al. (2004) Immunity 20:337.
7. Lázár-Molnár, E. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:10483.
8. Nishimura, H. et al. (1996) Int. Immunol. 8:773.
9. Keir, M.E. et al. (2008) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:677.
10. Butte, M.J. et al. (2007) Immunity 27:111.
11. Okazaki, T. et al. (2013) Nat. Immunol. 14:1212.
12. Iwai, Y. et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:12293.
13. Nogrady, B. (2014) Nature 513:S10.

Publications for PD-1 (1086-PD)(41)

Publications using 1086-PD

• Hwang, HJ;Kang, D;Shin, J;Jung, J;Ko, S;Jung, KH;Hong, SS;Park, JE;Oh, MJ;An, HJ;Yang, WH;Ko, YG;Cha, JH;Lee, JS; Therapy-induced senescent cancer cells contribute to cancer progression by promoting ribophorin 1-dependent PD-L1 upregulation Nature communications 2025-01-03 [PMID: 39753537] (Bioassay, Human)
• Aleksandr, G;Andrei, V;Maria, P;Iana, S;Aleksandr, D;Anna, Z;Daria, Z;Aleksei, A;Mikhail, S;Evgeny, I;Valery, S;Pavel, I; Preclinical comparison of prolgolimab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab Scientific reports 2024-10-04 [PMID: 39367001] (Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), N/A)
• Huang, HC;Huang, YL;Chen, YJ;Wu, HY;Hsu, CL;Kao, HF;Liao, BC;Hsieh, MS;Lin, NY;Liao, YH;Chen, HL;Chen, CN;Chen, TC;Wang, CP;Yang, TL;Huang, MC;Lin, MC;Lou, PJ; The branched N-glycan of PD-L1 predicts immunotherapy responses in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC Oncogenesis 2024-10-02 [PMID: 39353912] (Bioassay, Human)
• Robinson, MA;Kennedy, A;Orozco, CT;Chen, HC;Waters, E;Giovacchini, D;Yeung, K;Filer, L;Hinze, C;Lloyd, C;Dovedi, SJ;Sansom, DM; Rigid, bivalent CTLA-4 binding to CD80 is required to disrupt the cis CD80/PD-L1 interaction Cell reports 2024-09-14 [PMID: 39277860] (Bioassay, Human)
• Pereira Ribeiro, S;Strongin, Z;Soudeyns, H;Ten-Caten, F;Ghneim, K;Pacheco Sanchez, G;Xavier de Medeiros, G;Del Rio Estrada, PM;Pelletier, AN;Hoang, T;Nguyen, K;Harper, J;Jean, S;Wallace, C;Balderas, R;Lifson, JD;Raghunathan, G;Rimmer, E;Pastuskova, C;Wu, G;Micci, L;Ribeiro, RM;Chan, CN;Estes, JD;Silvestri, G;Gorman, DM;Howell, BJ;Hazuda, DJ;Paiardini, M;Sekaly, RP; Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption Nature immunology 2024-09-12 [PMID: 39266691] (ELISA Capture, Rhesus Macaque)
• Li, Y;Wang, Z;Gao, P;Cao, D;Dong, R;Zhu, M;Fei, Y;Zuo, X;Cai, J; CircRHBDD1 promotes immune escape via IGF2BP2/PD-L1 signaling and acts as a nanotherapeutic target in gastric cancer Journal of translational medicine 2024-07-30 [PMID: 39080693] (Bioassay, Human)
• Jeong, H;Koh, J;Kim, S;Song, SG;Lee, SH;Jeon, Y;Lee, CH;Keam, B;Lee, SH;Chung, DH;Jeon, YK; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling predicts a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in PD-L1-high lung cancer British journal of cancer 2024-05-10 [PMID: 38729997] (Bioassay, Human)
• Manna, L;Rapuano Lembo, R;Yoshioka, A;Nakamura, K;Passariello, M;De Lorenzo, C; A Comparison of the Antitumor Efficacy of Novel Multi-Specific Tribodies with Combinations of Approved Immunomodulatory Antibodies Cancers 2023-11-09 [PMID: 38001604] (Bioassay, Human)
• Erlichman, N;Meshel, T;Baram, T;Abu Raiya, A;Horvitz, T;Ben-Yaakov, H;Ben-Baruch, A; The Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Breast Cancer Are Regulated by N-Linked Glycosylation-Dependent Activation of STAT3 and STAT1 Cells 2023-09-23 [PMID: 37830552] (Bioassay, Human)
