Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein

Recombinant Human GM-CSF (Catalog # 7954-GM) has a molecular weight (MW) of 16.3 kDa as analyzed by SEC-MALS, suggesting that this protein is a monomer. MW may differ from predicted MW due to post-translational modifications (PTMs) present (i.e. Glycosylation).

Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. The ED50 for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.

• Reactivity: Hu
• Applications: Bioactivity

Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein Summary

• Additional Information: Analyzed by SEC-MALS
• Details of Functionality: Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF-1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED 50 for this effect is 6-30 pg/mL.
• Source: Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human GM-CSF protein Ala18-Glu144
• Accession #: P04141
• N-terminal Sequence: Ala18
• Protein/Peptide Type: Recombinant Proteins
• Gene: CSF2
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Endotoxin Note: <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

Applications/Dilutions

• Dilutions:
  • Bioactivity
• Theoretical MW: 14.5 kDa.
  Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
• SDS-PAGE: 20-35 kDa, reducing conditions

Packaging, Storage & Formulations

• Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 degreesC as supplied. 1 month, 2 to 8 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution. 3 months, -20 to -70 degreesC under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
• Buffer: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
• Purity: >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
• Reconstitution Instructions: Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.

Notes

This product is produced by and ships from R&D Systems, Inc., a Bio-Techne brand.

Alternate Names for Recombinant Human GM-CSF (CHO-expressed) Protein

• colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)
• Colony-stimulating factor
• CSF
• CSF2
• CSF-2
• GMCSF
• GM-CSF
• GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
• MGC131935
• MGC138897
• Molgramostim
• molgramostin
• Sargramostim

Background

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3-5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices (8-12). Mature human GM-CSF shares 63%-70% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, porcine, and rat GM-CSF and 54% with mouse GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (13, 14). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (15). Human GM-CSF is active on canine and feline cells but not on murine cells (16-18).

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509.
3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163.
4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362.
5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405.
6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148.
7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779. 
10. Cantrell, M.A. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:6250.
11. Lee, F. et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:4360.
12. Wong, G.G. et al. (1985) Science 228:810.
13. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
14. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
15. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
16. Hogge, G.S. et al. (1990) Cancer Gene Ther. 6:26.
17. Sprague, W.S. et al. (2005) J. Comp. Pathol. 133:136.
18. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.

Publications for GM-CSF (7954-GM)(13)

