Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein

Recombinant Human GM-CSF (Catalog # 7954-GM) has a molecular weight (MW) of 16.3 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a monomer. MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein Summary

• Additional Information: Analyzed by SEC-MALS
• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED₅₀ for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human GM-CSF protein
  Ala18-Glu144
• Accession #: P04141
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala18
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CSF2
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 14.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 20-35 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM‑CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte‑macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM‑CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM‑CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM‑CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3‑5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy‑induced neutropenia, and GM‑CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM‑CSF, similar to IL‑3 and IL‑5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha ‑helices (8‑12). Mature human GM‑CSF shares 63%‑70% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, porcine, and rat GM‑CSF and 54% with mouse GM‑CSF. GM‑CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM‑CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high‑affinity receptors for IL‑3 and IL‑5 (13, 14). In addition, GM‑CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM‑CSF R alpha (15). Human GM‑CSF is active on canine and feline cells but not on murine cells (16‑18).

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.
3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.
4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779. 
10. Cantrell, M.A. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:6250.
11. Lee, F. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:4360.
12. Wong, G.G. et al. (1985) Science 228:810.
13. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
14. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
15. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
16. Hogge, G.S. et al. (1990) Cancer Gene Ther. 6:26.
17. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
18. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.

Publications for GM-CSF (7954-GM)(12)

Publications using 7954-GM

• Abedi, M;Expòsit, M;Coventry, B;Mathew, D;Jain, S;Krishnakumar, A;Goreshnik, I;Gray-Gaillard, SL;Lunn-Halbert, M;Yu, TY;Glögl, M;Mitchell, U;Keshri, R;Chun, JH;Ruohola-Baker, H;Wherry, EJ;Baker, D; High-Throughput De Novo Protein Design Yields Novel Immunomodulatory Agonists bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025-10-13 [PMID: 41279583] (Bioassay, Human)
• Expòsit, M;Abedi, M;Krishnakumar, A;Jain, S;Yu, TY;Hercus, TR;Mathew, D;Gray-Gaillard, S;Chen, Z;Grubbe, WS;Favor, A;Kan, WL;Schlichthaerle, T;Chen, W;Parker, MW;Mendoza, JL;Lopez, AF;Wherry, EJ;Baker, D; Geometric Tuning of Cytokine Receptor Association Modulates Synthetic Agonist Signaling bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025-10-13 [PMID: 41279521] (Bioassay, Human)
• Hara, Y;Lemgart, VT;Lessard, S;Mercadante, CJ;Ribeil, JA;Hicks, A;Rimmele, P;Light, DR; Selective AMPK?1 activation induces fetal hemoglobin in human erythroid cells and sickle cell mice via the noncanonical NRF2 pathway Science advances 2025-11-21 [PMID: 41259521] (Bioassay, Human)
• Ben-Crentsil, NA;Mohammed Ismail, W;Balasis, ME;Newman, H;Quintana, A;Binder, M;Kruer, T;Neupane, S;Ferrall-Fairbanks, MC;Fernandez, J;Lasho, TL;Finke, CM;Ibrahim, ML;McGraw, KL;Wysota, M;Aldrich, AL;Ryder, CB;Letson, CT;Traina, J;McLemore, AF;Droin, N;Shastri, A;Yun, S;Solary, E;Sallman, DA;Beg, AA;Ma, L;Gaspar-Maia, A;Patnaik, MM;Padron, E; RNA shielding of P65 is required to potentiate oncogenic inflammation in TET2 mutated clonal hematopoiesis Cancer discovery 2024-08-27 [PMID: 39189614] (Bioassay, Human)
• Huang, B;Coventry, B;Borowska, MT;Arhontoulis, DC;Exposit, M;Abedi, M;Jude, KM;Halabiya, SF;Allen, A;Cordray, C;Goreshnik, I;Ahlrichs, M;Chan, S;Tunggal, H;DeWitt, M;Hyams, N;Carter, L;Stewart, L;Fuller, DH;Mei, Y;Garcia, KC;Baker, D; De novo design of miniprotein antagonists of cytokine storm inducers Nature communications 2024-08-16 [PMID: 39152100] (Bioassay, Human)
• Moore, KM;Pelletier, AN;Lapp, S;Metz, A;Tharp, GK;Lee, M;Bhasin, SS;Bhasin, M;Sékaly, RP;Bosinger, SE;Suthar, MS; Single cell analysis reveals an antiviral network that controls Zika virus infection in human dendritic cells bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-01-21 [PMID: 38293140] (Bioassay, Human)
• Martins, C;Rasbach, E;Heppt, MV;Singh, P;Kulcsar, Z;Holzgruber, J;Chakraborty, A;Mucciarone, K;Kleffel, S;Brandenburg, A;Hoetzenecker, W;Rahbari, NN;DeCaprio, JA;Thakuria, M;Murphy, GF;Ramsey, MR;Posch, C;Barthel, SR;Schatton, T; Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 promotes Merkel cell carcinoma growth by activating downstream mTOR-mitochondrial ROS signaling Science advances 2024-01-19 [PMID: 38241371] (Bioassay, Human)
• Katagata, M;Okayama, H;Nakajima, S;Saito, K;Sato, T;Sakuma, M;Fukai, S;Endo, E;Sakamoto, W;Saito, M;Saze, Z;Momma, T;Mimura, K;Kono, K; TIM-3 Expression and M2 Polarization of Macrophages in the TGF?-Activated Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Cancers 2023-10-11 [PMID: 37894310] (Cell Culture, Human)
• Pan, HW;Guo, J;Zhu, L;Leung, SWS;Zhang, C;Lam, JKW; Enhanced powder dispersion of dual-excipient spray-dried powder formulations of a monoclonal antibody and its fragment for local treatment of severe asthma International journal of pharmaceutics 2023-07-25 [PMID: 37499774] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Wang, S Cooper, HE Broxmeyer, R Kapur Transient regulation of RNA methylation in human hematopoietic stem cells promotes their homing and engraftment Leukemia, 2022-12-02;0(0):. 2022-12-02 [PMID: 36460765] (Cell Culture, Human)
• J Zhu, Z Chen, X Peng, Z Zheng, A Le, J Guo, L Ma, H Shi, K Yao, S Zhang, J Ge, Z Zheng, Q Wang Extracellular Vesicle-Derived circITGB1 Regulates Dendritic Cell Maturation and Cardiac Inflammation via miR-342-3p/NFAM1 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022-05-16;2022(0):8392313. 2022-05-16 [PMID: 35615580] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Medelin, V Giacco, A Aldinucci, G Castronovo, E Bonechi, A Sibilla, M Tanturli, M Torcia, L Ballerini, F Cozzolino, C Ballerini Bridging pro-inflammatory signals, synaptic transmission and protection in spinal explants in vitro Mol Brain, 2018-01-15;11(1):3. 2018-01-15 [PMID: 29334986] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2
• Uniprot:
  • P04141(Human)