• Mellergaard, M;Skovbakke, SL;Jepsen, SD;Panagiotopoulou, N;Hansen, ABR;Tian, W;Lund, A;Høgh, RI;Møller, SH;Guérillot, R;Hayes, AS;Erikstrup, LT;Andresen, L;Peleg, AY;Larsen, AR;Stinear, TP;Handberg, A;Erikstrup, C;Howden, BP;Goletz, S;Frees, D;Skov, S; Clinical Staphylococcus aureus inhibits human T-cell activity through interaction with the PD-1 receptor mBio 2023-10-05 [PMID: 37796131] (Flow Cytometry Control, Human)
• Li, X;Li, J;Zheng, Y;Lee, SJ;Zhou, J;Giobbie-Hurder, A;Butterfield, LH;Dranoff, G;Hodi, FS; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Influence on Soluble and Membrane Bound ICOS in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Cancer immunology research 2023-06-01 [PMID: 37262321] (Neutralization, Human)
• T Phakham, C Boonkrai, T Wongtangpr, T Audomsun, C Attakitban, P Saelao, P Muanwien, S Sooksai, N Hirankarn, T Pisitkun Highly efficient hybridoma generation and screening strategy for anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody development Scientific Reports, 2022-10-22;12(1):17792. 2022-10-22 [PMID: 36273231] (In Vivo, Mouse)
• Q Wang, Y Cao, L Shen, T Xiao, R Cao, S Wei, M Tang, L Du, H Wu, B Wu, Y Yu, S Wang, M Wen, B OuYang Regulation of PD-L1 through direct binding of cholesterol to CRAC motifs Science Advances, 2022-08-26;8(34):eabq4722. 2022-08-26 [PMID: 36026448] (Bioassay, Human)
• SS Ghaderi, F Riazi-Rad, ES Qamsari, S Bagheri, F Rahimi-Jam, Z Sharifzade Development of a human phage display-derived anti-PD-1 scFv antibody: an attractive tool for immune checkpoint therapy BMC biotechnology, 2022-08-23;22(1):22. 2022-08-23 [PMID: 35996120] (Bioassay, Human)
• N Erlichman, T Baram, T Meshel, D Morein, B Da'adoosh, A Ben-Baruch Tumor Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Human Breast Cancer Are Mediated by PD-L1-S283 and Chemokine Axes Cancers, 2022-02-18;14(4):. 2022-02-18 [PMID: 35205789] (Bioassay, Human)
• R Zhang, Y Yang, W Dong, M Lin, J He, X Zhang, T Tian, Y Yang, K Chen, QY Lei, S Zhang, Y Xu, L Lv D-mannose facilitates immunotherapy and radiotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer via degradation of PD-L1 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022-02-22;119(8):. 2022-02-22 [PMID: 35181605] (Bioassay, Human)
• CJ Edwards, A Sette, C Cox, B Di Fiore, C Wyre, D Sydoruk, D Yadin, P Hayes, S Stelter, PD Bartlett, M Zuazo, MJ Garcia-Gra, G Benedetti, S Fiaska, NR Birkett, Y Teng, C Enever, H Arasanz, A Bocanegra, L Chocarro, G Fernandez, R Vera, B Archer, I Osuch, M Lewandowsk, YM Surani, G Kochan, D Escors, J Legg, AJ Pierce The multi-specific VH-based Humabody CB213 co-targets PD1 and LAG3 on T cells to promote anti-tumour activity British Journal of Cancer, 2021-12-30;0(0):. 2021-12-30 [PMID: 34969998] (Bioassay, Human)
• Y Ren, Y Qian, L Ai, Y Xie, Y Gao, Z Zhuang, J Chen, YX Chen, JY Fang TRAPPC4 regulates the intracellular trafficking of PD-L1 and antitumor immunity Nature Communications, 2021-09-13;12(1):5405. 2021-09-13 [PMID: 34518538] (Binding Assay, Human)
• C Vetrei, M Passariell, G Froechlich, R Rapuano Le, N Zambrano, C De Lorenzo Immunomodulatory mAbs as Tools to Investigate on Cis-Interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 on Tumor Cells and to Set Up Methods for Early Screening of Safe and Potent Combinatorial Treatments Cancers, 2021-06-08;13(12):. 2021-06-08 [PMID: 34201082] (Bioassay, Human)