Publications using 7954-GM

• Abedi, M;Expòsit, M;Coventry, B;Mathew, D;Jain, S;Krishnakumar, A;Goreshnik, I;Gray-Gaillard, SL;Lunn-Halbert, M;Yu, TY;Glögl, M;Mitchell, U;Keshri, R;Chun, JH;Ruohola-Baker, H;Wherry, EJ;Baker, D; High-Throughput De Novo Protein Design Yields Novel Immunomodulatory Agonists bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025-10-13 [PMID: 41279583] (Bioassay, Human)
• Expòsit, M;Abedi, M;Krishnakumar, A;Jain, S;Yu, TY;Hercus, TR;Mathew, D;Gray-Gaillard, S;Chen, Z;Grubbe, WS;Favor, A;Kan, WL;Schlichthaerle, T;Chen, W;Parker, MW;Mendoza, JL;Lopez, AF;Wherry, EJ;Baker, D; Geometric Tuning of Cytokine Receptor Association Modulates Synthetic Agonist Signaling bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025-10-13 [PMID: 41279521] (Bioassay, Human)
• Hara, Y;Lemgart, VT;Lessard, S;Mercadante, CJ;Ribeil, JA;Hicks, A;Rimmele, P;Light, DR; Selective AMPK?1 activation induces fetal hemoglobin in human erythroid cells and sickle cell mice via the noncanonical NRF2 pathway Science advances 2025-11-21 [PMID: 41259521] (Bioassay, Human)
• van Amerongen, RA;Tuit, S;Remst, DFG;Wouters, AK;Siekman, SL;Hagedoorn, RS;van der Steen, DM;Kester, MGD;de Ru, AH;van der Horst, G;Matsuda, M;Ishikawa, F;van Veelen, PA;Falkenburg, JHF;Heemskerk, MHM; TCR-Based Therapy Directed against Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 4 Is Safe and Effective against Prostate Cancer Cancer immunology research 2025-08-01 [PMID: 40387827] (Bioassay, Human)
• Ben-Crentsil, NA;Mohammed Ismail, W;Balasis, ME;Newman, H;Quintana, A;Binder, M;Kruer, T;Neupane, S;Ferrall-Fairbanks, MC;Fernandez, J;Lasho, TL;Finke, CM;Ibrahim, ML;McGraw, KL;Wysota, M;Aldrich, AL;Ryder, CB;Letson, CT;Traina, J;McLemore, AF;Droin, N;Shastri, A;Yun, S;Solary, E;Sallman, DA;Beg, AA;Ma, L;Gaspar-Maia, A;Patnaik, MM;Padron, E; RNA shielding of P65 is required to potentiate oncogenic inflammation in TET2 mutated clonal hematopoiesis Cancer discovery 2024-08-27 [PMID: 39189614] (Bioassay, Human)
• Huang, B;Coventry, B;Borowska, MT;Arhontoulis, DC;Exposit, M;Abedi, M;Jude, KM;Halabiya, SF;Allen, A;Cordray, C;Goreshnik, I;Ahlrichs, M;Chan, S;Tunggal, H;DeWitt, M;Hyams, N;Carter, L;Stewart, L;Fuller, DH;Mei, Y;Garcia, KC;Baker, D; De novo design of miniprotein antagonists of cytokine storm inducers Nature communications 2024-08-16 [PMID: 39152100] (Bioassay, Human)
• Moore, KM;Pelletier, AN;Lapp, S;Metz, A;Tharp, GK;Lee, M;Bhasin, SS;Bhasin, M;Sékaly, RP;Bosinger, SE;Suthar, MS; Single cell analysis reveals an antiviral network that controls Zika virus infection in human dendritic cells bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2024-01-21 [PMID: 38293140] (Bioassay, Human)
• Martins, C;Rasbach, E;Heppt, MV;Singh, P;Kulcsar, Z;Holzgruber, J;Chakraborty, A;Mucciarone, K;Kleffel, S;Brandenburg, A;Hoetzenecker, W;Rahbari, NN;DeCaprio, JA;Thakuria, M;Murphy, GF;Ramsey, MR;Posch, C;Barthel, SR;Schatton, T; Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 promotes Merkel cell carcinoma growth by activating downstream mTOR-mitochondrial ROS signaling Science advances 2024-01-19 [PMID: 38241371] (Bioassay, Human)
• Katagata, M;Okayama, H;Nakajima, S;Saito, K;Sato, T;Sakuma, M;Fukai, S;Endo, E;Sakamoto, W;Saito, M;Saze, Z;Momma, T;Mimura, K;Kono, K; TIM-3 Expression and M2 Polarization of Macrophages in the TGF?-Activated Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Cancers 2023-10-11 [PMID: 37894310] (Cell Culture, Human)
• Pan, HW;Guo, J;Zhu, L;Leung, SWS;Zhang, C;Lam, JKW; Enhanced powder dispersion of dual-excipient spray-dried powder formulations of a monoclonal antibody and its fragment for local treatment of severe asthma International journal of pharmaceutics 2023-07-25 [PMID: 37499774] (Bioassay, Human)
• X Wang, S Cooper, HE Broxmeyer, R Kapur Transient regulation of RNA methylation in human hematopoietic stem cells promotes their homing and engraftment Leukemia, 2022-12-02;0(0):. 2022-12-02 [PMID: 36460765] (Cell Culture, Human)
• J Zhu, Z Chen, X Peng, Z Zheng, A Le, J Guo, L Ma, H Shi, K Yao, S Zhang, J Ge, Z Zheng, Q Wang Extracellular Vesicle-Derived circITGB1 Regulates Dendritic Cell Maturation and Cardiac Inflammation via miR-342-3p/NFAM1 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022-05-16;2022(0):8392313. 2022-05-16 [PMID: 35615580] (Bioassay, Human)
• M Medelin, V Giacco, A Aldinucci, G Castronovo, E Bonechi, A Sibilla, M Tanturli, M Torcia, L Ballerini, F Cozzolino, C Ballerini Bridging pro-inflammatory signals, synaptic transmission and protection in spinal explants in vitro Mol Brain, 2018-01-15;11(1):3. 2018-01-15 [PMID: 29334986] (Bioassay, Mouse)

Bioinformatics

• Gene Symbol: CSF2
• Uniprot:
  • P04141(Human)