• JJ Park, EP Thi, VH Carpio, Y Bi, AG Cole, BD Dorsey, K Fan, T Harasym, CL Iott, S Kadhim, JH Kim, ACH Lee, D Nguyen, BS Paratala, R Qiu, A White, D Lakshminar, C Leo, RK Suto, R Rijnbrand, S Tang, MJ Sofia, CB Moore Checkpoint inhibition through small molecule-induced internalization of programmed death-ligand 1 Nature Communications, 2021-02-22;12(1):1222. 2021-02-22 [PMID: 33619272] (Bioassay, Human)
• D Zhu, R Xu, X Huang, Z Tang, Y Tian, J Zhang, X Zheng Deubiquitinating enzyme OTUB1 promotes cancer cell immunosuppression via preventing ER-associated degradation of immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 Cell Death and Differentiation, 2020-12-16;0(0):. 2020-12-16 [PMID: 33328570] (Bioassay, Human)
• C Li, H Yao, H Wang, JY Fang, J Xu Repurposing screen identifies Amlodipine as an inducer of PD-L1 degradation and antitumor immunity Oncogene, 2020-12-15;0(0):. 2020-12-15 [PMID: 33323966] (Cell Culture, Human)
• N Silva-Pili, E Martisova, MC Ballestero, S Hervas-Stu, N Casares, G González-S, C Smerdou, L Vanrell Long-Term Systemic Expression of a Novel PD-1 Blocking Nanobody from an AAV Vector Provides Antitumor Activity without Toxicity Biomedicines, 2020-12-02;8(12):. 2020-12-02 [PMID: 33276580] (Bioassay, ELISA Capture, Human)
• M Liberelle, R Magnez, X Thuru, Y Bencheikh, S Ravez, C Quenon, AS Drucbert, C Foulon, P Melnyk, IV Seuningen, N Lebègue MUC4-ErbB2 Oncogenic Complex: Binding studies using Microscale Thermophoresis Sci Rep, 2019-11-13;9(1):16678. 2019-11-13 [PMID: 31723153] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Passariell, AM D'Alise, A Esposito, C Vetrei, G Froechlich, E Scarselli, A Nicosia, C De Lorenzo Novel Human Anti-PD-L1 mAbs Inhibit Immune-Independent Tumor Cell Growth and PD-L1 Associated Intracellular Signalling Sci Rep, 2019-09-11;9(1):13125. 2019-09-11 [PMID: 31511565] (Bioassay, Human)
• W Wang, NM Chapman, B Zhang, M Li, M Fan, RN Laribee, MR Zaidi, LM Pfeffer, H Chi, ZH Wu Upregulation of PD-L1 via HMGB1-activated IRF3 and NF-kB contributes to UV radiation-induced immune suppression Cancer Res., 2019-02-08;0(0):. 2019-02-08 [PMID: 30737234] (Flow Cytometry, Human)
• N Zhang, Y Dou, L Liu, X Zhang, X Liu, Q Zeng, Y Liu, M Yin, X Liu, H Deng, D Song SA-49, a novel aloperine derivative, induces MITF-dependent lysosomal degradation of PD-L1 EBioMedicine, 2019-01-31;0(0):. 2019-01-31 [PMID: 30711516] (ICC, Human)
• H Wang, H Yao, C Li, H Shi, J Lan, Z Li, Y Zhang, L Liang, JY Fang, J Xu HIP1R targets PD-L1 to lysosomal degradation to alter T cell-mediated cytotoxicity Nat. Chem. Biol., 2018-11-05;0(0):. 2018-11-05 [PMID: 30397328] (Flow Cytometry, ICC, Human)
• B Shao, CW Li, SO Lim, L Sun, YJ Lai, J Hou, C Liu, CW Chang, Y Qiu, JM Hsu, LC Chan, Z Zha, H Li, MC Hung Deglycosylation of PD-L1 by 2-deoxyglucose reverses PARP inhibitor-induced immunosuppression in triple-negative breast cancer Am J Cancer Res, 2018-09-01;8(9):1837-1846. 2018-09-01 [PMID: 30323975] (Bioassay, Human)
• A Osa, T Uenami, S Koyama, K Fujimoto, D Okuzaki, T Takimoto, H Hirata, Y Yano, S Yokota, Y Kinehara, Y Naito, T Otsuka, M Kanazu, M Kuroyama, M Hamaguchi, T Koba, Y Futami, M Ishijima, Y Suga, Y Akazawa, H Machiyama, K Iwahori, H Takamatsu, I Nagatomo, Y Takeda, H Kida, EA Akbay, PS Hammerman, KK Wong, G Dranoff, M Mori, T Kijima, A Kumanogoh Clinical implications of monitoring nivolumab immunokinetics in non-small cell lung cancer patients JCI Insight, 2018-10-04;3(19):. 2018-10-04 [PMID: 30282824] (ELISA (Capture), Human)
• CW Li, SO Lim, EM Chung, YS Kim, AH Park, J Yao, JH Cha, W Xia, LC Chan, T Kim, SS Chang, HH Lee, CK Chou, YL Liu, HC Yeh, EP Perillo, AK Dunn, CW Kuo, KH Khoo, JL Hsu, Y Wu, JM Hsu, H Yamaguchi, TH Huang, AA Sahin, GN Hortobagyi, SS Yoo, MC Hung Eradication of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting Glycosylated PD-L1 Cancer Cell, 2018-02-12;33(2):187-201.e10. 2018-02-12 [PMID: 29438695] (ICC, Human)
• Samit Chatterjee Rapid PD-L1 detection in tumors with PET using a highly specific peptide Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 2016-12-24;0(0):. 2016-12-24 [PMID: 28025143] (Bioassay)
• Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity Nat Commun, 2016-08-30;7(0):12632. 2016-08-30 [PMID: 27572267] (Bioassay, Human)
• Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3&#039;-UTR disruption in multiple cancers Nature, 2016-05-23;0(0):. 2016-05-23 [PMID: 27281199] (Bioassay, Human)
• Yang Y, Wu K, Zhao E, Li W, Shi L, Xie G, Jiang B, Wang Y, Li R, Zhang P, Shuai X, Wang G, Tao K B7-H1 enhances proliferation ability of gastric cancer stem-like cells as a receptor. Oncol Lett, 2015-02-10;9(4):1833-1838. 2015-02-10 [PMID: 25789052] (Bioassay, Human)
• Melendreras S, Martinez-Camblor P, Menendez A, Bravo-Mendoza C, Gonzalez-Vidal A, Coto E, Diaz-Corte C, Ruiz-Ortega M, Lopez-Larrea C, Suarez-Alvarez B Soluble co-signaling molecules predict long-term graft outcome in kidney-transplanted patients. PLoS ONE, 2014-12-05;9(12):e113396. 2014-12-05 [PMID: 25478957] (ELISA (Standard), Human)
• Steidl C, Shah SP, Woolcock BW MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers. Nature, 2011-03-02;471(7338):377-81. 2011-03-02 [PMID: 21368758] (Bioassay, Human)
• Brahmer J, Drake C, Wollner I, Powderly J, Picus J, Sharfman W, Stankevich E, Pons A, Salay T, McMiller T, Gilson M, Wang C, Selby M, Taube J, Anders R, Chen L, Korman A, Pardoll D, Lowy I, Topalian S Phase I study of single-agent anti-programmed death-1 (MDX-1106) in refractory solid tumors: safety, clinical activity, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates. J Clin Oncol, 2010-06-01;28(19):3167-75. 2010-06-01 [PMID: 20516446] (ELISA (Capture), Human)
• Kim YS, Park GB, Lee HK, Song H, Choi IH, Lee WJ, Hur DY Cross-linking of B7-H1 on EBV-transformed B cells induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production, JNK signaling activation, and fasL expression. J. Immunol., 2008-11-01;181(9):6158-69. 2008-11-01 [PMID: 18941206] (Bioassay, Human)
• Sakthivel P, Ramanujam R, Wang XB, Pirskanen R, Lefvert AK Programmed Death-1: from gene to protein in autoimmune human myasthenia gravis. J. Neuroimmunol., 2007-11-26;193(1):149-55. 2007-11-26 [PMID: 18037500] (ELISA (Standard))
• Wan B, Nie H, Liu A, Feng G, He D, Xu R, Zhang Q, Dong C, Zhang JZ Aberrant regulation of synovial T cell activation by soluble costimulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Immunol., 2006-12-15;177(12):8844-50. 2006-12-15 [PMID: 17142787] (Bioassay, ELISA (Standard), Human)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: PDCD1
• Uniprot:
  • Q15116.3()